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One of the most intricate optimisation problems in power systems is generation scheduling. It determines the schedule and dispatch of electrical power generation to meet the load demand under various technical and operating constraints. Generation scheduling is a vivid problem, particularly in recent years, due to the aggressive integration of renewable energy, with stochastic nature, into power grids. As the literature size has swollen substantially in the past several years, this study critically looks into uncertainty modelling and the formulation of various techniques that were implemented in stochastic optimisation-based generation scheduling. The strengths and weaknesses of existing methods are fully exposed. Market operation policies that significantly affect the scheduling of renewable energy generation in different timescales are elaborated. Potential applications and future trends in terms of modelling, computational performance, and incorporation of flexibility and resilience notions are thoroughly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most intricate optimisation problems in power systems is generation scheduling. It determines the schedule and dispatch of electrical power generation to meet the load demand under various technical and operating constraints. Generation scheduling is a vivid problem, particularly in recent years, due to the aggressive integration of renewable energy, with stochastic nature, into power grids. As the literature size has swollen substantially in the past several years, this study critically looks into uncertainty modelling and the formulation of various techniques that were implemented in stochastic optimisation‐based generation scheduling. The strengths and weaknesses of existing methods are fully exposed. Market operation policies that significantly affect the scheduling of renewable energy generation in different timescales are elaborated. Potential applications and future trends in terms of modelling, computational performance, and incorporation of flexibility and resilience notions are thoroughly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic (PV) farms currently play a vital role in the generation of electrical power in different countries, such as Malaysia, which is moving toward the use of renewable energy. Malaysia is one of the countries with abundant sunlight and thus can use solar PV farms as alternative sources for electricity generation. However, lightning strikes frequently occur in the country. Being installed in open and flat areas, solar PV farms, especially their electronic components, are at great risk of damage caused by lightning. In this paper, the effects of lightning currents with different peak currents and waveshapes on grid-connected solar PV farms were determined to approximate the level of transient effect that can damage solar PV modules, inverters and transformers. Depending on the location of the solar PV farm, engineer can obtain information on the peak current and median current of the site from the lightning location system (LLS) and utilise the results obtained in this study to appropriately assign an SPD to protect the solar panel, inverter and the main panel that connected to the grid. Therefore, the simulation results serve as the basis for controlling the effects of lightning strikes on electrical equipment and power grids where it provides proper justification on the 'where to be installed' and 'what is the rating' of the SPD. This judgment and decision will surely reduce the expensive cost of repair and replacement of electrical equipment damages due to the lightning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By year 2030, the world's energy demand is expected to increase by over 60% of current demand. Thus, the potential of renewable energy should be investigated. Renewable energy is the energy from natural and unnatural available forms including wind, biomass, solar, and waste heat energy generated through various human activities. Solar energy is an available and clean form of renewable energy used as an alternative to fossil fuel in generating energy. However, the maximum extraction of thermal energy from the sun is most challenging. This study focuses on energy generation using the parabolic trough collector (PTC). This review contains geometrical analysis including the thermal approach of the PTC model, heat transfer, and method of enhancing thermal efficiency on the PTC receiver. This paper also includes performance analysis, thermal efficiency, and applications of the solar-powered PTC and the history of PTC evolution. The PTC applications include desalination process, air heating system, power plants, refrigeration, and industrial heating purposes. This paper benefits researcher that focus on the solar-powered PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]