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The increase in the world population and resource scarcity has led to the introduction of environmental concepts such as sustainability and sustainable supply chain design (SSCD). However, there is a lack of consensus among researchers on how to measure sustainability in SSCD. Therefore, the authors propose a novel approach to measuring sustainability in the context of SSCD by developing an integrated, tractable, and representative metrics framework. The methodology corresponds to a quantitative approach involving bibliographic examination and statistical techniques. First, the authors conducted a systematic literature review by formulating research questions and a search protocol, searched for relevant articles, and conducted a quality assessment on full-text reviews to obtain metrics for measuring sustainability in SSCD from the literature. Then, they defined aggregation criteria representing their inclusion relationship by merging associated metrics. The authors then used Cluster Analysis (CA), a multivariate statistical technique, for grouping the metrics. Consequently, twelve clusters were distinguished from 541 research articles, grouping 51 metrics from different sustainability dimensions. It shows the strong connection among the sustainability dimensions, i.e., they must be assessed holistically. Then, we proposed reducing the 51 metrics to 5 to evaluate sustainability in the SSCD, allowing us to focus on a reduced number of indicators.

International audience; Bioeconomy has gained importance during the last decade as a frame of reference for the design and implementation of policies to foster sustainable development and innovation. Considering the need for society to move to forms of production in which generation of wastes and the use of fossil fuels must be minimized or eliminated, Phase III biorefineries (mix feedstock and multiple products) have emerged as a promising and central element in bioeconomy. However, its industrial development has been slower than expected, especially due to investors’ poor perception of technological risk and large investment required. Among the current climate change challenges, the need of methodologies and tools to develop an optimal supply chain for a biorefinery, including all the aspects of sustainability and considering the territorial context of the project is fundamental. The present work proposes a comprehensive decision-making approach for a Phase III biorefinery project, by integrating all the sustainability dimensions. This approach is formalized and solved thanks to a multiobjective optimization model, where sustainability criteria are included in the formulation of objective functions, decision variables and constraints. To illustrate the proposed approach, a case study was developed for the Colombian context. The resulting Pareto fronts shown that biorefineries integrating different types of raw materials, even non-food crops, are economical feasible in North Colombia.

The growing global population and its effects on world food security, as well as the urgency for climate change mitigation, are issues that foster technological, social, and political innovations to increase the efficiency of use of natural resources, such as biomass among others. While significant research efforts have been devoted to biomass conversion processes, their associated supply chains and their implication for complete process efficiency have only been studied more recently. However, most of the recent investigations into the design and optimization of biomass supply chains have focused on an economic point of view, sidelining other dimensions of sustainability, which represents a serious drawback for this kind of work. This article surveys the recent research on design and management optimization of biorefinery supply chains from a sustainability perspective. 72 published research articles from 2006 to 2015 have been analyzed to highlight the sustainability dimensions considered, as well as the inclusion of uncertainties. A typology of decision-making at three levels of analysis (strategic, tactical and operational), and the specific set of tools used to model and optimize the biorefinery supply chain have also been studied. The conclusion underlines the contributions and shortcomings of current research and suggests possible future directions.