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The effectiveness of using borate (borax) and fluoride (sodium fluoride) fluxes in the sintering of crystalline (sand) and amorphous (diatomite) silicate raw materials was considered. The change in the density and appearance of samples with varying amounts of fluxes during their heat treatment at different temperatures was described. It was shown that the introduction of 4 wt.% of borax reduces the temperature necessary to reach a density of 1500 kg/m3 by 100°C, and 6 wt.% of borax by 200°C. It was shown that the introduction of fluxes increases the amount of x-ray amorphous glass phase due to depolymerization of the silicon-oxygen network and the formation of a low-temperature melt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main trends in the production of foam glass materials were considered. The basic principles of physicochemical interaction of glass components with the pore-forming agent were described. The general tendencies in gas release during the heat treatment of foam glass batch mixtures using the compounds most commonly used as pore-forming agents (carbonates, carbon, silicon carbide) were revealed. Critical analysis of known studies was given. It revealed differences and inaccuracies in the descriptions of gas release reactions and showed the lack of justification for the choice of a particular pore-forming agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of batch compositions based on quartz sand from the Chalganskoe deposit, opoka from the Botchinskoe deposit, slag from the Artem TPP, and diatomite from the Chernoyarskoe deposit were developed. The density and porosity of the synthesized samples were determined. Their microstructure was analyzed. Conclusions are drawn concerning the suitability of these raw materials for the synthesis of porous silicate materials (foam glass). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]