Search

The urgency of addressing climate change has underscored the necessity for implementing a new energy policy. Lately, an increasing number of countries and corporations have initiated the exploration of alternative energy sources to replace fossil fuels. There is a rising interest among individuals in photovoltaic solar panels as a sustainable means of generating electricity. Photovoltaic solar systems, on the other hand, rely significantly on weather conditions. As a result, the electricity generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is unreliable. Harnessing biogas might serve as a captivating alternative for generating electricity. The study presents a proposal for a hybrid power system that combines PV solar panels and biogas. This system regards the PV solar system as the primary system. A forecast of PV production power is calculated using advanced machine-learning techniques. Subsequently, the projected power is juxtaposed with an approximation of the necessary load. If the PV system is unable to provide the necessary power demand, it is advisable to employ a biogas system to achieve a consistent and reliable power supply. Furthermore, this method offers a forecast of the daily waste demand for a reliable electrical grid. High-capacity manufacturing during the winter season is tested using a proposed solution for calculating biogas capacity and waste amount. The study introduces mathematical equations to address the daily biomass requirements of the system and implements an automated control system to oversee operations. The utilization of the proposed equations and control flow chart methodology effectively facilitates the precise quantification of methane generated from beef manure, reducing the margin of error from 12.82% to 8.28%. Additionally, it enables prompt adjustments to optimize equipment performance. This approach assists engineers in streamlining assessments and lays the groundwork for future improvements in design parameters.

As the proportion of renewable energy generation systems increases, traditional power generation facilities begin to face challenges, such as reduced output power and having the power turned off. The challenges are causing changes in the structure of the power system. Renewable energy sources, mainly wind and solar energy cannot provide stable inertia and frequency regulation capability. Ultimately, the power system's emergency response capability to face an N-1 is reduced, which leads to a reduction in system stability. Therefore, the application technology of the battery energy storage system is used to support the impact of changes in the new power system structure. This paper designed control technologies based on the WECC second-generation generic model, namely, dynamic regulation, steady regulation, and virtual inertia regulation. The models and control strategies are verified on Taiwan's 2025 power system target conditions, which consider the expected capacities for battery energy storage systems, and renewable energy sources with different load and N-1 fault levels. According to the simulation results, the capabilities of the RoCoF limitation, frequency nadir, frequency recovery, and system oscillation regulation are evaluated in the proposed strategies. Finally, the analysis results can help power operators make informed decisions when selecting and deploying battery energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed generation (DG) has environmental as well as economic benefits and develops new concepts to make the power network more effective and minimize pollution in the environment. Being the fluctuation behavior of renewable energy sources (RESs), generation, balance, and demand is not an easy task to control because it is not desirable to have a constant power generation from RESs due to natural prospects. As a result, the dynamic stability of power flow and control of frequency is becoming more challenging due to the high penetration impacts of RESs. In this article, we have proposed a control algorithm with two scenarios for a high-penetration/hybrid diesel wind-based energy storage system to maintain the dynamic stability of power flow and control the frequency in the overall power system. The results show, using an integral–derivative (I–D) controller, the transient time of wind power flow and the fluctuation rate of frequency are reduced significantly compared to the prior research of publication. To regulate the network frequency, a storage system (battery) was used to store the excess energy without throwing it to the secondary/dump load (DL) and minimize the wastage of power produced by the wind turbine. The battery was supplied the excess wind power when there is a high load demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of transient operations in hydraulic machinery connected to power grid, notably start-ups and shut-downs, has observed a substantial increase in recent decades, primarily driven by the global shift towards intermittent renewable energy sources. Simultaneously, advancements in MW power converter technology and its cost-effectiveness have altered the operational paradigms of hydropower plants. These transformations offer novel opportunities for asset management within the industry. This study introduces a new method aimed at forecasting stress during start-up procedures, leveraging steady-state measurements acquired from a reduced scale model of the hydraulic turbine. Through a dedicated modular telemetry measurement system and the integration of strain gauges onto the reduced-scale runner blades, a tool is devised to predict dynamic loads characteristic of these transient operations. Utilizing steady-state measurements and a Voronoi cell tessellation, the transient predicted stress signal is constructed by concatenating the information from each encountered cell, thus providing an estimated projection of the stress likely to occur during the sequence. The proposed methodology demonstrates a robust forecast of the stresses on the runner blades during steady-state and transient operations of Francis turbines. Its immediate value lies in the ability to correctly estimate the lifetime of the runner as well as the possible integration into an optimization framework for stress reduction, thereby potentially extending the operational lifespan of the unit, from the runner structure perspectives. • Experimental investigations using a reduced-scale model equipped with embedded sensors. • Methodology for accurately forecasting dynamic loads during diverse transient operations. • Assessing and determining the remaining lifespan of hydraulic machinery through estimation techniques. • Optimization tool for reducing damage induced by transient operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is playing an increasingly important role in modern power systems, and the resulted power/voltage stability issue has raised widespread concern. This paper presents an on-line power/voltage stability index (PVSI) for multi-in-feed HVDC (MIDC) systems. Different from the existing indices which are developed mainly for off-line and static analysis, the proposed PVSI can be applied in real time. Effects of system changes on stability assessment such as change of system states and control strategies are considered. Thus, helpful guidance can be provided for on-line HVDC stability and controls. The PVSI is originally deduced for single-infeed HVDC systems in an “AC way” by analyzing the power and voltage stability of both pure AC systems and HVDC systems. Moreover, its on-line application in practical MIDC systems is realized by building an equivalent single-infeed model, and utilizing nowadays measurement and communication infrastructures such as wide-area measurement system (WAMS). The effectiveness of the PVSI is verified through simulations in real-time digital simulator (RTDS).

With the conversion of the global power economy and energy structure, access to a large amount of renewable energy has led to a decrease in power system inertia. The slight abnormal disturbance in the distribution network may have a significant impact on social and economic development. Aim at enhancing power stability and system resiliency; this study focuses on the detection and location of multiple abnormal sources in the distribution network. Most traditional methods use models relying on precise line parameters, subject to poor adaptability to the distribution network with a large number of nodes, and rapidly changing topology. Therefore, this study proposes a novel random matrix model, driven by monitoring data from phasor measurement units distributed on the overhead transmission lines. In this model, linear shrinkage (LS) theory, and Marchenko–Pastur law are combined for noise reduction to ensure the dynamic character and anti-noise ability. Moreover, data dimensions and sample points may be at the same level in an extensive scale network. The LS and standard condition number rule (SCN) are used for estimating the number of abnormal sources. Finally, the effectiveness of this paper's model is verified in PSCAD. The results indicate that the method has specific dynamic performance and anti-noise ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matching of the colossal energy demand with carbon-free resources originates a global challenge to produce and innovate advanced energy technologies that generate clean and friendly energy supplies without threatening our environment. Nevertheless, with the increase in the penetration from renewable energy resources like solar and wind farms many technical issues are presented typically; power stability, power quality, and frequency fluctuations. The aforementioned problems stem from the intermittent nature of renewable resources which makes the generated power unpredictable and requires controlling and smoothing before dispatching. Conventionally low pass filter (LPF) is used with a controlled energy storage system to smoothen the fluctuated power due to its simplicity, but a delay problem increases with higher values of the filtering the time constant. This study suggests a smoothing controller-based fuzzy logic that determines the value of the filtering time constant based on the present solar power ramp rate to avoid the battery overworking, which results in the predetermined configuration of the LPF. The presented simulation results prove the smoothing performance of the proposed controller and compare its performance to the LPF during clear, normal, and cloudy irradiance profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The presence of electric vehicles (EVs) directly affects the low voltage electric distribution networks. This article depicts the anticipated problems that occurred when it draws power from grid to vehicle in the charging scenario and critically analyze EV as dynamic storage while feeding the power grid in the discharging status (vehicle to grid). The merits and demerits by deploying the mass integration of EVs into the distribution network are comprehensively investigated. Moreover, the challenges of integrating renewable energy resources and deployment of EVs, for the efficient, reliable, and uninterruptible power flow are covered. The future scopes of electric mobility industry including wireless EV charging, vehicle to home, cloud to home charging are also highlighted. This comprehensive review is highly beneficial for the research community and design engineers working in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a multi-energy complementary power generation system is a viable way to encourage the use of renewable energy and decarbonize power generation. However, the intermittent nature of renewable power generation, such as photovoltaic and wind power, has prompted concerns regarding power grid stability. To balance such fluctuations, energy storage systems or other flexible power generation technologies should be integrated. In this paper, the peak regulation ability of integrated solar combined-cycle has been enhanced via employing a gas/oil exchanger between the top and bottom cycle. When integrating high penetration intermittent renewable energy, an appropriate operational strategy towards high-quality steady power output regulation is proposed. Dynamic performance analysis of the system, coupled characteristic of heat and mass transfer between subsystems have been highlighted. The case study demonstrates that fluctuations of the multi-energy complementary system power output can be controlled below 0.3 MW without renewable energy curtailment, even though wind-PV power generation fluctuates from 0.3 MW to 26.1 MW with variations per second reaching −2.8/3.7 MW. Furthermore, the system's levelized cost of electricity is down to 0.0512 $/kWh, which is cost-competitive with conventional power generation technologies. • Combination of integrated solar combined cycle with wind and PV power plant. • Power stability of system with high penetration intermittent energy. • Novel system configuration and operation strategy. • Deviations from target power output below 0.3 MW per second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising demand, climate change, growing fuel costs, outdated power system infrastructures, and new power generation technologies have made renewable distribution generators very attractive in recent years. Because of the increasing penetration level of renewable energy sources in addition to the growth of new electrical demand sectors, such as electrical vehicles, the power system may face serious problems and challenges in the near future. A revolutionary new power grid system, called smart grid, has been developed as a solution to these problems. The smart grid, equipped with modern communication and computation infrastructures, can coordinate different parts of the power system to enhance energy efficiency, reliability, and quality, while decreasing the energy cost. Since conventional distribution networks lack smart infrastructures, much research has been recently done in the distribution part of the smart grid, called smart distribution grid (SDG). This paper surveys contemporary literature in SDG from the perspective of the electricity market in addition to power system considerations. For this purpose, this paper reviews current demand side management methods, supply side management methods, and electrical vehicle charging and discharging techniques in SDG and also discusses their drawbacks. We also present future research directions to tackle new and existing challenges in the SDG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing complexity of the conventional grid due to population growth, advancement in technology, and infrastructures are the factors that contribute immensely to instability, insecurity, and inefficiency of the use of electrical energy. To overcome the problems, the environmental energy sustainability calls for the use of renewable energy for sustainability of power supply. Intermittency and fluctuation of the renewable energy is a great challenge on the smart grid. This paper reveal the potential challenges of renewable energy on the smart grid and proffer solution with the application of high voltage DC (HVDC) and Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. The functions and advantages of FACTS devices are presented in this paper. Voltage control and stability control with FACTS application are also discussed because FACTS has fast controllability and capability to exchange active and reactive power independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major changes in the technologies of power generation and distribution systems have been introduced in recent years due to concern over rapid climate change. Therefore, disturbances in the large-scale generation, transmission, and distribution of energy are expected to occur in the near future. This is due to the difficulty in controlling the transmission and distribution of energy produced from renewable energy sources (RESs), caused by the instability of these sources and the intermittent nature of their energy. As a result, maintaining the dynamic stability of wind power flow and control of the network frequency is becoming more challenging due to the high penetration impacts of RESs. In this paper, a control algorithm using the power-sharing method is proposed for a wind-based energy storage system to maintain the dynamic stability of wind power flow and control of frequency in the power network. To maintain the network stability, a storage system (battery) was installed to store the excess wind power without throwing it into the Secondary/Dump Load (SL) and minimize losses in power generated by the wind turbine. The results show, the transient time of wind power flow and the fluctuation rate of frequency are reduced significantly using a Fuzzy Logic (FL) controller compared to the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]