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Background: It is recommended to heat and humidity CO2 in laparoscopic surgery to prevent postoperative pain and hypothermia but information about its effects on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters is limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of standard and heated-humidified CO2 on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body temperature and pain in healthy patients. Methods: One hundred patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign pathology were divided into two groups: Group CD (cold-dry) patients were administered standard CO2, while Group HH (heated-humidified) patients were administered 95% humidified insufflation at 37 degrees C. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body temperature, pain score and blood count parameters were recorded. Results: A total of 96 patients were included in the study, taken from the 100 patients. Group HH (n:47) had only higher systolic blood pressure at 75, mean blood pressure at 50 and 55 and a lower heart rate between 15 and 45 min (p:0.049, 0.037, 0.013 respectively). Pain score, morphine consumption, end-tidal CO2 and arterial blood gas values were not different between the groups, with only body temperature from 40 min and minimum value being significantly higher (at a difference of 0.86-1.04 degrees C) in Group HH. Postoperative leukocyte, neutrophil and NLR (neutrophil-leukocyte ratio) were found to be higher in this group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It has been found that both standard and heated-humidified CO2 do not constitute a problem in terms of hemodynamic and respiratory parameters in healthy patients. The heated-humidified CO2 group had only a higher core body temperature and inflammatory response. (C) 2021 Asian Surgical Association and Taiwan Robotic Surgery Association. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.

Total lung capacity is usually measured by a body plethysmograph or helium dilution methods. In this study an alternative approach to obtain total lung capacity of spontaneous breathing subjects is introduced. The device utilises an optoelectronic plethysmograph and a small tube, which measures mouth pressure and allows total lung capacity to be obtained, which differs less than 0.4 L from the total lung capacity of the body plethysmograph. The method shows potential to be a less burdensome method to estimate total lung capacity determination than the body plethysmograph.

International audience; Slow-paced breathing has been shown to enhance the self-regulation abilities of athletes via its influence on cardiac vagal activity. However, the role of certain respiratory parameters (i.e., inhalation/exhalation ratio and presence of a respiratory pause between respiratory phases) still needs to be clarified. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of these respiratory parameters on the effects of slow-paced breathing on cardiac vagal activity. A total of 64 athletes (27 female; Mage = 22, age range = 18–30 years old) participated in a within-subject experimental design. Participants performed six breathing conditions within one session, with a 5 min washout period between each condition. Each condition lasted 5 min, with 30 respiratory cycles, and each respiratory cycle lasted 10 s (six cycles per minute), with inhalation/exhalation ratios of 0.8, 1.0, 1.2; and with or without respiratory pauses (0.4 s) between respiratory phases. Results indicated that the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), a marker of cardiac vagal activity, was higher when exhalation was longer than inhalation. The presence of a brief (0.4 s) post-inhalation and post-exhalation respiratory pause did not further influence RMSSD. Athletes practicing slow-paced breathing are recommended to use an inhalation/exhalation ratio in which the exhalation phase is longer than the inhalation phase.

The nasal valve area has the minimal cross-sectional area of the upper airways. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder. It has been reported that nasal obstruction may be associated with OSA. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use an internal nasal dilator may be able to affect respiratory pattern in a group of patients with OSA. The use of internal nasal dilator was able to significantly reduce two relevant respiratory outcomes, such as the apnea-hypopnea index and the oxygen desaturation index, notably there was also a positive trend for the reduction of total sleep time with HbO2

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı fiziksel engelli ile sağlıklı çocukların solunum parametrelerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 13 fiziksel engelli ve 12 sağlıklı olmak üzere toplam 25 çocuk dahil edildi. Çocukların solunum değerlerini ölçmede BTL-08 spirometre kullanıldı. Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Sınıflama Sistemi (GMFCS) ve El Becerileri Sınıflandırma Sistemi (MACS) seviyeleri belirlendi. Bulgular: Fiziksel engelli ile sağlıklı çocukların solunum parametreleri karşılaştırıldığında restriktif paternler açısından aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p0,001). GMFCSe göre seviye 2 ve altı çocukların seviye 3 ve üstü çocuklara göre zorlu vital kapasite (%FVC) değerlerinin daha iyi olduğu bulunmuştur (p0,05). Sonuç: Fiziksel engelli çocukların rehabilitasyon programına respiratuar eğitim ve solunum kapasitelerini arttırmaya yönelik pulmoner rehabilitasyon programlarının da dahil edilmesinin yararlı olacağını düşünüyoruz. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the respiratory parameters of physically disabled and healthy children. Methods: The study included 25 children. Of these children, 13 were physically disabled and 12 were healthy children. The BTL-08 spirometry device was used for measuring the respiratory values of the children. The gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and manual ability classification system (MACS) levels were determined. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the respiratory parameters of physically disabled and healthy children in relation to the restrictive patterns (p

Despite the lack of evidence, many reports exist which have implied that smokers inhale low-yield cigarette smoke more deeply than that of high-yield cigarettes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term switching between smoker’s own brand and test cigarettes with different smoke yields on puffing topography, respiratory parameters and biomarkers of exposure. Participants were randomly assigned to smoke either a Test Cigarette-High Tar (TCH), for two days, and then switched to a Test Cigarette-Low Tar (TCL), for two days or the reverse order (n = 10 each sequence). Puffing topography (CReSS microdevice), respiratory parameters (inductive plethysmography) and biomarkers of exposure (BOE, urinary nicotine equivalents – NE and blood carboxyhemoglobin – COHb) were measured at baseline and on days 2 and 4. The average puffs per cigarette, puff volume and puff durations were statistically significantly lower, and inter-puff interval was significantly longer for the TCH compared to the TCL groups. Respiratory parameters were not statistically significantly different between the TCH and TCL groups. Post-baseline NE and COHb were statistically significantly lower in the TCL compared to the TCH groups. Under the conditions of this study, we found no indication of changes in respiratory parameters, particularly inhalation time and volume, between study participants smoking lower versus higher yield cigarettes. Likewise, the BOE provides no indication of deeper inhalation when smoking low- versus high-yield cigarettes. These findings are consistent with the published literature indicating smoking low-yield cigarettes does not increase the depth of inhalation.

ERPA International Congress on Education (ERPA) -- JUN 06-08, 2014 -- Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, TURKEY WOS: 000348253300062 Objective of this study has been identified as determination of respiratory parameters and aerobic capacity of 28 male referees (B-C-D) working in different classifications. Respiratory parameters like forced vital capacity (FVC), vital capacity (VC) and maximum voluntarily ventilation (MVV) and maximum inspiratory pressure (Mip) and maximum expiratory pressure (Mep) measurements have been used in this study. Shuttle run test of 20 m has been applied for determination of aerobic capacity. Obtained data, were assessed in spss statistical analysis program with T-Test and Variance Analysis and findings were accepted as significant at p

Bu çalışmada merkezi yolla uygulanan araşidonik asitin (AA) solunum düzenlenmesinde ve kan gazlarına etkilerini belirlemek ve bu etkilerde merkezi siklooksijenaz (COX), lipooksijenaz (LOX), tromboksan A2 (TXA2), prostagladin (PG) E ve D'nin aracılığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada Spraque Dawley ırkı (250-300 g) 140 tane erişkin erkek sıçanlar kullanıldı. Sıçanlar ketamin (50 mg/kg; i.m.) ksilazin (20 mg/kg; i.m.) karışımı ile anestezi edildi. Anestezi altında, solunum parametrelerinin takip edilebilmesi için tüm hayvanlara trekeostomi yapıldı. Kan gazı parametrelerinin incelenmesi için gerekli kan örneklerinin toplanabilmesi amacıyla sıçanların sol femoral arterlerine ise heparin içeren % 0,9 tuzlu su (50 Ü/ml) ile doldurulmuş polietilen kateter (PE 50), yerleştirildi. Merkezi yolla ilaç enjeksiyonları için serebral yan ventriküle (s.y.v) 22 G paslanmaz çelik iğneden hazırlanmış klavuz kanül yerleştirildi. Çalışmada ilk olarak merkezi yolla uygulanan AA'nın solunum parametreleri yani; tidal volüm (TD), solunum sayısı (SS), dakika solunum hacmi (DSH), üzerine etkileri ve kan gazları; parsiyel oksijen (pO2) ve parsiyel karbondioksit (pCO2) basınçları üzerine değişimler araştırıldı. AA (0,25, 0,5 ve 1 µmol; s.y.v.) doza- ve zamana- bağlı olarak sıçanlarda tüm solunum parametreleri ve pO2 de artışa neden olup pCO2 de düşüşe neden olmuştur. AA'nın oluşturduğu bu etkilerde merkezi COX, LOX, TXA2, PGE2 ve PGD2' nin aracılığını göstermek için seçici olmayan COX inhibitörü ibuprofen (250 µg; s.y.v.), seçici olmayan LOX inhibitörü nordihydroguaiaretic asit (NDGA) (500 µg; s.y.v.), TXA2 sentez inhibitörü furegrelate (250 µg; s.y.v.) veya PGE ve PGD reseptör antagonisti AH6809 (10 µg; s.y.v.) ön tedavisi, AA (0,5 µmol; s.y.v.) tedavisinden 10 dakika önce uygulandı. İbuprofen tamamen, NDGA, furegrelate ve AH6809 ise kısmen AA'nın oluşturduğu solunum parametreleri ve kan gazı etkilerini bloke etti.Sonuç olarak, elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar merkezi olarak uygulanan AA'nın sıçanlarda hiperventilasyona yol açtığı, ve AA'nın solunum parametreleri etkilerinde merkezi COX-TXA2 –PGE2 ve PGD2 yolağı ve ayrıca LOX yolağı kısmen aracılık etmektedir.,Anahtar kelimeler: Araşidonik Asit, Siklooksijenaz, Lipooksijenaz, Solunum Parametreleri, Kan Gazları, İntraserebroventiküler. This experiment was designed to determine the role of centrally injected arachidonic acid (AA) in the regulation of respiratory system and blood gases parameters and mediation of cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin (PG) E and D pathways in the modulation of above mentioned parameters. 140 adult male Spraque Dawley (250-300g) rats were utilized during the experimental protocol. Animals were anesthetized by using a mixture of ketamine (50mg/kg; i.m) and xylazine (20mg/kg; i.m). Tracheal canula was implanted in the trachea of all the animals in anesthesized condition to measure respiratory parameters. In order collect blood samples for measuring blood gases, a polyethylene catheter (PE50) containing heparine (50 U/ml) having saline (0.9%) was implanted in the left femoral artery of rats. Guide canula, prepared from 22G stainless steel needle, was inserted into the lateral ventricle of the animals for the purpose of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injections. During experiment first of all, the effects of centrally injected AA on respiratory parameters like tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate (RR), respiratory volume per minute (RVM) along with the blood gases parameters like partial oxygen (pO2) and partial carbon dioxide (pCO2) pressure were measured. AA (0.25, 0.5 and 1 µmol; i.c.v) caused an increase in all the above mentioned respiratory parameters and pO2 while decreased pCO2 in a dose- and time- dependent manner. In order to determine the mediation of COX, LOX, TXA2, PGE2 and PGD2, non- selective COX inhibitor Ibuprofen (250 µg; i.c.v.), non- selective LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) (500 µg; i.c.v.), TXA2 synthesis inhibitor furegrelate (250 µg; i.c.v), and PGE and PGD receptors antagonist AH6809 (10 µg; i.c.v.) pretreatment was applied 10 minutes before arachidonic acid (0,5 µmol; i.c.v. ) treatment. Ibuprofen completely blocked AA induced respiratory paramters and blood gases' effects while NDGA, furegrelate and AH6809 partially blocked these effects.Consequently, centrally injected AA induced hyperventilation in the animals through the mediation of central COX-TXA2-PGE2 and PGD2 pathways while LOX pathway is temporarily involved in these AA induced respiratory parameters.Key words: Arachidonic Acid, Cyclooxygenase, Lipooxygenase, Respiratory Parameters, Blood Gases, Intracerebroventricular. 62

Background: Blunt chest injury with multiple rib fractures can result in such complications as pneumonia, atelectasis, bronchiectasis, empyema thoracis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and prolonged Intensive Care Unit and hospital stay, with its concomitant mortality. These may be prevented or reduced by good analgesic therapy which is the subject of this study. Methods: This was a prospective study of effects of analgesia on changes in pulmonary functions of patients with traumatic multiple rib fractures resulting from blunt chest injury. Results: There were 64 adult patients who were studied with multiple rib fractures caused by blunt chest trauma. Of these patients, 54 (84.4%) were male and 10 (15.6%) were female. Motorcycle (popularly known as “okada”) and tricycle (popularly known as keke napep) accidents significantly accounted for the majority of the multiple rib fractures, that is, in 50 (78.1%) of the patients. Before analgesic administration, no patient had a normal respiratory rate, but at 1 h following the administration of analgesic, 21 (32.8%) of patients recorded normal respiratory rates and there was a significant reduction in the number (10.9% vs. 39.1%) of patients with respiratory rates >30 breaths/min. Before commencement of analgesic, no patient recorded up to 99% of oxygen saturation (SpO2) as measured by pulse oximeter, while 43.8% recorded SpO2 of 96%. This improved after 1 h of administration of analgesics to SpO2 of 100% in 18.8% of patients and 99% in 31.3% of patients and none recording SpO2 of < 97% (P = 0.006). Before analgesia, no patient was able to achieve peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) value >100% of predicted while only 9 (14.1%) patients were able to achieve a PEFR value in the range of 91%–100% of predicted value. One hour after analgesia, a total of 6 (9.4%) patients were able to achieve PEFR values >100% predicted, while 35 (54.7%) patients achieved PEFR values in the range of 91%–100% predicted. Conclusion: Adequate analgesia is capable of reversing the negative effects of chest pain of traumatic multiple rib fractures on pulmonary function parameters through improvement in respiratory mechanics.

Extrapolation from post-exercise measurements has been used to estimate respiratory and blood gas parameters during exercise. This may not be accurate in exercise with reduced breathing frequency (RBF), since spontaneous breathing usually follows exercise. This study was performed to ascertain whether measurement of oxygen saturation and blood gases immediately after exercise accurately reflected their values during exercise with RBF. Eight healthy male subjects performed an incremental cycling test with RBF at 10 breaths per minute. A constant load test with RBF (B10) was then performed to exhaustion at the peak power output obtained during the incremental test. Finally, the subjects repeated the constant load test with spontaneous breathing (SB) using the same protocol as B10. Pulmonary ventilation (VE), end-tidal oxygen (PETO2), and carbon dioxide pressures (PETCO2) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were measured during both constant load tests. The partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) in capillary blood were measured during the last minute of exercise, immediately following exercise and during the third minute of recovery. At the end of exercise RBF resulted in lower PETO2, SaO2 and PO2, and higher PETCO2 and PCO2 when compared to spontaneous breathing during exercise. Lower SaO2 and PETO2 were detected only for the first 16s and 20s of recovery after B10 compared to the corresponding period in SB. There were no significant differences in PO2 between SB and B10 measured immediately after the exercise. During recovery from exercise, PETCO2 remained elevated for the first 120s in the B10 trial. There were also significant differences between SB and B10 in PCO2 immediately after exercise. We conclude that RBF during high intensity exercise results in hypoxia; however, due to post-exercise hyperpnoea, measurements of blood gas parameters taken 15s after cessation of exercise did not reflect the changes in PO2 and SaO2 seen during exercise. Key pointsIn some sports, the environment is inappropriate for direct measurement of respiratory and blood gas parameters during exercise. To overcome this problem, extrapolation from post-exercise measurements has often been used to estimate changes in respiratory and blood gas parameters during exercise.The possibility of hypoxia and hypercapnia during exercise with reduced breathing frequency has been tested by measuring capillary blood sampled after the exercise.Reduced breathing frequency during high intensity exercise results in hypoxia; however, due to marked post-exercise hyperventilation, measurements of blood gas parameters taken 15 s after the cessation of exercise did not yield any changes in these parameters.Despite hyperventilation during recovery, hypercapnia could be detected by measuring blood gas parameters within 15 s after the exercise with reduced breathing frequency.