Search

Inter-regionalism as a form of effective networking multilateralism comes to be suggested for the task of restructuring a crumbling architecture of global governance unsafe for humankind. Safe for the Commonwealth of Citizens turns to be the global governance of networked global institutions within the multilateral system, raised instead of previous differently power-centred forms of international system (unipolar /hegemonic, bipolar, polycentric multipolar). Assessment of merits and disadvantages of Leaders' Twenty (L20) multilateral initiative proves that inter-regionalism offers the best service for effective restructuring of global governance. Out of cross-cutting agencies of states, civil society networks, and international organizations in inter-regional hubs, as the most reliable producers of effective networking multilateralism, much needed building of global institutions will come and their systemic harnessing safe for humankind will eventually set off. Interregionalizam kao oblik delotvornog umrežavajućeg multilateralizma učestalo biva preporučivan za 'sanaciju' oronule arhitekture globalne vladavine koja nije bezbedna za čovečanstvo. Bezbedna za komonvelt građana je globalna vladavina koju daje multilateralni sistem umreženih globalnih ustanova, umesto dosadašnjih različito centriranih međunarodnih sistema (jednopolarni/hegemoni, dvopolni/bipolarni, policentrični/ multipolarni). Ispitivanje dobrih strana i slabosti inicijative Dvadeset predvodnika (P20/L20) potvrđuje interregionalizam kao izlaz za delotvorno restrukturiranje globalne vladavine. Iz ukrštajućeg delatništva i država, i društvenih mreža, i međunarodnih organizacija u interregionalnim čvorištima kao najpouzdanijim proizvođačima delotvornog umrežavajućeg multilateralizma može proisteći neophodno pravljenje globalnih ustanova i njihovo sistemsko sprezanje bezbedno za čovečanstvo.

"The European Union (EU) perceives itself as a model for regional integration, which it seeks to diffuse by actively promoting the development of genuine (intra-) regional economic and political cooperation, the building of issue-related regimes, and the creation of joint institutions for consultation and decision-making in its neighbourhood and beyond as well as between the world regions and the EU. In this paper, we explore the extent to which EU has sought to promote regional integration beyond its borders. More specifically, we analyze what exactly the EU seeks to export and how it has used its external relations and foreign policy to foster the cooperation between regions (inter-regionalism), on the one hand, and regional cooperation among third countries, on the other. We proceed in three steps. The first part of the paper outlines the mechanisms and instruments through which the EU diffuses the idea of regional integration to other regions and fosters regional integration among third countries. In the second part, we take stock of the EU's attempts to export regional integration focusing on the mechanisms it has drawn upon. We conclude with some considerations to what extent the promotion of regional integration constitutes a genuine EU agenda for global governance." (author's abstract)

This paper is about accomplished understanding of the regions as 'a trigger force in the world policy' in 'new' international regionalism. In the article there are presented the results of 'new' international regionalism and there is extracted a key analysis that the complex of theories and directions within the research under that 'name' had established the region as a new 'third' level in the world politics analysis, an important foundation of the global order and real international relations, that is also the object of scientific analysis of the reality of international relations. Firstly, there are presented leading standings of 'new' international regionalism regarding the significance of the region as an object of research. Then the differences between understanding of globalization and regionalism as the trigger of world politics are underlined. For purpose of cognitive effectiveness there are presented the attempts of new regionalism to avoid the trap of division of these indissolubly connected processes. Within the context there are presented the results of theoretical striving of one Buzan and Vaever on one side, and Peter Katzenstein on other side, to observe the world as the world of regions through comprehension of connection between globalism and regionalism, and not disconnection of that one process from the other one. A short review of basic notions of 'new' research of international regions is presented in third part of the article. Final part of the article is dedicated to descriptive illumination of the most important questions of the world politics from the angle of 'new' international regionalism. Conclusion of the article is that the 'new' international regionalism supplies a fresh influx of knowledge to overall international studies on making of modern world politics by establishment of the research of the regions as a specific level within the global governing. Rad se bavi ostvarenim razumevanjem regiona kao 'pokretačke sile svetske politike' u 'novom' međunarodnom regionalizmu. Predočeni su ostvareni nalazi 'novog' međunarodnog regionalizma i izdvojene ključne potvrde koje je skup teorija i pravaca istraživanja pod tim 'imenom' priložio izvođenju regiona do novog 'trećeg' nivoa analize svetske politike, bitnog gradiva globalnog poretka i stvarnih međunarodnih odnosa, odnosno samog predmeta naučnog proučavanja stvarnosti stvarnih međunarodnih odnosa. Prvo su saopštena noseća stanovišta 'novog' međunarodnog regionalizma o značaju regiona kao predmeta proučavanja. Zatim su u podvučene razlike između razumevanja globalizacije i regionalizma kao pokretača svetske politike. Predstavljeni su pokušaji novog regionalizma da radi saznajne plodotvornosti izbegne 'kljusu' deobe ta dva neodvojivo spregnuta procesa. Izneti su u tom okviru rezultati sprovedenih teorijska nastojanja Bazana i Vivera, na jednoj, i Pitera Kacenstajna, na drugoj strani, da se svet posmatra kao svet regiona, uviđanjem spregnutosti globalizacije i regionalizma, a ne otcepljenosti jednog procesa od drugog. Kratki pregled osnovnih pojmova 'novog' proučavanja međunarodnih regiona dat je u trećem delu rada. Preglednom osvetljavanju najvažnijih pitanja svetske politike iz ugla 'novog' međunarodnog regionalizma posvećen je završni deo. Ponuđen je zaključak da uspostavljajući proučavanje regiona, kao osobenog sloja u sklopu globalne vladavine, 'novi' međunarodni regionalizam pruža sveži dotok znanja celokupnim međunarodnim studijama o tome kako se danas pravi svetska politika.

The presented study is an analysis of the regional integration process of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN utilizing theories of international relations and integration. The dissertation studies the factors which contributed to its formation, evolution and transformation and the perspectives of its further development. ASEAN was established by virtue of Bangkok Declaration signed on August 8, 1967 among Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Subsequently Brunei joined the Association in 1984, Vietnam 1995, Laos and Myanmar 1997 and Cambodia 1999. ASEAN's formation falls within the process of creating of regional organizations after World War II, a period of the biggest development of the institutionalization of the international cooperation. Association was based on relatively free and voluntary cooperation and political declarations. With the end of Cold War and bipolarity, with the defeat of communism and the advent of political and economic reforms in the former socialist bloc ASEAN institutionally strengthened and transformed itself, expanded its membership and the decision to form ASEAN Free Trade Area AFTA in 1992 and the Treaty on the Common Effective Preferential Tariffs shifted Association from the stage of cooperation to integration. ASEAN becomes an international organization (based on international legal agreement with the objectives, principles, internal structure etc.) through the adoption of the Charter in 2008. The Charter is the symbol of the transition process from voluntary cooperation based on political declarations to creation of an intergovernmental organization with international legal personality and legal contractual basis for community building, to strengthen the norms and principles. ASEAN has functioned over 40 years based on personal, very frequent and regular contacts between the key elites (who have significantly contributed to its creation and development), as a grouping of common practice and an emerging common identity. It is a form of intergovernmental cooperation, where member states have exclusive position in the decision process; there are no supranational institutions that would have exclusive powers. ASEAN is the initiator of the development of regionalism in Asia, a considerable number of international structures, inter-and trans-regional contacts, forums and programs. Its activities after the Cold War fall into the framework of the new regionalism The thesis tries to point out possible perspectives for its future path, especially in connection to recently born special cooperation ASEAN+3 (China, Republic of Korea, Japan) and plans for building of East Asian Community (ASEAN+3, Australia, New Zealand, India) and its Free Trade Area. Basic characteristics of ASEAN integration process: it takes place in Southeast Asia, it is a process and a state, it consists of economic, political, security, social and cultural part, the emphasis is on economic affairs, its origin is in the postwar period, the main actors are the states and their elites (from the 90's NGO's, think-tanks and civil society become active creating a broad network of socio-cultural relations and interactions), integration expands by the process of ASEAN +3 and EAS, there is a spillover effect within and outside ASEAN, integration process is gradually evolving from a lower to a higher level. Carried out research has its limitations, since it is impossible to generalize the results and formulate a clear assessment of the large international complex, the information is always limited and the social process is miscellaneous. Well-known is the fact that political elites do not act according to the theories, which they often do not know, but based on their own understanding of reality and interests of individual states, eventually groups of countries. No theory is able to explain fully the evolution of ASEAN, failing to capture reality in its full extent, and thus the prospects for the future are some speculations. From the theoretical examination of ASEAN I elect neofuncionalism, since ASEAN represents a process of empowerment, where elites play a crucial role; they share many values and objectives and contribute to the integration process. The rise of transactions in the regional grouping (trade, communication, exchange of ideas), gradually creates a sense of common identity, elites have closer contacts and their values are complementary. Southeast Asia should occupy an important place in the Czech Republic's foreign policy, taking advantage of traditional contacts with the region. Priority should be given to economic ties and active political involvement in the multilateral framework of ASEM, an important part of political dialogue should be question of human rights.