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Background: Motor control and posture disorders are responsible in the development of cerebral palsy (CP). Spastic CP, the most common type of CP is associated with postural asymmetries resulting in functional limitation among children and compromising their quality of life. Therefore, the study aimed to describe the severity of postural asymmetries among special school going children with spastic cerebral palsy in correlation with Gross Motor Function Classification System levels (GMFCS). Methods: Thirty-four subjects from Lahore who were special school going children diagnosed with spastic CP for more than 6 months and less than 1 year were recruited. Children with uncontrolled seizures, hearing and visual impairment, surgery scheduled and other types of cerebral palsy were excluded. The scale used for the assessment of postural asymmetries was Posture and Postural Ability Scale with the reliability of 0.99. ANOVA test was applied with p

Background: Musculoskeletal discomfort not related by a syndrome is very communal in juvenile and puberty getting lifetime prevalence as great as 40%. It affects student’s quality of life and their productivity in education. So, the main objective of current study was to access musculoskeletal pain among undergraduate physical therapy students. Methods: A Descriptive type of cross sectional survey was conducted at Lahore Medical and Dental College (LM&DC) for duration of almost six months from April 2018 to October 2018. Sample size recruited was 321 physical therapy students and they were included according to inclusion exclusion criteria. Assessment of Musculoskeletal pain was done using Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. An analysis was done using SPSS 21. Results: The findings showed that musculoskeletal pain among students was most commonly prevalent in lower back region constituting 65.4% (n = 210) followed by upper back 53.9% (n = 173) and neck region 48.6% (n = 156). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal pain was highly prevalent among medical students and most commonly found in lower back region.

Background: Precompetitive anxiety refers to an indistinct but unrelenting feeling of uneasiness and dread in hours prior to the competition. Precompetitive anxiety has been shown to affect an athlete at various levels including match performance, sporting injuries, rehabilitation of sports injuries, return to activity and risk or re-injury. It has become a common practice to differentiate between the two common forms of anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of current study was to assess precompetitive anxiety in footballers of Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross section survey was conducted on 58 male footballers aged between 18-26 years. The data was collected from Pakistan football federation club and Fame football club. Total 34 footballers were assessed at the Pakistan football federation club and 24 at the Fame football club. The sampling strategy utilized was non-probability convenience sampling. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months from July 2018 to January 2019. Competitive state anxiety inventory was used to assess precompetitive anxiety 1 hour preceding the competition. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21and results were presented in the form of frequency and percentages. Results: Out of 58 participating footballers, 44.8% (n=26) reported moderate levels of somatic state anxiety, 72.4% (n=42) reported moderate levels of cognitive state anxiety and 48.3% (n=28) reported moderate levels of self-confidence. Conclusion: The study concluded that moderate to low levels of somatic state anxiety, moderate levels of cognitive state anxiety and moderate to high levels of self-confidence were present in majority of participating footballers.

Background: Joint substitution of lower limbs like hip and knee replacements are viewed as a high volume surgery with great achievement rates and physical restoration assumes a significant role in recovery of these patients. However, access to recovery and follow up is restricted. Post joint substitution patients living in remote territories and those with the danger of joint dislocation find difficulty to recovery benefits once they are released from emergency clinic. Access issues produce extra burden. The purpose of current study was to evaluate whether telerehabilitation performed from a health center to patient’s place after discharge from hospital among knee replacement was practically effective as alternative treatment. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 post total knee replacement patients for a period of 6 months at Ghurki hospital. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A received telerehabilitation. Group B received face to face rehabilitation for 2 months. Ranges, muscle strength and functional status were measured through goniometer, manual muscle testing and timed get up and go test. Assessment was done using Fischer exact test at baseline, after 2 weeks and followed up after 2 months. Results: p-value for knee flexion came out to be 0.03 where as for quadriceps it was 0.02 after 2 weeks, which was found to be statistically significant. After 2 months, p-value for knee flexion was 0.016 and 0.000 for functional status. Conclusion: Use of telerehabilitation is found to be equally effective as compared to face to face rehabilitation among knee replacement patients.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a commonly prevailing disease among women. Disease progression deformities such as ulnar and radial shift of the wrist, Boutonnière, swan neck deformity and mallet finger become evident, which results in marked limitation of hand function. Patients usually lose the ability to hold, grasp and pinch thus activities of daily living are compromised. This study aimed to diagnose stage II Rheumatoid Arthritis through assessing the limitations of hand functions in adult females. Methods: A sample of 37 adult females with Stage II RA presenting to the rheumatology department of National hospital, Lahore and Combined Military Hospital, Lahore were recruited in the study. Patients with clinically diagnosed Stage II RA presenting with pain and dysfunction of the hands and wrist joints were included. Patients with any traumatic condition or any other bone disease that limits hand function were excluded from the study. The scale used for the assessment was Patient Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) with the reliability of >0.75 and validity of 0.7. Results: In a sample of adult women with a mean age of 42, 39% reported moderate pain and 61% had severe pain whereas the functional limitations was reported to be moderate in 47.3% while 52.7% had severe limitation of hand function. These results prove that there is a negative impact of hand malformations on hand function. Conclusion: The adult females with stage II Rheumatoid Arthritis had severely limited hand function. The functional limitations of hand were increased with disease progression especially in adult females.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an orthopedic surgical technique in which the knee joint surfaces, the femoral condyles and tibial plateau, are substituted with prosthetic components.TKA is found effective for improving perambulating purposes, but some other impairment such as proprioception, muscle strength, and balance may continue postoperatively. Balance is defined as an individual’s ability to maintain a desired position within their base of support. The aim of the study was to asses balance among patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty post six months. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted for a period of 6 months from August 2018 till January 2019 at Ghurki Trust and Teaching hospital and Horizon Hospital Lahore, in which 26 subjects (7 Males and 19 Females) were included according to inclusion criteria. Permission from the Ethical Committee of the Lahore College of Physical Therapy was obtained. The sampling technique used was convenient sampling. Balance of each patient was assessed with Berg Balance Scale. The Berg Balance Scale grades execution on 14 different tasks, utilizing a scale of five points ranging from 0 to 4; the isolated scores are summed, for a total score of 56 where greater scores show enhanced stability of task execution. The results of the study showed that out of the total (n = 26) patients, 19 patients had low risk of fall, 6 patients had moderate risk of fall, while only one patient had high risk of fall. The study concluded that patients, who underwent total knee arthroplasty, had low risk of fall when balance was assessed with Berg Balance Scale after six months of Total knee Arthroplasty procedure.

Background: Lymphedema is abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in skin due to malfunction of lymphatic system. After axillary lymph node dissection breast surgery lymphedema of involved arm is one of the complications. So the aim of current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of home based decongestive lymphatic therapy on lymphedema and range of motion. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted on 100 female patients who have undergone axillary lymph node dissection in Shuakat khanum Memorial hospital Lahore. Study period was from March 2017 to September 2017. Sampling technique utilized was non probability convenience sampling. Written informed consent was taken from each patient. Patients were trained to do self massage and self lymphatic drainage technique once a day. Exercises were instructed to the patients keeping diaphragmatic exercises in between. Girth measurement was assessed pre and post operatively using calibrated tape. Range of motion was measured pre and post operatively through goniometer. Measurement was taken at baseline, and on 1st day, 10th day and 4th week of treatment. Effectiveness of home based decongestive lymphatic therapy was assessed through repeated measure ANOVA. Results: Home based decongestive lymphatic therapy showed statistically significant changes in arm and forearm circumference (p value < 0.05). Significant increase in degree of shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, shoulder external rotation and shoulder internal rotation was observed after home based treatment (p value < 0.001) Conclusion: Home based lymphatic decongestive therapy proved to be effective in improving shoulder range of motion and reducing lymphaedema post breast cancer surgery.