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Background: HIV infection is a major contributor to maternal mortality in resource-limited settings. The Drug Resource Enhancement Against AIDS and Malnutrition Programme has been promoting HAART use during pregnancy and postpartum for Prevention-of-mother-to-child-HIV transmission (PMTCT) irrespective of maternal CD4 cell counts since 2002. Methods: Records for all HIV+ pregnancies followed in Mozambique and Malawi from 6/2002 to 6/2010 were reviewed. The cohort was comprised by pregnancies where women were referred for PMTCT and started HAART during prenatal care (n = 8172, group 1) and pregnancies where women were referred on established HAART (n = 1978, group 2). Results: 10,150 pregnancies were followed. Median (IQR) baseline values were age 26 years (IQR:23–30), CD4 count 392 cells/mm3 (IQR:258–563), Viral Load log10 3.9 (IQR:3.2–4.4), BMI 23.4 (IQR:21.5–25.7), Hemoglobin 10.0 (IQR: 9.0–11.0). 101 maternal deaths (0.99%) occurred during pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum: 87 (1.1%) in group 1 and 14 (0.7%) in group 2. Mortality was 1.3% in women with

The article presents a study on the implementation of anti-retroviral triple therapy to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission in Mozambique. The study provided highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) to pregnant woman until six months postpartum, and formula, clean water, nutritional supplementation, and continuing HAART to mothers if necessary.