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Aims: The serum resistin level is associated with the incidence of ischemic heart disease in the general population. We analyzed the associations between serum resistin and fat intake, serum lipid concentrations and adiposity in the general population., Methods: A cross-sectional study of 6,637 randomly recruited adults was conducted. The resistin levels were measured in thawed aliquots of serum using an enzyme immunoanalysis technique., Results: The resistin level exhibited a positive nonparametric correlation with saturated fat intake(p < 0.001) and an inverse correlation with adherence to the Mediterranean diet(p < 0.001), monounsaturated fat intake(p < 0.05), total serum cholesterol(p < 0.001), non-HDL cholesterol(p < 0.001), LDL cholesterol(p < 0.001), body mass index(p < 0.001), waist circumference(p < 0.001) and the waist/height ratio(p < 0.001). An elevated resistin concentration(fifth quintile) was associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet(OR=0.82 CI95%=0.71-0.93), saturated fat intake(OR=1.34 CI95%=1.16-1.56), monounsaturated fat intake(OR=0.88 CI95%=0.78-0.99), a total cholesterol level of ≥200 mg/dL(OR=0.81 CI95%=0.72-0.91), a low HDL cholesterol level(OR=0.84 CI95%= 0.76-0.93), a high non-HDL cholesterol level(OR=0.84 CI95%=0.72-0.99), a high LDL cholesterol level(OR=0.82 CI95%=0.70-0.97) and a waist/height ratio of ≥0.55(OR=0.76 CI95%=0.67-0.85). The multivariate models corroborated the positive associations between the resistin level and saturated fat intake(p < 0.001) and serum triglycerides(p=0.004) and the inverse associations between the resistin level and adherence to the Mediterranean diet(p=0.002), total serum cholesterol(p < 0.001) and cholesterol fractions and the waist/height ratio(p=0.02)., Conclusions: In the general population, the serum resistin level is associated with fat intake: positively with saturated fat intake and inversely with monounsaturated fat intake. As a consequence, the resistin level is also inversely associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet. In addition, the resistin level is inversely associated with the serum cholesterol level and adiposity.

Aims: To explore the association between resistin expression and the incidence of ischemic heart disease in the general population., Methods: A follow-up study of 6636 adults recruited randomly from the general population., Results: The serum resistin concentration was higher in women (6.1 ng/mL; CI95%=6.0-6.2) than in men (5.6 ng/mL; CI95%=5.5-5.7). Individuals in the 5th quintile or higher of resistin (RQ5) were younger (P＜0.001) and had a lower prevalence of arterial hypertension (P＜0.001), abdominal obesity (P＜0.001), diabetes (P＜0.001) and dyslipidemia (P＜0.001). The cardiovascular risk estimated by the Framingham function was also lower in the RQ5 subgroup (P＜0.001); however, the prevalence of smoking was higher (P＜0.001), as was the prevalence of low HDL cholesterol (P＜0.001). After 3.5 years of follow-up, the RQ5 subgroup had a higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI, RR=1.9; CI95%=1.01-3.54). In the population without diabetes, the RQ5 subgroup had a higher risk of AMI (RR=2.4; CI95%=1.10-5.17), and the risk of AMI was highest in women in this group (4.97; CI95%=1.33-18.57). The risk levels were significant in the Cox models adjusted for age, sex and smoking; and the hazard ratio was 2.5 for AMI (CI95%=1.29-4.70) in the sample of patients matched by sex and smoking status., Conclusions: Resistin may be a risk marker for ischemic heart disease in the general population. The serum resistin concentration is higher in women, and the associated increase in the risk of AMI based on the resistin level is also higher in women than in men.

Aim: To determine how serum concentrations of resistin are distributed in humans in relation to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity., Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out in a random sample (n=713, 43% men, 18-75 years) of general population of inhabitants of the Canary Islands (Spain). Serum resistin concentration, HOMA2-IR, anthropometric parameters, drug consumption and physical activity were recorded., Results: There were no differences in resistin concentration between participants with and without diabetes (3.1+/-0.2 vs. 3.2+/-0.1ng/mL; p=0.566), or between obese and non-obese participants (3.1+/-0.1 vs. 3.2+/-0.1ng/mL; p=0.803). Individuals with abdominal obesity (waist-hip ratio [WHR] >or=1 in men or >or=0.9 in women) had lower concentrations of resistin (3.0+/-0.13 vs. 3.4+/-0.1ng/mL; p<0.001). The correlations between resistin and HOMA2-IR (r=-0.231; p<0.001) and between resistin and WHR (r=-0.202; p<0.001) were inverse. Multivariate analysis corroborated the inverse association of this cytokine with HOMA2-IR, WHR and, in women, also retained in the model the direct association between resistin and physical activity and the inverse association between resistin and antihypertensive agents., Conclusions: In this population resistin is inversely associated with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity.

There is evidence that androgens are regulators of insulin resistance (IR), and may be involved in the regulation of resistin, a cytokine that has been related with IR. Earlier studies found that androgen receptor length polymorphisms CAGn and GGNn and the aromatase polymorphism TTTAn may influence receptor or enzyme activity and serum concentrations of androgens. This study was designed to determine whether polymorphism length was related to serum resistin concentration and to other variables related with IR. In 1,580 persons chosen randomly from the general population of the Canary Islands (Spain), we measured polymorphism length, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, BMI, and serum glucose concentration. In smaller subgroups, we also measured C-peptide (n = 677), resistin (n = 583), and leptin concentration (n = 754) and estimated IR (homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA2-IR)). In men, polymorphism length correlated with resistin concentration (CAGn, r = 0.13, P = 0.031; TTTAn, r = 0.15, P = 0.005; GGNn, r = -0.15, P = 0.026), and the correlations were confirmed in multivariate regression models. The length of CAGn and TTTAn correlated inversely with C-peptide (r = -0.13, P = 0.016 and r = -0.21, P < 0.001, respectively) and with estimated IR (r = -0.12, P = 0.032 and r = -0.19, P = 0.001, respectively). In men, length of the CAGn, GGNn, and TTTAn was associated with serum resistin concentration. These results support the hypothesis that androgens may be involved in the regulation of resistin. Resistin may be a link between IR and androgens.