Search

Despite advances in minimally invasive surgery, urolithiasis still recurs within the first five years after the first episode in more than 50% of patients. Researchers continue to search for new crystallisation inhibitors, metaphylaxis strategies and laser sources for stone destruction. Therefore, to achieve these goals, it is necessary to study kidney stones not only as the result of an isolated process of pathological biomineralisation in the human body, but also as a biogenic mineral or rock that obeys universal patterns and has certain properties. Consequently, kidney stones need to be studied using methods that are widely used in the geological sciences for the study of minerals, such as computed microtomography and petrological analysis. In this review, the properties of kidney stones studied using various research methods used in geosciences are discussed. These properties are also considered as new biomarkers of urolithiasis. This review discusses how new data from multimodal stone analysis can be used to develop personalised metaphylaxis and treatment strategies for all types of urolithiasis, including the most common idiopathic calcium-oxalate urolithiasis.

There are considered characteristics of the laser medical devices working at the wavelengths 1.94; 2.01 and 2.1 µm, which are used in urology for surgical operations. It is shown that unlike action in the air environment, section of the biotissue in the water environment (physiological solution) is performed by the steam-gas stream which is formed as a result of superintensive boiling in thin (about 0.1 mm) a liquid layer in which absorbed laser radiation. Coagulation of the biotissue, adjacent to a section, happens due to heat which is produced via vapor condensation.

Multiparametric magnetic-resonance imaging study was performed on 89 patients in magnetic-resonance imager 3 T. In 61 of them identified prostate cancer. Identified opportunities and the role of the complex magnetic resonance imaging in the clinical diagnostic algorithm for cancer of the pancreas, compared the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic-resonance imaging. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic-resonance imaging is one of the important methods for diagnosis of prostate cancer, specifying the location and staging of neoplastic process. Multiparametric magnetic-resonance imaging study of patients of prostate cancer has a great advantage compared with other clinical and diagnostic radiation methods in determining the localization of the true size of the tumor and its degree of aggressiveness.

The problem of therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia has not lost its relevance today due to the high prevalence rate of this pathologyamong the male population. The article provides the results of non-interventional (observational) study of application of the tamsulosin(Proflosin®) drug or combined therapy with tamsulosin (Proflosin®) + Serenoa repens (Prostamol® Uno) of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in routine clinical practice. 1,000 practicing urology experts from 100 cities and towns of Russia took part in the study as well as 23 492 patients with the established diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, which were prescribed with tamsulosin (Proflosin®) monotherapy or combined therapy with tamsulosin (Proflosin®) + Serenoa repens (Prostamol® Uno) in conditions of outpatient clinical practice. As a result of the study, improvement of the life standard and subjective symptoms were stated with patients with the absence of significant side effects directly associated with intake of the drug studies.

Training of muscles of a pelvic bottom under control of biofeedback is applied at 87 patients with an urinary incontinence after a radical prostatectomy. Biofeedback increases management and control of a pelvic floor. At good ability of management of muscles of a pelvic floor the median of restoration was 4 months. Without opportunity of management of muscles of pelvic floor restoration was 9.4 months.