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1. Paper spray mass spectrometry combined with machine learning as a rapid diagnostic for chronic kidney disease.

Author

Pereira I, Sboto JNS, Robinson JL, and Gill CG

Subjects
Humans, Paper, Albuminuria diagnosis, Albuminuria urine, Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic diagnosis, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic urine, Machine Learning, Mass Spectrometry methods
Abstract

A new analytical method for chronic kidney disease (CKD) detection utilizing paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) combined with machine learning is presented. The analytical protocol is rapid and simple, based on metabolic profile alterations in urine. Anonymized raw urine samples were deposited (10 μL each) onto pointed PS-MS sample strips. Without waiting for the sample to dry, 75 μL of acetonitrile and high voltage were applied to the strips, using high resolution mass spectrometry measurement (15 s per sample) with polarity switching to detect a wide range of metabolites. Random forest machine learning was used to classify the resulting data. The diagnostic performance for the potential diagnosis of CKD was evaluated for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, achieving results >96% for the training data and >91% for validation and test data sets. Metabolites selected by the classification model as up- or down-regulated in healthy or CKD samples were tentatively identified and in agreement with previously reported literature. The potential utilization of this approach to discriminate albuminuria categories (normo, micro, and macroalbuminuria) was also demonstrated. This study indicates that PS-MS combined with machine learning has the potential to be used as a rapid and simple diagnostic tool for CKD.

Published
2024
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2. A novel point-of-care device for blood potassium detection of patients on dialysis: Comparison with a reference method.

Author

Novell M, Rico N, Blondeau P, Blasco M, Maceira A, Bedini JL, Andrade FJ, and Maduell F

Subjects
Equipment Design, Humans, Paper, Reference Standards, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic therapy, Sensitivity and Specificity, Ion-Selective Electrodes, Point-of-Care Testing, Potassium blood, Potentiometry instrumentation, Renal Dialysis, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic blood
Published
2020
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3. Cats with IRIS stage 1 and 2 chronic kidney disease maintain body weight and lean muscle mass when fed food having increased caloric density, and enhanced concentrations of carnitine and essential amino acids

Author

Jean A. Hall, Dale A. Fritsch, Patricia A Burris, Kathy L Gross, and Dennis E. Jewell

Subjects
Male, Paper, kidneys, Calorie, 040301 veterinary sciences, Renal function, Urine, Cat Diseases, 0403 veterinary science, Random Allocation, Animal science, Carnitine, medicine, Animals, Prospective Studies, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, CATS, General Veterinary, business.industry, Muscles, Body Weight, cats, 0402 animal and dairy science, Caloric theory, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, nutrition, Lean body mass, Female, Amino Acids, Essential, business, Energy Intake, Kidney disease, medicine.drug
Abstract

A prospective, randomised, 6-month feeding trial was performed in 28 adult cats with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 1 and 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD). All cats were assigned to either a control food: Royal Canin Renal Support A Feline, dry or a test food: Hill's Prescription Diet k/d Feline with chicken, dry. Food intake was recorded daily; body weight weekly; and serum, urine, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and body condition assessments were performed at 0, 1, 3 and 6 months. Twenty cats (9 control, 11 test group) completed the study according to protocol. Cats consuming control food had significant loss of body weight (n=14; mean, -13.0 per cent, P

Published
2018

4. Tenckhoff Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Insertion in a Northern Ireland District General Hospital

Author

Donna, McCartan, Ronan, Gray, John, Harty, and Geoff, Blake

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Catheter Obstruction, Male, Paper, Northern Ireland, Middle Aged, Hospitals, District, Hospitals, General, Catheterization, Prosthesis Failure, Young Adult, Intestinal Perforation, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Female, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Peritoneal Dialysis, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 5% of the population. Based on 2014 data, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is underutilised in Northern Ireland with a prevalence of only 11% in patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Recent National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines aim to increase the rate of PD utilisation to 39% amongst patients requiring RRT. In order to implement these guidelines, nephrologists must have access to a reliable, effective PD catheter insertion service. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of PD catheter insertions and incident rates of PD use in a single centre in anticipation of a potential increased uptake. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients who underwent PD catheter insertion between April 2003 and October 2011. Case notes were reviewed for demographic information, complications, need for re-intervention, and primary catheter patency at 12 months. The UK Renal Registry annual reports were also reviewed for data on annual uptake of PD in our institution. Results Fifty-four patients underwent PD catheter insertion between 2005 and 2011; 61% were male with a median age of 58 (range 21-82) years. Early complications (≤30 days) included bowel perforation (n=1) and wound infection (n=2). During this study period 17 (31%) patients required manipulation or reinsertion for catheter obstruction/migration. The primary catheter patency at 12 months was 76%. The average uptake of PD as the first treatment modality (incident use) was 21.3% compared to a Northern Ireland (NI) average of 12.4%. Conclusion Complication rates were comparable to the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) guidelines in this case series and PD uptake was higher than the NI average. Therefore, local provision of an expert surgical PD catheter insertion service may potentially facilitate an increased uptake of this modality amongst RRT patients but further research is warranted.

Published
2015