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Rationale and Objectives: To estimate recurrence risk after surgery in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by employing tumoral and peritumoral radiomics analysis.Materials and Methods: One-hundred twenty-four surgically treated stage IA-IIB NSCLC patients' data from 2008 to 2013 were retrospectively collected. Patient outcome was defined as local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM), and (sum of LR and DM) total recurrence (TR) at follow-up. Volumetric region of interests (ROIs) were drawn for the tumor, peritumoral lung parenchyma (2 cm around the tumor) and involved lobe on CT images. Ninety-four (morphological, first-order, textural, fractal-based) radiomics features were extracted from the ROIs and datasets were created from single or combined ROIs. Predictive models were built with radiomics signature (RS) and clinicopathological data, and the area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance. Radiomics score was calculated with the best models' feature coefficients, low- and high-risk groups of patients defined accordingly. Kaplan-Meier curves were built, and the log-rank test was used for comparison among low- and high-risk groups. Differences in recurrence risk among the two risk groups were calculated (chi-square test).Results: Fifty-six patients developed TR (25 LR, 31 DM). The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage recurrence predictability (AUCTR 0.680; AUCDM 0.672; AUCLR 0.580) was substantially improved when RS was added to the predictive model (AUCTR 0.760; AUCDM 0.759; AUCLR 0.750). Seventy-five percent of high-risk patients developed TR. Recurrence risk of the high-risk group was 16-fold higher than that of the low-risk group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Combination of the tumoral and peritumoral RS with TNM staging system outperformed TNM staging alone in individualized recurrence risk estimation of patients with surgically treated NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease affecting various organs, and the lungs are the most commonly involved. According to guidelines, diagnosis relies on a consistent clinical picture, histological demonstration of non-caseating granulomas, and exclusion of other diseases with similar histological or clinical picture. Nevertheless, chest imaging plays an important role in both diagnostic assessment, allowing to avoid biopsy in some situations, and prognostic evaluation. Despite the demonstrated lower sensitivity of chest X-ray (CXR) in the evaluation of chest findings compared to high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), CXR still retains a pivotal role in both diagnostic and prognostic assessment in sarcoidosis. Moreover, despite the huge progress made in the field of radiation dose reduction, chest magnetic resonance (MR), and quantitative imaging, very little research has focused on their application in sarcoidosis. In this review, we aim to describe the latest novelties in diagnostic and prognostic assessment of thoracic sarcoidosis and to identify the fields of research that require investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]