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Monitoring the condition of agricultural lands in the Chechen Republic using geographic information systems (GIS) is an important tool for assessing and managing agricultural resources in the region. This paper discusses modern GIS methods and technologies used to analyze land conditions, including their use to identify land use changes, assess soil quality, and monitor the impact of climate change. The focus is on collecting and processing data using remote sensing, as well as using analytical tools to create maps and models that help make informed decisions in agriculture. The monitoring results help optimize the use of land resources, increase their productivity, and improve resilience to external factors. As a result, the use of GIS technologies becomes an integral part of effective land management in the Chechen Republic, contributing to the sustainable development of agriculture in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topographic maps used as the cartographic basis of thematic maps are created on the basis of data from the certain time period and the existing topographic base for the study area was published in 1975-1990, which does not allow visualizing recent changes of the area condition. One way to solve this problem is to use up-to-date data sources. The problem is successfully solved on the basis of visual and automated use of satellites remote sensing data of medium, high and ultra-high spatial resolution. The purpose of this article is to conduct comparative analysis of the Earth remote sensing data using the example of Sentinel 2, Landsat-8 satellite images, to consider methods for processing satellite images and use of remote sensing data to update vector layers of the cartographic basis of thematic maps. As part of the tasks of actualization of the vector layers for updating the cartographic basis of the study area, in this work was used archival and operational medium-resolution data obtained from Landsat and Sentinel-2 series satellites and Sentinel-2 image services, as well as Airbus WorldDEM4Ortho DEM. The work used the methods of GIS technologies and remote sensing, classification of remote sensing data and comparative analysis, visual and automated interpretation. A set of Python scripts has been generated to filter the collection of Sentinel-2 images and to determine cloudiness and cloud shadow. The use of remote sensing data made it possible to cover spacious and inaccessible areas of mountainous regions, significantly reducing the costs of data and processing. As a result, the updated cartographic basis of the studied area was created. The cartographic basis can be used for subsequent analysis of the dynamics and trends in changes of natural and social-economic objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the application of remote sensing in the context of the natural and technical geosystem of the Dniester PSPP. The main emphasis is placed on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and thermographic data to determine the factors that may cause abnormal thermal load on hydraulic structures. The study is aimed at identifying and analysing temperature gradients that may influence the occurrence of thermal anomalies. The study is aimed at identifying potential causes, mechanisms and factors affecting water manifestations. The subject of the analysis is also the relationship between the temperature gradient on the surface of structures and the presence of water leakage, as well as the impact of temperature on geological, hydrological and engineering systems of the structure. The analysis process is based on the interpretation of thermographic data reflecting the local heating of the surface of the hydraulic structure and the geotechnical characteristics of the soils, taking into account the design features of the hydraulic structure The research provides valuable insights that can be used to optimise the design and construction of earthen dams. Analysis of thermal processes is an important step in understanding and predicting their impact on the geological structure and hydrogeological properties of the environment. Man-made soils placed in the protective layers of a dam are subject to significant uneven heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, more and more attention is being paid to the development of technologies for the satellite monitoring of land use and the state of agricultural landscapes. The lack of up-to-date information about the boundaries of individual agricultural fields does not allow us to fully assess the state of arable land and take them into account. The available statistical sources have discrepancies and do not have information about the spatial distribution of used and unused agricultural fields. The purpose of this work is to establish the spatial distribution of cultivated and uncultivated arable lands of the Volgograd region according to remote sensing data. This paper presents the results of mapping the actual boundaries of arable lands of the Volgograd region as of 2021. High-resolution Sentinel-2 and Google Earth PRO data in the geographic information program are used to decrypt arable land. As a result, 6.05 million ha of arable land are mapped. The data are compared with official statistics for 2021, and an excess of 12% is noted in comparison with the results of decryption. It is noted that, over the past 20 years, according to statistical data, the areas of arable land and deposits have practically not changed. When comparing the decryption results with the data on arable lands of the Vega service, a difference of 4% was noted, which is quite high accuracy. According to the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 2016, the area of arable land used was exceeded by 8%. According to the SRTM digital terrain model, morphometric parameters of arable land were calculated throughout the region. It is determined that agricultural fields are located mainly on the slopes of the western exposure (37%), which is due to the predominance of the general slope of the relief to the west. Most (78%) of the field areas are on slopes with a steepness of up to 1°, and about 2% occupy areas of more than 3°. Water erosion is noted on steep slopes. The smoothest relief in the Volga region is on the territory of the Caspian lowland. Using remote methods, the assessment of the areas of fallow lands was carried out: about 960 000 ha. According to various sources, from 4800 to 891 000 ha of unused arable land are noted. The resulting geoinformation basis will make it possible to fully account for and assess the condition of cultivated and uncultivated arable lands, as well as develop projects for the rational use of land resources to increase yields and prevent the degradation of agricultural landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to describe the field methods for studying the impact of the Dniester PSPP natural and technical geosystem (NTGS) on dynamic processes in the environment of its operation. A comprehensive research methodology was used to analyse the field methods for studying the impact of the Dniester PSPP natural and technical geosystem on dynamic processes in the environment of its operation. The initial stage included an analysis of the results of previous scientific studies on the impact of hydraulic engineering facilities on the environment. This made it possible to take into account previous findings and identify existing knowledge in this area. Next, we carried out on-site (field) data collection, which included in-situ measurements and observations directly in the area of the research object. For this purpose, specialised data collection devices were used. Particular attention was paid to the statistical analysis of the data obtained, which allowed us to identify the relationships between various factors that affect the dynamic processes of the environment. In the 21st century, geography is becoming an even more important and responsible science due to the growth of global challenges, such as climate change, environmental management, population migration, and others. An integrated approach allows geographers to look at problems from different perspectives and develop comprehensive solutions. Modern technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS), satellite imagery, remote sensing, etc., provide geographers with new opportunities for collecting, analysing and interpreting data, which helps to solve complex problems more efficiently. An example of the application of an integrated approach in studying the impact of the natural and technical geosystem of the Dniester cascade of HPPs and PSPs on dynamic processes. Scientific novelty. The research in the article allows us to expand the understanding of the specific problem of managing anthropogenic load in a natural and technical system. The analysis of the object being designed as a system containing two most important parts - technical and natural - makes the systems approach not a decoration, but a prerequisite for the work of a natural scientist: geographer, ecologist - an ally, an associate of the designer. Designing, creating an environment that is optimal for human life means designing such systems, structures, and technologies so that they are as closely related to the existing relationships in nature as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented are the technique and results of studying the landscape structure of the north-west of Western Siberia on the basis of the Hansen mosaic dataset consisting of elements covering the entire territory of the Earth. To study this area used a synthesis of classical methods of thematic system mapping as described in the doctrine of geosystems of V. B. Sochava, and automated interpretation of remote sensing data and mapping using GIS technologies. The method of geoinformational mapping of the landscape structure with the use of MultiSpec and Quantum GIS software programs for the purpose of drawing up real-time raster landscape maps is shown. In drawing up the map and the legend, the principle of geomic system-hierarchical representation of the territory as a complex multi-level “bottom-up” structure from topological-level geosystems (groups and classes of landscape facies) to regional-level geosystems (geoms, groups and classes of geoms) was used. Compilation of operational raster landscape maps of the north-west of Western Siberia involved multilevel automated interpretation of the Hansen mosaic dataset and mapping of areas (clusters) on images with different brightness characteristics, with the landscape structure of key areas and stationary physical and geographical profiles. A characteristic of this approach also implies using a dynamic classification of geosystems based on the study of their variable states. Such an approach permits a monitoring of changes in landscape structure and its areas and the intensity of anthropogenic impacts on forest and marsh landscapes, and determination of permissible pressure on geosystems in areas with high technogenic pressure of the oil and gas complex represented by the north-west of Siberia. An automated processing of data based on a supervised classification of territorial objects allows for the elimination of inaccuracies arising in visual image interpretation. Raster landscape maps can be used both for a further generation of vector maps and as a real-time information base for purposes of environmental management and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2012 on the eroded area of the shore of the Kuybyshev water reservoir near Izmeri village in Spassky district, the Republic of Tatarstan. The integrated approach to the study of archaeological sites collapsing under the impact of negative exogenous processes is characterized. It includes landscape and archaeological research methods, the use of field data of the past years, remote sensing and GIS technologies. As a result, the most complete information about the situation in the territory since the creation of the Kuybyshev water reservoir has been collected. Observation sites for annual monitoring studies have been established, which would make it possible to predict the evolution of the hazardous exogenous processes and identify priorities for urgent conservation and rescue archaeological works.

One of the methods of land transformation is linear programming method, which is called the simplex method. Its application allows us quickly and efficiently to build a model of optimal use of land resources and helps to find such combination of the lands, that allows us to obtain the maximum yield in money equivalent with given resources. The application of methods of remote sensing (RS) as spatial information to solve the problems of land management, including land transformation, becomes the most optimal in modern conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]