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非致残性缺血性脑血管事件（non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events，NICE）包括短暂 性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack，TIA）与轻型卒中，在全部缺血性脑血管病中的比例及其流行 病学趋势逐年升高。NICE早期复发风险高，且存在低知晓率、低诊疗率、低住院率的问题。因此，进 一步改进TIA的定义，制定预防早期卒中的最佳策略显得尤为重要。近年来，随着人们对TIA和轻型卒 中认识的深入以及医疗水平的提高，TIA的发病率及卒中复发风险在发达国家存在下降的趋势。 Abstract: The percentage of non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events (NICE), including transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke, in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases has been rising as well as the epidemiological trend of it. High risk of early occurrence coming along with low awareness, low diagnosis and treatment and low hospitalization rate make it important to improve the definition of TIA and establish optimum strategy to prevent early stroke of NICE. In recent years, with the deepening of people's understanding of TIA and minor stroke, and the improvement of medical standards, the incidence of TIA and the risk of stroke recurrence have declined in developed countries.

针对脑血管病的危险因素积极进行早期干预管理是减少脑血管病危害最有效的方法。本章节介绍脑血管病高危人群管理的推荐意见，包括对不可干预和可干预血管危险因素的控制，阿司匹林在缺血性卒中一级预防中的应用以及首次卒中风险评估等方面。 Abstract: Early intervention to manage the risk factors of cerebrovascular disease is the most effective way to reduce the harm of cerebrovascular diseases. This chapter presents recommendations for the management of populations at high risk for cerebrovascular disease, including control of non-interventionable and interventionable vascular risk factors, the use of aspirin in the primary prevention of ischaemic stroke, and the risk assessment of first-time stroke.