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Silver-111 ( 111 Ag, t 1/2  = 7.47 d) is a β - emitter suitable for targeted cancer therapy due to favourable decay properties. The production of no-carrier added 111 Ag via Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique is being investigated at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (ISOLPHARM project). Stable Cadmium-111 ( 111 Cd) is co-produced as isobaric contaminant, hence a chemical separation process must be developed to selectively harvest 111 Ag. In this study, a chromatographic procedure employing the commercially available CL resin was investigated by using stable Ag + and Cd 2+ . Results indicate that CL resin allows to efficiently separate Ag + from Cd 2+ and recover the former with high yields., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of this narrative review was to assess the use of nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver radionuclides to targets, focusing on systems that have been tested in pre-clinical and, when available, clinical settings. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases using the following terms: "radionuclides" AND "liposomes" or "PLGA nanoparticles" or "gold nanoparticles" or "iron oxide nanoparticles" or "silica nanoparticles" or "micelles" or "dendrimers". No filters were applied, apart from a minimum limit of 10 patients enrolled for clinical studies. Data from some significant studies from pre-clinical and clinical settings were retrieved, and we briefly describe the information available. All the selected seven classes of nanoparticles were highly tested in clinical trials, but they all present many drawbacks. Liposomes are the only ones that have been tested for clinical applications, though they have never been commercialized. In conclusion, the application of NPs for imaging has been the object of much interest over the years, albeit mainly in pre-clinical settings. Thus, we think that, based on the current state, radiolabeled NPs must be investigated longer before finding their place in nuclear medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ISOLPHARM (ISOL technique for radioPHARMaceuticals) project is dedicated to the development of high purity radiopharmaceuticals exploiting the radionuclides producible with the future Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facility at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN-LNL). At SPES, a proton beam (up to 70 MeV) extracted from a cyclotron will directly impinge a primary target, where the produced isotopes are released thanks to the high working temperatures (2000 °C), ionized, extracted and accelerated, and finally, after mass separation, only the desired nuclei are collected on a secondary target, free from isotopic contaminants that decrease their specific activity. A case study for such project is the evaluation of the feasibility of the ISOL production of 64Cu and 67Cu using a zirconium germanide target, currently under development. The producible activities of 64Cu and 67Cu were calculated by means of the Monte Carlo code FLUKA, whereas dedicated off-line tests with stable beams were performed at LNL to evaluate the capability to ionize and recover isotopically pure copper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At INFN-LNL (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro) SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species), a new facility for the production of radioactive ion beams is being constructed at INFN-LNL (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro). Radioactive ion beams of neutron-rich nuclei with high purity, in the range of mass between 80 and 160 amu, will be produced by nuclear reactions induced by 40 MeV protons from a cyclotron. The goal of the ISOLPHARM project is to provide a feasibility study for an innovative technology for the production of extremely very high specific activity beta emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceutical precursors. The ISOL method, adopted in the ISOLPHARM project (a branch of the SPES project), gives the possibility of obtaining pure isobaric beams. In this way, no isotopic contaminations will be present in the beam and afterwards in a proper trapping substrate. The ground-breaking idea of the ISOLPHARM method was granted an International patent (INFN). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]