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Human development is crucial for a country's prosperity, reflecting its economic growth and social progress. This study examines how using renewable energy can boost human development across 77 countries, including high-income and 33 middle-income, from 2000 to 2019. This paper employs the panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) model to generate appropriate outcomes for the existence of heteroscedasticity, serial correlations, and sectional dependencies (CD). The results reveal a positive link between renewable energy adoption and human development across three dimensions-health, education, and income. This connection holds for various renewable sources like hydropower, solar, and wind energy. Additionally, when the research sample is separated into high- and middle-income nations, we find differing impacts of renewable energy on human development dimensions, such as hydro energy has a negative impact on the income dimension in high-income countries; meanwhile, the solar, wind, and hydro energy are insignificant or less pronounced in middle-income countries. This study highlights the importance of renewable energy for human development but emphasizes the need for tailored approaches considering income levels and specific renewable energy sources. Based on findings, theoretical and practical implications have been proposed to promote the use of renewable energy towards sustainable development goals.

This study examines the effects of globalization on environmental quality, explicitly focusing on the scale, technique, and composition aspects proposed by KOF Swiss Economic Institute. A large sample of 115 developed and developing countries is analyzed to understand how different dimensions of globalization impact environmental degradation at various levels, using the quantile regression method. The results indicate that globalization has a positive effect on emissions at lower and middle quantiles, but at the upper quantiles, the effect becomes negative, based on the distribution of CO2 per capita (CO2PC). Additionally, each dimension of globalization has its influence on emissions: (i) Renewable energy consumption significantly negatively impacts environmental quality across most percentiles, except for the 90th percentile. (ii) Foreign direct investment inflows positively affect environmental quality at lower quantiles but negatively at higher quantiles. (iii) Urbanization initially correlates negatively with environmental degradation at the 50th percentile, but this relationship turns positive at the 75th percentile. Overall, globalization benefits countries facing environmental degradation seriously, while countries maintaining a high quality environment have not benefited much from globalization. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers in developing effective environmental policies considering diverse economic and environmental conditions across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]