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Background & aim: Considering the widespread psychological effects caused by the spread of COVID-19 in societies, there is strong evidence that the treatment staff of hospitals, due to their jobs, are prone to the occurrence of many psychological disorders, such as reducing self-efficacy, resilience, mental health, and sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on self-efficacy, resilience, mental health and sleep disorders of treatment staff involved in the care of patients with COVID-19. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental along with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The sample consisted of 30 medical staff involved in the care of patients with Covid-19 in Shahid Modares Hospital in Tehran who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy sessions were held individually in eight sessions (each lasting for 120 minutes) and one session per week. Results: Findings show that cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy had an effect on self-efficacy (F = 13.15, P<0.001), resilience (F = 19.59, P<0.001), mental health (F = 25.35, P<0.001) and sleep disorders (F = 98.43, P<0.001) in the treatment staff involved in the care of patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: According to findings it can be concluded that this method can be used to treat disorders of the medical staff in the cases of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Recognition of the factors associated with drug abuse in students can have a significant impact on the prevention of their tendency towards substance abuse. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship of the tendency towards substance abuse with spiritual and psychological well-being in students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed on undergraduate and doctoral students (n=1759) of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2016-17. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula and was estimated at 315 subjects who were selected through the random sampling method. The data were collected using a substance abuse questionnaire which was based on Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2, psychological well-being questionnaire by Reef, and spiritual well-being questionnaire by Paloutzian and Ellison. Out of 315 distributed questionnaires, 295 questionnaires were completely filled and returned. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression tests. Results: According to the findings, there was a significant relationship between the variable of total spiritual well-being and the tendency towards substance abuse and the components of addiction potential and acknowledgment (P<0.05). Moreover, it was confirmed that there was a relationship between personal growth and addiction acknowledgment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the component of self-acceptance had a correlation with the tendency towards substance abuse and addiction acknowledgment (P<0.05). Besides, spiritual well-being, religious well-being, and the component of self-acceptance can predict and explain the variable of the tendency towards substance abuse to 26%, 19.9%, and 18%, respectively. In addition, the two components of personal growth and self-acceptance were able to explain the addiction acknowledgment to 19.6% and 18.4%. Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded that self-acceptance and spiritual well-being are predictors of the tendency towards substance abuse in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The exact anus reconstruction is critical in patients with imperforated anus. It is related to the correct diagnosis of sphincter complex. Objectives: The aim of this study was accurate investigation of the perineal region for ultrasound detection of the location and pathway of sphincter muscle complex. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Transperineal sonography was done in ten patients (6 - 12 week age, 8 males and 2 females) with imperforate anus. Results: The shortest distance between the rectal pouch and skin was 8 to 20 mm, but the distance between the rectal pouch and skin via the anal sphincter path was longer (11 to 23 mm). The multi-layer view of anal pit was seen in all patients except one. It had a curved and occasionally parasagittal path and it is more eccentric than the muscle complex. Thickness of the anal muscle sphincter complex could be seen in all patients with 2 - 3.6 mm, occasionally asymmetric. Conclusion: The multi-layer view of anal pit and the anal sphincter complex are the two important sonographic findings that can better differentiate the level of anal malformation and act as an indicator for the location of pull through procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]