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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este trabalho relata uma caracterização completa de bagaço de laranja. O processamento da laranja para extração do suco gera o bagaço como resíduo agroindustrial que representa cerca de 50 % do volume total do fruto, composto por casca, semente e polpa. Seu uso, atualmente, consiste em aplicações de baixo valor agregado, como queima e adição à ração animal. O setor de energia renovável tem crescido em volume e importância nos últimos anos, por isso, é fundamental que o setor traga valor agregado e melhores usos para os resíduos industriais. O primeiro passo para isso é conhecer a composição desse resíduo que muitas vezes está sendo queimado em sua totalidade. Neste trabalho, análises químicas foram realizadas utilizando padrões TAPPI e NREL específicos para materiais lignocelulósicos e mostraram que o resíduo de laranja contém, em massa seca, 2,9 ± 0,2 % de cinzas, 12,3 ± 0,9 % de umidade, 37,3 ± 0,9 % de extrativos em água (o melhor solvente testado), 38,5± 2,0 % de holocelulose, 33,1 ± 1,5 % de celulose, 5,4 ± 2,0 % de hemicelulose e 2,9 ± 0,5 % de lignina. A composição química permite o aproveitamento do material lignocelulósico e da lignina do bagaço, das proteínas e do óleo essencial das cascas, proporcionando um aproveitamento com maior valor agregado aos resíduos, com benefícios econômicos e ambientais. Para isso, essa caracterização completa do material é essencial.

A laranja, uma fruta popular, gera grandes quantidades de resíduos, com metade descartada como bagaço após a extração do suco, contribuindo para os 110-120 milhões de toneladas de resíduos cítricos anualmente, e criando desafios ambientais, especialmente em relação à poluição do solo e da água. Sendo assim, este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a bioconversão utilizando larvas de Hermetia illucens (BSFL) alimentadas com bagaço de laranja, analisando a eficácia do processo e a qualidade nutricional das larvas resultantes. Testes preliminares demonstraram que o bagaço de laranja puro não oferece o aporte nutricional necessário para o desenvolvimento da BSFL. Com isso, as dietas foram complementadas com resíduo farináceo e definidas com base em diferentes concentrações do bagaço de laranja: LA25 (25% de bagaço, 75% de resíduo farináceo), LA50 (50% de bagaço, 50% de resíduo farináceo), LA75 (75% de bagaço, 25% de resíduo farináceo) e LA0 (100% de resíduo farináceo). Foram avaliados o desempenho larval, o desenvolvimento em bioconversão e a qualidade nutricional da BSFL. Os resultados mostraram que a BSFL pode efetivamente converter bagaço de laranja, aproveitar seus nutrientes e, portanto, reduzir seu potencial poluente. De forma geral, utilizando somente o bagaço de laranja puro, não houve crescimento larval, embora níveis crescentes de inclusão do resíduo farináceo tenha alterado parâmetros de desenvolvimento e de bioconversão, bem como a qualidade nutricional da BSFL (p≤0,05). Assim, observou-se que a inclusão de 25% do resíduo farináceo (LA75) melhorou o desempenho global da BSFL (p≤0,05), propiciando tambéma valoração deste resíduo em relação a todos os parâmetros avaliados.

En los últimos años, los subproductos agrícolas han sido objeto de continuas investigaciones para encontrar formas de solucionar los problemas ambientales que estos generan, y esta investigación tiene como objetivo contribuir a esta tarea mediante el uso de residuos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) para la obtención de nanocelulosa utilizando un método bioquímico; el cual consistió en recolectar la cascarilla y someterla a un tratamiento con NaOH (5%, 10%, 15%) y 4 tamaños de tamices (4, 2, 0.6 y 0.3 mm). Continuando con un blanqueo usando NaClO al 1% y un pretratamiento con HCl al 0.65%. Ya obtenida la biomasa de celulosa se procesó con dos enzimas: D-(+) celobiosa (SIGMA-ALDRICH) y la enzima endoglucanasa (SIGMA-ALDRICH) en un buffer con un rango de pH 4-5 durante 72 h, al término se neutralizó con agua destilada para proceder hacer sonicación, diálisis y centrifugación, por último, se secó y se caracterizó lo obtenido por SEM, FTIR, TEM, DSC y XDR. La caracterización del producto de la síntesis, evidencía que se obtuvo nanocelulosa a partir de la hidrólisis con el complejo enzimático propuesto, lo que representa una alternativa de reutilización del residuo contaminante para el estado de Morelos, México.

La industria cacaotera genera elevados volúmenes de subproductos y residuos que pudieran tener un valor agregado, entre los que se encuentran las cascarillas de las semillas de cacao, pero que no son aprovechados y pueden generar problemas ambientales. De allí que el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las propiedades fisicoquímicas de un abono orgánico preparado a partir de cascarillas de cacao, usando la metodología tipo Bocashi. Inicialmente, se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica de la cascarilla y se formularon cuatro tratamientos, con cuatro repeticiones cada uno, con diferentes proporciones de cascarilla (0, 25, 50 y 75 % p/p). Las pilas de abono formadas para el desarrollo del compostaje, fueron monitoreadas durante 15 días. El mejor tratamiento obtenido fue T4, en el que se usó la mayor cantidad de cascarilla, registrándose la mayor concentración de nitrógeno (1,23 % p/p) y la menor relación C/N (27/1). El resto de los tratamientos mostraron contenidos de fósforo y potasio mayores, pero con elevadas relaciones C/N (de 34 a 59), indicando que el proceso de compostaje no alcanzó la estabilidad en el tiempo evaluado. Finalmente, se concluye que se puede obtener un abono orgánico a base de cascarilla de cacao, que presente características tanto físicas como químicas que puedan ser aprovechadas como enmiendas en suelos.

Com a crescente demanda por produtos derivados do coco, a cocoicultura mundial tem apresentado grande crescimento. Por conseguinte, aumenta também a quantidade de resíduos provenientes dessa indústria: as cascas do coco. A problemática dos resíduos do coco acontece porque as cascas levam em média 12 anos para se decomporem e, por apresentarem enorme volume, diminuem a vida útil de aterros sanitários e lixões, além de se tornarem potenciais criadouros para insetos transmissores de doenças. Tendo em vista que todas as fibras vegetais possuem potencialidades para a produção de papel, o presente trabalho objetivou desenvolver um papel feito a partir da fibra presente nas cascas do coco. Por meio de dois diferentes tratamentos, foi possível observar que o papel produzido a partir do processo químico de Kraft apresentou melhor rendimento, com boa flexibilidade e fácil clareamento em contato com alvejante, ao contrário do papel produzido sem aditivos químicos. A partir desses resultados, criou-se uma cartilha educativa sobre a problemática dos resíduos do coco, com a metodologia química de Kraft para desenvolvimento do papel, como sugestão de aplicação em cooperativas de reciclagem e em projetos de extensão de cursos.

Organic substrates are a promising alternative in the production of forest seedlings considering socio-environmental aspects. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the initial growth of paricá seedlings in substrates formed by organic residue açaí stone (C.A.) with and without mineral fertilizers (N-P-K). The experiment was set up in block design with a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four proportions of C.A. (0%, 10%, 20% and 40%) and two conditions of mineral fertilization (presence - C/NPK or absence - S/NPK), with five repetitions. Five biweekly evaluations of morphological parameters were performed and, after 60 days, the final evaluation of the variables: dry biomass of the aerial part and root, Dickson quality index (DQI), and the concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The seedlings showed quadratic behavior in the increase of diameter, height and number of leaves with the best results obtained in the treatments with 0% C.A. C/NPK and 0%, 10% and 20% C.A. S/NPK. Sixty days after transplanting, the best results were observed in the treatments with 0%, 10% and 20% C.A. S/NPK and 0% C.A. C/NPK for morphological variables. Such results were similar for biomass variables and pigment content, except for the 20% C.A. S/NPK treatment for b and total chlorophyll. Based on the IQD, with fertilization the use of C.A. is not recommended. Without fertilization a proportion of 19% of C.A. is recommended for the production of paricá seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el potencial de mineralización de nitrógeno (N) de suelos contrastantes luego del aporte de diferentes dosis de cascaras de semillas de girasol (CG) (Helianthus annuus L.), residuo abundante del sudoeste bonaerense (SOB). Se realizaron incubaciones aeróbicas de largo plazo (37 semanas), utilizando tres suelos diferentes (0-20 cm) y distintas dosis de CG calculadas con base en su contenido de N orgánico: 100 (D1), 200 (D2) y 400 (D3) kg N ha-1. Los suelos contrastaron en el contenido de fracciones granulométricas (S1: arena 509 g kg-1; limo 320 g kg-1 y arcilla 171 g kg-1; S2: arena 351 g kg-1; limo 448 g kg-1 y arcilla 201 g kg-1; S3: arena 827 g kg-1, limo 107 g kg-1 y arcilla 66 g kg-1). Las características químicas de CG: conductividad eléctrica= 1,6 dS m-1; pH= 5,6; materia orgánica (MO) = 958 g kg-1; N total= 7,8 g kg-1, relación C:N= 79. Los suelos demostraron diferencias significativas en el N potencialmente mineralizable (N0) con valores que fueron S1>S2>S3, al igual que en la tasa de mineralización (k) (S1 y S3= 0,0036 semana-1, S2=0,0056 semana-1). Se halló una interacción significativa en los aportes de CG y suelos, por lo que se analizó la incorporación en cada suelo. Cuando se aplicó CG, se observó una respuesta positiva sobre S3 con D1 y D2. Para S1 y S2, la aplicación de CG no aumentó el N0, aunque tampoco produjo un detrimento. La dinámica de la mineralización de N acumulada demostró efectos diferentes al aporte de CG con respecto al tipo de suelo. El aporte de CG al suelo incrementó el potencial de mineralización de N en el suelo arenoso-franco, sin disminuir el potencial en los suelos restantes, por lo que podría ser utilizada como enmienda orgánica bajo estas condiciones.

Background: Although it is possible to preserve the aerial part of cassava in the form of silage, as demonstrated in previous studies, its low dry matter content can result in undesirable fermentation and increased effluent losses during silage, leading to a reduction in the final quality of the silage. A possible way to get around this problem would consist in mixing this silage with dehydrated by-products from the agroindustry. Objective: To evaluate the addition of dehydrated grape marc (DGM) to a silage of aerial parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) on the chemical composition, degradability and in vitro gas production of silage. Methods: A completely randomized experimental design was used, with two treatments: (I) silage of the aerial part of cassava without additive; (II) silage of the aerial part of cassava added with 10% dehydrated grape marc (DGM) in the natural matter, as an additive. After 30 days of fermentation, silages were evaluated to estimate the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), as well as pH, in vitro degradability, and cumulative gas production by semi-automatic in vitro gas production. Results: Addition of DGM did not affect CP, EE, NDF, nor TDN levels in silage. The DGM, however, promoted an increase in DM content (32.61 vs 30.31%) and a reduction in pH (4.00 vs 4.75) of the silage. The silage that received DGM presented higher degradability coefficients of soluble and potentially degradable fractions, which led to higher values of potential and effective degradability. Similarly, DGM promoted a reduction in particle colonization time (6.74 vs 10.01 h) and increased cumulative gas production (62.03 vs 57.82 mL/g DM). Conclusion: Addition of 10% dehydrated grape marc in the silage of aerial parts of cassava can be useful to reduce pH and increase dry matter contents of the silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: King grass (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone, syn. Pennisetum purpuphoides) and pineapple peel (Ananas comosus) silages are food alternatives for livestock in conditions of feed shortage. Objective: To describe the dynamics of the microbiota present in king grass and pineapple silage during the fermentation process using next generation sequencing (NGS) and to evaluate the protective effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei_6714 as a silage inoculum against Listeria monocytogenes. Methods: We used an unrestricted randomized design to characterize the microbiota present in silages made from king grass harvested 70 days after regrowth and pineapple peel. We inoculated mixtures of grass and peel with L. paracasei_6714 or L. monocytogenes, or both, with a non-inoculated treatment as control. The nutritional and fermentative profile was evaluated after 30 days. After 15 and 30 days of fermentation, we used 16S rRNA analysis to determine the dynamics and diversity of the microbiota in the inoculated and control silages. Result: Dry matter content and digestibility did not differ significantly; however, there were differences in crude protein, pH and organic acids. We obtained 4432 amplicon sequence variants of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacterioidetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes and Patescibacteria. The relative abundance of each phylum varied depending on the material and fermentation period. Phylum similarity was over 70 % (but not greater than 50 % with Bray-Curtis at the species level). Conclusion: These bacterial communities seem to have an important role during silage fermentation. Proper management of silage processing can reduce or eliminate pathogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad del Zulia is the property of Facultad de Ingenieria de la Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista FAVE is the property of Universidad Nacional del Litoral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dry rot disease caused by the plant-parasitic nematodes Scutellonema bradys, Pratylenchus coffeae, and P. brachyurus limits yam (Dioscorea spp.) yield in Brazil. As a result, the development of strategies to reduce agricultural losses caused by these plant-parasitic nematodes is required. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cassava wastewater (manipueira) on the management of dry rot under two growing conditions (without or with supplemental irrigation) and on soil chemical characteristics. The following treatments were considered: manipueira concentrations diluted in water (10, 25, and 50%), volume of applications (3, 5, and 7 L/m on beds), and soil application timing (30 and 120 days after planting); an untreated control was also included. Five months after planting, soil samples from each plot were collected to evaluate soil fertility. At harvest, disease incidence, nematode population densities in soil and crop yield were evaluated. In both experiments, there was no significant interaction between manipueira concentration and volume. An effect only of manipueira volume on the measured variables was observed. In the non-irrigated trial, the application of manipueira to soil reduced disease incidence and nematode population densities and increased fresh weight of yam tubers. In the irrigated trial, a positive effect was observed only at a volume of 5 L/m. In this treatment, total nematode population density was inversely related with soil Ca (r = -0.67, P < 0.017) and nematode incidence with soil Ca and Mg content (r = -0.71, P < 0.012). The volume of 5 L/m manipueira might be suitable for nematode management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research study was to develop a bilayer active biocomposite (BA) from cassava bran, fique, and glycerol with a coating of polylactic acid (PLA) and nisaplin® that would allow its implementation in high humidity food matrices. Mechanical and thermal properties, water absorption, and antimicrobial effect on Escherichia coli were evaluated. A one-factorial completely randomized experimental design was performed with four concentrations of nisin. The flexural test revealed that the addition of PLA and nisin had no significant effect on stress or flexural modulus. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) resulted in two endothermic peaks, one exothermic peak, and one glass transition peak. The BA's water absorption test had a percentage of 35%. It is concluded that the BA had no inhibitory effect on E. coli, but showed promissory potential for its application in high humidity foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The fruit processing industries generate a large amount of residual biomass that could be reused. Considering the high volume of residues produced by the disposal of avocado seeds and highlighting the high content of bioactive compounds. Aim: To evaluate the centesimal composition of avocado seed flour and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of its extracts. Methodology: The extracts were obtained by macerating the avocado seed flour dehydrated at different temperatures (4,25 and 60 °C) using n-hexane and ethanol as solvents. Results: The flour is an excellent source of carbohydrates, with a high content of fibers, proteins and minerals (N, K, Mg and Ca, among others). The extraction temperature has influence in the yield and the content of total phenols, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts. The ethanolic extracts obtained at 60 °C showed high yield (18%) and content of total phenolic compounds (~840 mg GAE/g). In addition, ethanol extracts showed high antioxidant activity (IC50= 0.013 mg/mL and 0.018 mg/mL) at lower extraction temperatures, 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Hexanoic extract obtained at 4 °C, on the other hand, showed greater antimicrobial activity for the four tested bacteria (L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. choleraesuis and E. coli). Conclusion: The flour obtained from avocado seeds has a high biological value and can be used as supplements in human food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to treat dairy sludge through composting, using the combination of natural resources available in the company itself, with regard to the parameters temperature, pH, humidity, C/N ratio and volume and weight. Seven treatments consisting of pure dairy sludge and mixtures of sludge with other residues (bovine manure, grass pruning and boiler ash) were evaluated. For this, a completely randomized design was used, with seven treatments and three replications. Over 123 days of evaluation, the variation in temperature in the compounds remains only in the mesophilic phase. At the end of monitoring, the Ph values were 5.14; 7.16; 9.60; 7.54; 9.96; 10.06 and 9.91 for treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7, respectively. Regarding the moisture of the treatments, with the exception of T1, the evaluated treatments presented values close to those considered adequate for composting. In turn, T4 had a better C/N ratio than the other treatments (7.75). Among the final compounds, it was found that treatments 1 and 4, there were greater reductions in volume (62% and 58.18%) and weight (52.45% and 51.33%) respectively. It is concluded that of the compounds produced with dairy sludge and their combinations, T4 is responsible for the best results in terms of weight and volume reduction, pH, moisture content and C/N ratio. The addition of grass to dairy sludge is recommended as the most suitable technique for reducing and adjusting these parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cientifica is the property of Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa e Extensao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com resíduo de cervejaria desidratado (RCD). Foram utilizados 35 cordeiros, machos, não castrados, com peso médio inicial de 16,00±1,69kg e, aproximadamente, 70 dias de idade. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições, consistindo os tratamentos em: 0; 20; 40; 60 e 80% de inclusão de RCD na porção concentrada da ração. A inclusão de RCD na ração não influenciou o tempo de alimentação (TAL; h/dia) e a eficiência de alimentação (gFDN/h; P>0,05). O TAL obtido neste estudo apresentou valor médio de 4,90h/dia. Observou-se efeito linear decrescente (P

The use of agro-industrial waste may represent an alternative to reduce the costs of purchasing commercial substrates by producers of passion fruit seedlings, and carnaúba palm bagana is an alternative for the Northeastern Brazilian region. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings in substrates based on carnaúba bagana in different proportions with soil. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Agrometeorological Station of Fortaleza, Pici Campus, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil, in a completely randomized design, whose treatments consisted of substrates formulated from the combination of different proportions of carnaúba bagana (CB) and soil: Soil (100%) + CB (0%); Soil (75%) + CB (25%); Soil (50%) + CB (50%); Soil (25%) + CB (75%); and Soil (0%) + CB (100%). The presence of CB, regardless of its proportion in the substrate, leads to the best results in photosynthesis and Dickson quality index (DQI) in yellow passion fruit seedlings. The best morphological responses were obtained with CB proportions greater than 50%, which also led to greater accumulation of nutrients in the shoots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peels of the banana (Musa paradisíaca) make up, on an average, 40% of the total weight of fresh fruit. They are rich in bioactive compounds featuring antioxidant properties. The physical and chemical properties of banana peels in natura are analyzed to evaluate the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of natural extracts obtained from banana peels and the influence of different solvents and the solidsolvent ratio after extraction. Moisture, proteins, ether extract, ash and sugars were evaluated for physicochemical characterization. TAA was determined by the spectrophotometric method of reduction of the phosphomolibdic compound. Prime matter showed high protein content (7.30 % b.s.) and high amounts of reducing sugars (43.01 % b.s.). In all conditions, extracts obtained by hydroalcoholic macerated had higher TAA when compared with aqueous extracts. Highest TAA rate was 17.42 (mg of ascorbic acid/mL of extract), obtained by solid-solvent ratio (1:1). In the case of the two solvents, only the variable sample mass had a significant and positive effect. Results reveal that banana peels are cheap wastes with a great potential for the production of extracts with biological activity. They may be applied as natural antioxidant agents in various products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In order to explore the nutritional and bioactive characteristics of the olive leaf, the study aimed to evaluate the biological potential of olive leaves by analyzing the effect of leaf extract on the glycemic and lipid profile of Wistar rats subjected to a hyperlipidic diet . Methodology: The experiment lasted 70 days; animals were divided and randomly distributed into 4 groups of 6 rats each, being N: normocaloric diet + water; H: hyperlipidic diet + water; NE: normocaloric diet + extract; and HE: hyperlipidic diet + extract. At the end of the experiment the effect of the aqueous extract of olive leaves on glycemia, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation were determined in rats. Results: The consumption of olive leaf extract by rats promoted changes in lipid profile and beneficial effect on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. Conclusions: Due to their chemical composition, rich in nutrients and compounds with bioactive properties, in addition to its considerable antioxidant and biological activities, olive leaves can be an option as a food supplement with biological properties. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.37273

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agro-industrial wastes are of great interest because they are important natural sources of bioactive compounds and can generate value-added byproducts. Recent studies have shown that byproducts generated by the food processing industry are rich in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, organic acids, and carotenoids, among others. The growing interest in replacing synthetic antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds with natural ones has stimulated a search for these bioactive compounds from plant sources, especially from fruitprocessing wastes. The study aims to project the agro-industrial wastes as potential natural sources of antioxidants and antimicrobials and the feasible technological applications in food and fermentation industries, especially the bioethanol industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities of two strains of Trichoderma viride, one of Trichoderma reesei and one of Trichoderma harzianum grown on four different substrates. Each substrate contained 20% wheat bran and 80% agro-industrial waste (corn stover (CS), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), Yucca schidigera fiber (YS), or compost elaborated from solid waste generated in the university cafeteria (CSW)). An interaction (P < 0.01) between the substrate and strain was detected for both cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme activities. The highest cellulolytic activity (P < 0.01) was obtained with T. reesei grown on YS, CS, and SBC, and the lowest was from the two T. viride strains grown on most of the substrates. The highest xylanolytic activities (P < 0.01) were detected for T. harzianum with YS and SCB and T. reesei with CSW and CS, while one T. viride strain exhibited intermediate and the other showed the lowest activity. In conclusion, T. reesei CDBB356 showed the highest fibrolytic activity for most of the tested substrates, a finding that suggests it has the highest potential for fibrolytic enzyme production. There is a potential application for T. reesei CDBB356 enzymes on ruminant feed supplements to improve forage digestibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empty fruit bunches (EFBs) are an agro-industrial residue discarded in the environment when the fresh palm fruits are removed for oil extraction. EFBs are abundant in palm-oil-producing countries and cause environmental problems. Besides their content in lignocellulosic, EFBs also contain amounts of residual lipids from the separation process. Because the palm fruit has two main types of oil from the pulp (palm oil) or the seeds (kernal oil), the residual EFBs lipids may have different compositions. Thus, this work aimed at characterizing the lignocellulosic content and the residual lipids in two EFBs from different palm oil producers. The EFBs were classified as Type 1 and Type 2 according to their source. The results showed that Type 1 EFBs had higher lignocellulosic and fatty acid compositions, similar to palm and kernel oils, while Type 2 EFBs had lower lignocellulosic content and fatty acid composition, similar to palm oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increasing production of food in the world with consequent increase of the production of waste, the importance of developing researches for its use is noticed. Thus, the interest in vegetable oils with bioactive compounds, such as the ones extracted from fruit seeds, is growing. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the oils extracted from seeds of Hamlin, Natal, Pera-rio and Valencia orange varieties (Citrus sinensis), as to the levels of total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, tocopherols and phytosterols, as well as to determine their antioxidant activity. The orange seed oils presented important content of total carotenoids (19.01 mg/kg), total phenolic compounds (4.43 g/kg), α-tocopherol (135.65 mg/kg) and phytosterols (1304.2 mg/kg). The antioxidant activity ranged from 56.0% (Natal) to 70.2% (Pera-rio). According to the results it is possible to conclude that the orange seed oils can be used as specialty oils in diet, since they contain considerable amounts of bioactive compounds and antioxidants.

Neste estudo avaliou-se o efeito do extrato aquoso do subproduto da indústria vinícola (SIV) sobre a eclosão e mortalidade de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de Meloidogyne javanica, e o efeito do SIV incorporado ao solo sobre a eclosão e viabilidade dos J2 no solo. O extrato aquoso do SIV reduziu a eclosão e matou os J2 de M. javanica e, quando incorporado ao solo, o resíduo orgânico reduziu a eclosão e viabilidade dos J2 do nemátode. Ácido gálico, ácido cafeico, ácido ferúlico, ácido p-cumárico e trans-resveratrol foram os compostos fenólicos identificados no extrato aquoso do SIV por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). O subproduto da indústria vinícola possui ação nematicida contra M. javanica e é possível que a aplicação desse resíduo no solo possa ser uma estratégia adicional para o controlo do patogénio.

The aim of this work was to develop, to perform the chemical characterization and verify the acceptability of a semi skim yogurt added with whey protein concentrate (WPC 35 %), and compare it to traditional yogurt, without adding any protein source. For this, two formulations were prepared: 1- traditional semi skim and 2: semi skim added with WPC 35 %, with subsequent evaluation of physicochemical characteristics of acidity, pH and viscosity, as well as the compositional analysis of the levels of humidity, full solids, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrates for both formulations. The sensory analysis was performed with 80 untrained tasters, which was based on parameters of appearance, taste, flavor and consistency. The appearance and consistency parameters showed a significant difference between received grades, and the yogurt added with WPC 35 % the most preferred these aspects, as well as the formulation with the highest widespread acceptance among testers. The results indicate that the use of WPC 35 % in foods is a promising alternative, considering the overall acceptance obtained, the protein content beneficial to the consumers health, the improvement of technological properties provided to food coupled to the extent which it is produced, low cost and reducing the damage caused to the environment.

Activated carbon is used like adsorbent in removing gaseous and liquid pollutants besides purification and chemical recovery. However, its production has a high cost and has sought alternative precursors materials such as coffee grounds. The objective of this study was to determine the removal of caffeine in aqueous solution using activated carbon produced from coffee grounds by adsorption. The coffee grounds was impregnated with ZnCl2 and activated in aluminum capsules where it was used alcohol cotton and put fire to consume the oxygen inside. The adsorption test was performed with concentration of caffeine of 25 mg/L, 0.5 g of activated carbon in 100 mL samples, leaving the suspension under stirring for 120 minutes, in acid, neutral and basic pH. The pH range which obtained better removal was the neutral, removing 99.04% caffeine in 40 minutes. The kinetic test was performed in 20 minutes with the intraparticle model being the best fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work aimed to study the use of pineapple peel (Ananas comosus) as adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was obtained by drying and grinding the fruit peel. The particle size of the material was < 0.2 mm. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out at speed rotation of 150 rpm and under two temperature conditions (30 and 40 °C). The effect of initial dye concentration (60 ppm - 100 ppm) and adsorbent dose (0.1g - 0.5g) on the adsorption unity capacity (qe) and percentage removal of methylene blue (%R) were investigated. The biosorbent obtained from the pineapple peel showed satisfactory results, removing up to 81% of adsorbate from the solution. The percentage removal of methylene blue increased with the increasing of adsorbent mass and decreased as the initial dye concentration was increased. The adsorption unity capacity was higher at higher initial dye concentration conditions and lower at higher adsorbent dose. The adsorption was favorable at lower temperature and the equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity ranged from 17.12 mg g-1 to 10.06 mg g-1 as the temperature increased from 30C to 40°C. The results showed that this agricultural residue has potential to be used as an economical adsorbent for removal of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor de abacaxi do mundo. A polpa é a parte do fruto que é normalmente consumida, enquanto a porção mais consistente do eixo central e a casca são consideradas resíduos do seu processamento, não sendo devidamente aproveitadas pelas indústrias. Objetivou-se com este trabalho desidratar a casca do abacaxi, na forma de placas com comprimento de 15 cm e largura de 8 cm, em estufa com circulação forçada de ar nas temperaturas de 75 e 85 °C, e ajustando-os a modelos matemáticos. Como critério de avaliação do ajuste dos modelos matemáticos utilizou-se o coeficiente de determinação, o desvio quadrático médio e distribuição aleatória dos resíduos. A casca do abacaxi com teor de água inicial de 87,73% (b.u) apresentou teor de água final de 10,67% (b.u) na temperatura de 75 °C e 9,05% para a de 85 °C, havendo uma redução média de 88,76% (b.u) do material em estudo. Verificou-se que as amostras submetidas à desidratação na temperatura 75 °C demandaram maior intervalo de tempo para atingir o teor de água de equilíbrio em comparação com as amostras desidratadas na temperatura de 85 °C. Entre os modelos estudados, observou--se que os de Page, Aproximação da Difusão e Midilli apresentaram os maiores coeficientes de determinação (R² > 0,998) e os menores desvios quadráticos médios (DQM < 0,02), entretanto, o modelo de Page foi o único com distribuição aleatória dos resíduos em todas as temperaturas estudadas, resultando no melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais da secagem da casca do abacaxi.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as características da secagem de bagaço de uva fermentado em secador com ar aquecido, avaliar a capacidade descritiva de conhecidos modelos matemáticos de secagem em camada delgada, e obter os valores de difusividade efetiva e a energia de ativação. Os experimentos de secagem foram conduzidos a 50, 60, 70, 80 e 90ºC, com a velocidade do ar de secagem de 1,0 m s-1. Foram comparados dez diferentes modelos matemáticos de secagem em camada delgada, de acordo com os valores do coeficiente de determinação (R²), qui-quadrado (χ²), raiz do quadrado médio residual (RQMR) e erro médio relativo (P), estimados pelas curvas de secagem. Os efeitos da temperatura de secagem nos coeficientes e nas constantes foram preditos pelos modelos de regressão. O modelo de Page modificado foi selecionado para representar o comportamento da secagem em camada delgada de bagaço de uva. Os valores médios da difusividade efetiva variaram de 1,0091 x 10-9 m² s-1 a 3,0421 x 10-9 m² s-1 nas temperaturas avaliadas. A dependência da difusividade efetiva pela temperatura foi descrita pela equação de Arrhenius, com o valor de energia de ativação de 24,512 kJ mol-1.

Diferentes materiales adsorbentes fueron preparados a partir de la cascarilla de arroz (un residuo lignocelulósico agroindustrial), para la remoción de cromo presente en las aguas resultantes de la curtición, debido a su alta toxicidad para la salud humana y a nivel ambiental. La cascarilla de arroz se evaluó como ceniza y carbón activado con acido fosfórico e hidróxido de sodio como agentes activantes. La parte experimental consistió en la calcinación de la cascarilla de arroz, activación química, caracterización, pruebas de adsorción y absorción atómica; obteniendo mejores resultados el adsorbente activado con hidróxido de sodio. Para la activación de la cascarilla de arroz con NaOH se requirió una serie de experimentos para determinar las mejores condiciones de operación en el proceso de obtenci��n del carbón activado. Se obtuvo una mayor remoción en el carbón que se activo a una temperatura de 600°C, un tiempo de activación de 30 minutos y una concentración de la solución de 1% p/p; la remoción de cromo fue del 72,8% comparado con la cascarilla de arroz activada con H3PO4 que fue del 54,5% y la ceniza de cascarilla de arroz 49,2%.Diferentes materiais adsorventes fórum preparados a partir da casca de arroz, um resíduo lignocelulósico agroindustrial, para a remoção de cromo das águas resultantes da curtição, devido a sua alta toxicidade na saúde e ao nível ambiental. A casca de arroz, a qual se avalia como cinza e carvão ativado com acido fosfórico e hidróxido de sódio como agentes ativadores. A parte experimental consta de calcinação da casca de arroz, ativação química, caracterização, testes de adsorção e absorção atômica; obtendo os melhores resultados o adsorvente ativado com hidróxido de sódio. A ativação da casca de arroz com NaOH se precisaram uma série de experimentos para determinar as melhores condições de operação no processo de obtenção do carvão ativado. Obteve-se uma maior remoção no carvão que se ativo a uma temperatura de 600°C, um tempo de ativação de 30 minutos e uma concentração da solução de 1% p/p; a remoção foi do 72,8% comparado com a casca de arroz ativada com H3PO4 que foi do 54,5% e a cinza de casca de arroz 49,2%.Several adsorbent materials were prepared from rice husk, a lignocellulosic waste from agro-industry, for the removal of chromium present in the effluents of the tanning, due to its high toxicity in the health and to environmental level. The rice husk was evaluated as ash and activated coal with phosphoric acid or hydroxide of sodium as activating agents. The experimental part consisted of calcination of the rice husk, chemical activation, characterization, tests of adsorption and tests of atomic absorption; obtaining better results the adsorbent activated with hydroxide of sodium. The activation of the rice husk with NaOH required a series of experiments to determine the best conditions of operation in the process of obtaining of the activated coal. A major removal was obtained in the coal that was activated at 600°C 30 minutes of activation time and 1% p/p of solution concentration; the removal was of the 72,8 % compared with the rice husk ash activated with H3PO4 that was of the 54,5% and the rice husk ash 49,2%.