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A pandemia de covid-19, com mais de seis milhões de mortes globais, impactou desproporcionalmente grupos desfavorecidos, incluindo a população idosa, que enfrentou aumento nas taxas de mortalidade e isolamento social. Estereótipos e preconceitos contra pessoas idosas se intensificaram, destacando a necessidade de combater o idadismo. O estudo aqui apresentado visa investigar o idadismo na mídia durante a pandemia, utilizando uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram analisados 28 artigos selecionados de várias bases de dados, seguindo os critérios PRISMA. Os resultados mostram um aumento na representação negativa da população idosa na mídia, reforçando estereótipos de fragilidade e dependência. A análise de conteúdo foi a metodologia predominante. Deve-se aumentar a conscientização sobre os efeitos prejudiciais do idadismo e investir em pesquisas que auxiliem a produção de políticas públicas para o seu combate.

A idade avançada é um dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer de mama. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a situação epidemiológica e o acesso ao diagnóstico do câncer de mama entre idosas nas regiões do Brasil. O estudo é descritivo e compreende o período entre 2000 a 2019. Analisam-se indicadores de mortalidade, morbidade e acesso ao diagnóstico. A qualidade da informação da mortalidade foi analisada pelo indicador ‘óbitos com causa básica mal definida’. Segundo os resultados, a maioria dos óbitos foi prematura. As regiões Sul e Sudeste tiveram as maiores taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama. Nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, há maior subnotificação de óbitos devido à qualidade das informações sobre mortalidade. Conclui-se que as idosas devem ser consideradas nas ações e nos programas sobre câncer de mama e que se deve aumentar o acesso ao diagnóstico das idosas.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Comparar as mudanças de estilos de vida durante a pandemia COVID-19, segundo a presença ou não de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em adultos brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da pesquisa ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, realizada entre abril e maio de 2020. Avaliaram-se as variáveis estilo de vida e presença de uma ou mais DCNT (diabetes, hipertensão, doença respiratória, doença do coração e câncer). As características sociodemográficas foram usadas como ajuste. Calcularam-se as frequências relativas e os intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% das variáveis antes da e durante a pandemia. Para a comparação de grupos, sem ou com DCNT, estimaram-se as prevalências e razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada (RPa) utilizando a regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Houve redução da prática de atividade física (60% nos sem DCNT e 58% nos com DCNT) e do consumo de hortaliças (10,8% nos sem DCNT e 12,7% nos com DCNT). Verificou-se aumento no tempo de uso de televisão e computador/tablet (302 e 43,5% nos sem DCNT e 196,5 e 30,6% nos com DCNT, respectivamente); consumo de congelados (43,6% nos sem DCNT e 53,7% com DCNT), salgadinhos (42,3% sem DCNT e 31,2% com DCNT) e chocolate (14,8% sem DCNT). Durante a pandemia, portadores de DCNT apresentaram menor prática de atividade física suficiente (RPa = 0,77; IC95% 0,65 - 0,92), maior hábito de assistir à televisão (RPa = 1,16; IC95% 1,08 - 1,26) e menor consumo de hortaliças (RPa = 0,88; IC95% 0,81 - 0,96). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que adultos com DCNT tiveram seus estilos de vida mais alterados durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the temporal evolution of the hospitalization of older adults due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions according to their structure, magnitude and causes. METHODS Cross-sectional study based on data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System and from the Primary Care Information System, referring to people aged 60 to 74 years living in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Souhteastern Brazil. The proportion and rate of hospitalizations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions were calculated, both the global rate and, according to diagnoses, the most prevalent ones. The coverage of the Family Health Strategy and the number of medical consultations attended by older adults in primary care were estimated. To analyze the indicators’ impact on hospitalizations, a linear correlation test was used. RESULTS We found an intense reduction in hospitalizations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions for all causes and age groups. Heart failure, cerebrovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases concentrated 50.0% of the hospitalizations. Adults older than 69 years had a higher risk of hospitalization due to one of these causes. We observed a higher risk of hospitalization among men. A negative correlation was found between the hospitalizations and the indicators of access to primary care. CONCLUSIONS Primary healthcare in the state of Rio de Janeiro has been significantly impacting the hospital morbidity of the older population. Studies of hospitalizations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions can aid the identification of the main causes that are sensitive to the intervention of the health services, in order to indicate which actions are more effective to reduce hospitalizations and to increase the population’s quality of life.

Os idosos são mais suscetíveis aos efeitos adversos dos medicamentos devido a uma diversidade de fatores, tais como o uso excessivo e concomitante de diversos fármacos, erros de administração, alterações fisiológicas no organismo que alteram a farmacodinâmica e a farmacocinética. Com o objetivo de determinar as principais classes terapêuticas envolvidas nas internações hospitalares de idosos decorrentes de intoxicação e efeito adverso de medicamentos, bem como os principais agravos relacionados a esses eventos, foram analisadas 9.793 internações hospitalares de pessoas com 60 anos ou mais, registradas no Brasil pelo Sistema de Internações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH-SUS), no período de 2004 a 2008. Medicamentos não especificados, antibióticos sistêmicos, psicotrópicos, psicoativos, antiepilépticos, sedativos, hipnóticos e antiparkinsonianos, responderam por 57% do total de internações analisadas. Traumatismos e quedas foram os principais agravos relacionados a intoxicação e efeito adverso de medicamentos. As internações por traumatismo apresentaram relação com analgésicos, antitérmicos e antirreumáticos não opiáceos. Já as quedas estavam associadas aos antibióticos sistêmicos, contrariando os estudos que apontam os psicotrópicos como os principais medicamentos envolvidos nesses eventos. Os resultados encontrados refletem a tendência crescente dos problemas associados ao uso de medicamentos por idosos. Verificou-se que o perfil de consumo não é suficiente para explicar as concentrações de casos nas principais classes terapêuticas. Na busca pelas causas, sugere-se a adoção de programas mais efetivos de farmacovigilância, capazes de monitorar as diferentes etapas do processo de uso de medicamentos: prescrição, dispensação, comercialização, administração e adesão ao tratamento.The elderly are more susceptible to adverse drugs effects due to a variety of factors, such as excessive and concomitant use of several drugs, administration errors, physiological changes in the body that alter the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. In order to determine the main therapeutic classes involved in hospital admissions of elderly people due to intoxication and adverse drug effects, as well as major health problems related to these events, 9,793 hospitalizations of people aged 60 or over registered in the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH-SUS) in the period of 2004 to 2008 were analyzed. Unspecified drugs, systemic antibiotics, psychotropics, psychoactives, antiepileptics, sedatives, hypnotics and antiparkinsonians accounted for 57% of the total of admissions analyzed. Injuries and falls were the main health problems related to intoxication and adverse drug effects. Hospitalizations due to injuries were associated with analgesic, antipyretic and antirheumatic non-opioid. Falls were associated with systemic antibiotics, contradicting studies which point out psychotropic drugs as the main drug involved in these events. The results reflect the growing trend of problems associated with drug use by elderly people. It was verified that the consumption profile alone is not sufficient to explain the concentration of cases of the major therapeutic classes. We suggest the adoption of more effective programs of pharmacovigilance, capable of intervening at different stages of drug use: prescribing, dispensing, marketing, administration and compliance.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adequacy of the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20, a rapid triage instrument to test vulnerability in Brazilian older adults, for the use in primary health care. METHODS The study included convenience sample of 397 patients aged older than or equal to 60 years attended at Centro de Referência para o Idoso (Reference Center for Older Adults) and of 52 older adults the same age attended at the community. The results of the questionnaire, consisting of 20 questions, were compared with those of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, considered a reference for identifying frail older adults. Spearman’s correlation was evaluated in the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 with the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment; the validity was verified by the area under the ROC curve; reliability was estimated by the percentage of agreement among evaluators and by the kappa coefficient, both with quadratic weighted. The cut-off point was obtained based on the higher accuracy criterion. Cronbach’s alpha, a measure of internal consistency, was estimated. RESULTS The Spearman’s correlation coefficient was high and positive for both groups (0.792 for older adults attended at the Reference Center and 0.305 for older adults from the community [p < 0.001]). The area under the ROC curve for older adults attended at the Reference Center was substantial (0.903). The cut-off point obtained was six, and older adults with scores in Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 above that value had strong possibility of being frail. For older adults from the community, the quadratic weighted agreement among evaluators was 99.5%, and the global quadratic weighted kappa coefficient was 0.94. Cronbach’s alpha was high for older adults attended at the Reference Center (0.861) and those attended at the community (0.740). CONCLUSIONS The Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 questionnaire, in the sample examined, turned out to be positively correlated with the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, in addition to the results indicating a high degree of validity and reliability. Thus, the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 proves to be viable as a triage instrument in the primary health care that identifies frail older adults (older adults at risk of weakening and frail older adults).

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To estimate the healthy life expectancy at 60 years by sex and Federated States and to investigate geographical inequalities by socioeconomic status. METHODS Healthy life expectancy was estimated by the Sullivan method, based on the information of the National Survey on Health, 2013. Three criteria were adopted for the definition of “unhealthy state”: self-assessment of bad health, functionality for performing the activities of daily living, and the presence of noncommunicable disease with intense degree of limitation. The indicator of socioeconomic status was built based on the number of goods at household and educational level of the head of household. To analyze the geographical inequalities and socioeconomic level, inequality measures were calculated, such as the ratio, the difference, and the angular coefficient. RESULTS Healthy life expectancy among men ranged from 13.8 (Alagoas) to 20.9 (Espírito Santo) for the self-assessment criterion of bad health. Among women, the corresponding estimates were always higher and ranged from 14.9 (Maranhão) to 22.2 (São Paulo). As to the ratio of inequality by Federated State, the medians were always higher for healthy life expectancy than for life expectancy, regardless of the definition adopted for healthy state. Regarding the differences per Federated State, the healthy life expectancy was seven years higher in one state than in another. By socioeconomic status, differences of three and four years were found, approximately, between the last and first fifth, for men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite the association of the mortality indicators with living conditions, the inequalities are even more pronounced when the welfare and the limitations in usual activities are considered, showing the necessity to promote actions and programs to reduce the socio-spatial gradient.