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The shielding and spectroscopic properties of Pr + 3 and Pr3+/Ho3+-codoped tellurite glass were investigated. The intensity parameters (Ω2 = 3.24-, Ω4 = 1.64-, Ω6 = 1.10 × 10−20 cm2) as well as the radiative lifetimes of 3F4 + 5S2 and 5I6 excited states of Ho3+ ions were equal to 301 μs and 3.0 μs, respectively. The former value appears to be much higher than that obtained from the lifetime measurement, indicating the presence of various energy transfer processes. The NIR spectrum of Pr3+/Ho3+-co-doped tellurite glass is dominated by strong Ho3+: 5I6 emission at around 1200 nm, being the result of the energy transfer from Pr3+ to Ho3+ ions. The shielding effectiveness of the prepared glasses showed good performance against high-energy photons. These findings suggest that the prepared glasses could be used in laser technology such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment procedures and as shielding for radiation protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the X-ray and gamma attenuation characteristics and optical properties of a synthesized tellurite–phosphate–sodium oxide glass system with a composition of (85 − x)TeO2–10P2O5–xNa2O mol% (where x = 15, 20, and 25) were evaluated. The glass systems we re fabricated by our research group using quenching melt fabrication. The shielding parameters of as-synthesized systems, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective electron density (Neff) in a wide energy range between 15 keV and 15 MeV, were estimated using well-known PHY-X/PSD software and recently developed MIKE software. Herein, the optical parameters of prepared glasses, such as molar volume (VM), oxygen molar volume (VO), oxygen packing density (OPD), molar polarizability ( α m ), molar refractivity (Rm), reflection loss (RL), and metallization (M), were estimated using MIKE software. Furthermore, the shielding performance of the prepared glasses was compared with that of commonly used standard glass shielding materials. The results show that the incorporation of sodium oxide into the matrix TeO2/P2O5 with an optimum concentration can yield a glass system with good shielding performance as well as good optical and physical properties, especially at low photon energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shielding glass materials doped with heavy metal oxides show an improvement in the effectiveness of the materials used in radiation shielding. In this work, the photon shielding parameters of six tellurite glass systems doped with several metal oxides namely, 70TeO2-10P2O5- 10ZnO- 5.0PbF2- 0.0024Er2O3- 5.0X (where X represents different doped metail oxides namely, Nb2O5, TiO2, WO3, PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO) in a broad energy spectrum, ranging from 0.015 MeV to 15 MeV, were evaluated. The shielding parameters were calculated using the online software Phy-X/PSD. The highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients recorded were obtaibed from the samples containing bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), and the lowest half-value layer and mean free path were recorded among the other samples. Furthermore, the shielding effectiveness of tellurite glass systems was compared with commercial shielding materials (RS-369, RS-253 G18, chromite, ferrite, magnetite, and barite). The optical parameters viz, dispersion energy, single-oscillator energy, molar refraction, electronic polarizability, non-linear refractive indices, n2, and third-order susceptibility were measured and reported at a different wavelength. Bi2O3 has a strong effect on enhancing the optical and shielding properties. The outcome of this study suggests the potential of using the proposed glass samples as radiation-shielding materials for a broad range of imaging and therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different semiconducting quaternary compounds were examined by Phy-X / PSD software. • Gamma radiation attenuation parameters, as well as fast neutrons attenuation, were computed to select the best attenuator. • Cu 2 CoGeSe 4 sample has good fast neutron attenuating features. • Cu 2 CoGeTe 4 sample effectively absorbed gamma radiation by recording the maximum LAC. • Effective atomic numbers (Z eff) were computed for electron, proton, photon, alpha particle, and carbon ion interactions. The radiation-protection properties of the magnetic semiconducting quaternary compounds Cu 2 CoGeS 4 , Cu 2 CoGeSe 4 , and Cu 2 CoGeTe 4 were examined in this study by using Phy-X/PSD software with the selected gamma energy (0.015–15 MeV). The radiation shielding coefficients such as mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MAC) and (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP) of the present semiconductors were calculated. Also, the total electronic and atomic cross-sections (ECS and ACS), the effective atomic number (Z eff), the effective electron density (N eff), and the effective conductivity (C eff) of these semiconductors were estimated to see how well they could protect against radiation. A comparative study occurred between the obtained results and the corresponding values of RS-253-G18, RS-360, RS-520 glasses, barite, chromite, and ferrite concrete. The results show that semiconducting samples with the best shielding performance outperform RS-253-G18, RS-360 glass, and RS-520 glass materials commonly used in nuclear applications. The Cu 2 CoGeTe 4 sample had the highest MAC , LAC, and ACS , as well as the highest ECS and Z eff values. The other two semiconductor samples had the lowest MAC , ECS, and Z eff values. For photons, charged particles (electrons, protons, alpha particles), and C-ion, Phy-X/PSD allows the calculation of the Z eff quickly and precisely across the entire energy range. This study indicates that the semiconductor samples can be utilized as radiation attenuators for various nuclear fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel glass samples with the composition 75TeO2–5Ta2O5–15Nb2O5–5x (where x = ZnO, MgO, TiO2, or Na2O) in mole percent were prepared. The physical, optical, and gamma radiation shielding properties of the glass samples were studied over a wide energy spectrum ranging between 0.015 and 20 MeV. The glasses' UV–vis spectra were utilized to evaluate the optical energy gap and refractive index. Glass samples had a refractive index ranging from 2.2005 to 2.0967. The results showed that the sample doped with zinc oxide (ZnO) recorded the highest density (ρglass), molar polarizability (αm), molar refraction (Rm), refractive index (n), and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ3) and the lowest optical energy gap (Eopt) among the samples under investigation. When comparing the current glass system with various standard glass shielding materials, the prepared glass system showed superior shielding performance at energies ranging between 40 and 85 keV. These findings indicate that the prepared glass systems can be used in diagnostic X-rays, especially in dental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study's basic objective is to evaluate the photon shielding features of the quaternary compound Cu 2 CdSn 3 S 8 and three different binary compounds CuS, CdS, and SnS by carrying out Phy-X/PSD software between 0.015 and 15 MeV photon energies. The samples' radiation shielding capabilities were compared with those of different concretes and commercial glasses reported in the literature. Photon interaction parameters like MAC, LAC, HVL, TVL, MEF, ACS, ECS, Z eff , N eff , C eff , Z eq , EBF , and EABF are represented in the selected energy range. The MAC and LAC values of the tested samples are greater than certain concrete types commonly used for radiation safety. The measured values represent that SnS binary compound sample has higher values for MAC, LAC, Z eff , C eff , ACS, ECS, EBF, and EABF and lower HVL and MFP values. The Cu 2 CdSn 3 S 8 , CuS, and SnS FNRCS values are higher than the corresponding values of RS-253-G18, RS-360, and RS-520, so the studied samples have superior neutron attenuation properties. CuS possesses the best FNRCS (= 0.102) among the present studied compounds. • Three different binary sulfide compounds and the quaternary compound were examined by Phy-X/PSD software • Gamma radiation attenuation parameters, as well as fast neutrons attenuation, were computed to select the best attenuator • CuS has poor γ-ray shielding features, but it indicates good neutron shielding properties • The denser sample SnS effectively absorbed gamma radiation by recording the maximum LAC • SnS achieved the highest ACS and ECS values but the lowest EBF and EABF values [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]