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Background: Music listening can be easily implemented as a safe, low‐cost, and non‐invasive intervention. Aims: We assessed the effectiveness of music listening on sleep quality, psychological outcomes, and physiological outcomes for critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Study design: It is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Twelve electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2022. Inclusion criteria were randomized and quasi‐experimental trials that assessed the effect of music listening during ICUs, excluding those receiving music therapy. The outcome indicators were sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and physiological outcomes. We assessed the quality of the included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and performed a meta‐analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. Standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) were used as measures of effect and the results were presented as SMD or MD with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 1585 titles and abstracts were identified, in which 29 studies were included in the systematic review, which evaluated 2198 subjects, including 1106 in control groups and 1092 in intervention groups. Compared with control groups, music listening improved sleep quality (SMD: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.49–1.38]), anxiety (SMD: −1.12 [−1.55 to −0.69]), depression (SMD: −1.08 [−1.62 to −0.55]), and physiological parameters. Subgroup analysis revealed that music listening produced better results in improving sleep quality in studies of non‐surgical patients, in studies in which researchers selected the type of music, in studies with longer intervention duration (>45 to ≤60 min), and in studies that used the Richards‐Campbell sleep questionnaire. Bias risk was moderate in all of the included studies. Conclusions: Music listening can improve sleep quality, anxiety, and depression in critically ill patients. However, high‐quality trials are still needed to determine the role of music listening in critical care in more depth. Relevance to clinical practice: Music listening is an inexpensive and easy‐to‐administer intervention that is unlikely to have adverse effects, in contrast to many sedative and analgestic drugs. It deserves widespread use in critically ill patients. Registration: The present study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019147202. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is responsible for hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and the accumulation of collagen that occurs in hepatic fibrogenesis. Carvedilol has been widely used for the complication of hepatic cirrhosis in the clinic. Furthermore, it has powerful antioxidant properties. We assessed the potential antifibrotic effects of carvedilol and the underlying mechanisms that may further enhance its clinical benefits. Methods. Using a bile duct ligation rat model of hepatic fibrosis, we studied the effects of carvedilol on the fibrosis, collagen deposition, and oxidative stress based on histology, immunohistochemistry, western blot, and RT-PCR analyses. Results. Carvedilol attenuated liver fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced hydroxyproline content and the accumulation of collagen, downregulated TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, and upregulated MMP-13. MMP-2 was an exception, which was decreased after carvedilol treatment for 2 weeks and upregulated after carvedilol treatment for 4 weeks. Carvedilol reduced the activation of HSCs, decreased the induction of collagen, transforming growth factor-β1, and MDA content, and strengthened the SOD activity. The antifibrotic effects were augmented as dosages increased. Conclusions. The study indicates that carvedilol attenuated hepatic fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner. It can decrease collagen accumulation and HSCs activation by the amelioration of oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]