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Abstract Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition, and choline may alleviate airway inflammation and oxidative stress but studies on the association between dietary choline and asthma remain limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations between dietary choline intake and asthma, as well as pulmonary inflammation and lung function in children and adults. Methods In our research, we employed the data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018, including 7,104 children and 16,580 adults. We used fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) to assess pulmonary inflammation and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), predicted FEV1% and predicted FVC% to assess lung function. Binary logistic regression, linear regression, and the restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the associations between dietary choline intake and asthma and pulmonary inflammation and lung function. Results In children, we observed the positive associations between the natural logarithmic transformation of choline (ln-choline) and ln-FEV1 [ β:0.011; 95%CI: (0.004,0.018)] and ln-FVC [ β:0.009; 95%CI: (0.002,0.016)]. In adult males, the ln-choline was positively associated with ln-FEV1[ β:0.018; 95%CI: (0.011,0.024)], ln-FVC [ β:0.020; 95%CI: (0.014,0.026)], ln-PEF [ β:0.014; 95%CI: (0.007,0.022)], ln-predicted FEV1% [ β: 0.007; 95%CI: (0.001, 0.013)] and ln-predicted FVC%[ β: 0.010; 95%CI: (0.005, 0.015)] and negatively associated with FENO [ β: -0.029; 95%CI: (-0.049, -0.009)]. In unadjusted and partially adjusted models, adult females with ln-choline in the highest quartile had 25.2% (95%CI:9.4-38.3%) and 23.8% (95%CI:7.6-37.1%) decreased odds of asthma compared to those with the lowest quartile group. In the dose-response relationships of dietary choline and pulmonary inflammation and lung function indicators in adults, there existed threshold and saturation effects. Conclusion The associations between dietary choline and lung function indicators such as FEV1 and FVC are positive in children and adults. The association between dietary choline and pulmonary inflammation is negative only in adults.

ObjectiveTo analyze the changing trends of the disease burden of viral hepatitis B (HB) and its risk factors among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2019, to provide a reference for HB prevention and control. MethodsData on the disease burden of HB and its risk factors among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Descriptive statistics were performed using standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate of HB. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends of disease burden of HB attributable to smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, and high body mass index (BMI) among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2019. ResultsDuring the 30-year period among Chinese residents there were significant decreasing trends in the HB standardized rate (1/100 000) of incidence (2 725.98 to 1 397.31), prevalence (12 239. 53 to 6 566.12), mortality (24.67 to 8.07), and DALYs (793.38 to 247.71), with average annual percentage changes (AAPC) of – 2.29%, – 2.13%, – 3.82%, and – 3.98%, respectively (P < 0.001 for all), and although declining more rapidly in a global comparison, these standardized rates were still higher than those in the total world population. The values of APPC were significantly higher negatively in the female population than in the male population for HB standardized of incidence (– 2.49% vs. – 2.14%), prevalence (– 2.26% vs. – 2.04%), mortality (– 4.82% vs. – 3.48%), and DALYs (– 5.15% vs. – 3.63%) rates (all P < 0.001), indicating that there was still a higher disease burden of HB in the male Chinese population. During this period, the standardized mortality rate and DALYs rate of HB attributable to smoking, drinking alcohol, drug use, and high BMI showed a significant decreasing trend (both P < 0.01), with the AAPC of – 62.20%, – 62.01%, – 44.44%, and – 18.18% for the mortality rate and – 63.90%, – 63.54%, – 47.71%, and – 18.76% for the DALYs rate. ConclusionAlthough the disease burden of viral hepatitis B among Chinese residents has decreased from 1990 to 2019, it is still higher than that of the world population, and male residents who smoke, consume alcohol, take drugs and have high body mass index still need to pay more attention.

Abstract Background There have been studies on the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and diet. We hypothesized HBV infection is related to dietary calcium intake, but the evidence is limited. This study aimed to examine whether dietary calcium intake is independently related to HBV infection in the United States population. Methods A total of 20,488 participants aged over 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted from 2007 to 2020, were included in this study. Pearson correlation was used to test the association between dietary calcium and serum calcium. The relationships of HBV infection with dietary calcium and serum calcium were assessed by logistic regression models. Results There was a weak correlation between dietary calcium and serum calcium (r = 0.048). Logistic regression models indicated that HBV infection had a linear negative correlation with dietary calcium (OR 0.37; 95%CI 0.19, 0.76). For each additional 10 mg dietary calcium, the possibility of HBV infection was reduced by 63%. Hepatitis B positive participants had lower serum calcium content than negative participants. Stratified analysis shown the linear relationship between calcium and HBV infection varied among sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated HBV infection was linearly and inversely correlated with dietary calcium. The current study is expected to offer a fresh perspective on reducing HBV infection.