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87 isolates of M. tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis patients in the Novouralsk municipality in 2013-2016 were studied. It was found out that a high percentage of isolates had multiple drug resistance: 66 and 85.3% among newly diagnosed and previously treated patients, respectively. Genotyping allowed revealing the dominance of isolates of the Beijing family, both among newly diagnosed (75.5%) and previously treated patients (85.3%), with 52.8 and 67.6% of isolates, respectively, belonging to the Beijing B0/W148 variant. MIRU-VNTR-typing detected nine isolates of the Beijing B0/W148 family with an atypical number of repeats in the QUB26 locus (two). A high rate of tuberculosis with concurrent HIV (39.1%) was noted, while in groups of tuberculosis patients with various HIV statuses, no difference was detected in the ratio of multiple drug resistant pathogens and belonging to the Beijing genotype (BeijingB0/W148). The article demonstrates the possibility of using genotyping technologies to confirm/deny the epidemiological relationship between patients and search for previously unknown mechanisms of tuberculosis infection transmission.

The article analyzes the results of using TB-Test technology (Biochip-IMB, Russia) within the diagnostic procedure for testing clinical specimens with the purpose of tuberculosis diagnostics and drug susceptibility testing in Ural Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology. The use of this test system is feasible if there are at least 102 cells of tuberculous mycobacteria in 1 ml of the specimen, and there is a high level of multiple drug resistance in the region; and within 2-4 days one test allows detecting mutations associated with resistance to main first and second line TB drugs and performing intraspecific typing of mycobacteria, which is needed for epidemiological monitoring and detection of cases with nosocomial superinfection.