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Commercial building microgrids will play an important role in the smart energy city. Stochastic and uncoordinated electric vehicle (EV) charging activities, which may cause performance degradations and overloads, have put great stress on the distribution system. In order to improve the self-consumption of PV energy and reduce the impact on the power grid, a heuristic operation strategy for commercial building microgrids is proposed. The strategy is composed of three parts: the model of EV feasible charging region, the mechanism of dynamical event triggering, and the algorithm of real-time power allocation for EVs. Furthermore, in order to lower the cost of computation resource, the strategy is designed to operate without forecasting on photovoltaic output or EV charging demand. A comprehensive result obtained from simulation tests has shown that the proposed strategy has both satisfactory results and high efficiency, which can be utilized in embedded systems for real-time allocation of EV charging rate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper proposes a comprehensive solution methodology for the pricing difficulty when Lagrange multipliers are not unique. A linear optimization model is proposed to solve the congestion-related pricing difficulty. The objective function of the model is set to be minimizing the congestion surplus. In addition, an incentive-based allocation approach is incorporated in the solution procedure for cases when no marginal participant exists. The unique pricing solution obtained through our methodology can achieve proper reallocation of the undetermined surplus. Further, we discuss the reference bus independence property of the proposed pricing methodology. Numerical results are provided to fully test the proposed methodology. Other possible solutions are also presented for comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]