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Since the eighteenth century, corporate social responsibility has evolved into a fundamental expectation for businesses. Nonetheless, the connection between CSR and financial leverage remains ambiguous. This study seeks to examine the effect of financial leverage on corporate social responsibility. The study's primary objective is to determine how the social performance of these enterprises correlates with their financial leverage. Twelve non-financial companies listed on the Bahrain Bourse were the subject of this study's cross-sectional data analysis. The study analyzed the effect of financial leverage on the social performance of selected companies using annual reports from 2021. Return on assets and return on equity are the dependent variables used to estimate a company's social performance. In this study, the following measures were used to evaluate financial leverage: (i) debt ratio, (ii) debt-to-equity ratio, and (iii) interest coverage ratio. With the use of AMOS as well as SPSS for data analysis, the current study tested its hypotheses and variables. According to the research, there is a strong connection between financial leverage and the social performance of enterprises as indicated by the regression results. The debt ratio has a significant positive relationship with return on assets (ROA), with a coefficient of 0.042 (p-value 0.050), and the interest coverage ratio (ICR) also shows significance with ROA (coefficient 0.008, p-value 0.038). Additionally, the debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) shows a strong positive correlation with return on equity (ROE), shown by a coefficient of 0.174 (p-value 0.002). The adjusted R² values of 0.346 for ROA and 0.472 for ROE indicate that financial leverage attributes significantly explain the variance in social performance metrics. The overall results demonstrate that Bahrain's non-financial businesses are performing well in terms of profitability. This study discovered that the social performance of enterprises is significantly influenced by financial leverage attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Taxation and tax policy of any economy has a major implication on the growth “and performance of businesses in every economy. fiscal policy instrument should not be rigid for the taxpayers. This is because a flexible and viable taxation system has the capacity to stimulate economic activities. The paper examines how taxation impact the profitability of commercial banks in Nigeria. To test the hypothesis, the paper applied the panel regression on published information from fifteen banks from 2011-2022. The findings reveal that the marginal tax rate, effective tax rate and the average tax rate have strong positive and significant effects on return on asset. The outcome offers corporations useful insights on tax planning strategies properly and show how their tax avoidance skills could be used without practicing tax evasion. Amongst others, the recommends that regulators should grant tax incentives and reforms to reduce the tax burden on companies. Moreso, governments should formulate unequivocal tax policies that would aid tax law and administration that would encourage business growth.

This study examined the effect of debt financing on financial performance of listed deposit money bank in Nigeria. One of the most important topics in corporate finance is how debt financing affects the financial performance of Nigerian listed deposit money banks. These banks are financial intermediaries, and their stability, profitability, and expansion depend on having a balanced capital structure. Debt financing presents certain risks and expenses associated with financial hardship, interest commitments, and liquidity limits, even though it is advantageous for leveraging profits and optimizing tax shielding. Determining the ideal leverage for these institutions requires an understanding of how debt levels affect performance indicators like return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), and net interest margin. This study adopted ex-post facto research design. Twenty-two deposit money banks made up the of the twenty-two deposit money banks that made up the research population, 13 listed were selected for sampling. Secondary data were utilized, by extracting relevant data from financial statement for a period ranging for a ten years period (2014 – 2023). The findings revealed that debt financing takes a significant effect on debt has high significant effect on ROA (P = 0.000010< 0.05 and ROE (P= 0.002586

This study aims to determine the relationship between Return on Asset and Return on Equity to Profit Growth. Profit growth is a ratio that describes a company's ability to maintain profits in each period amidst economic growth and its business sector. Business profit growth can be measured by looking at sales growth. This measurement can only see company growth from the company's marketing aspect only. Another measurement is to look at net profit growth, where the input for this net profit growth is capital, while the output is profit. The final measurement of company growth is through measuring the growth of its own capital.

This research aims to test the moderator effect on characteristic variables such as return on assets and debt-equity ratio as exogenous variables on stock prices which are endogenous variables with return on equity being a proxy for financial performance. This research uses a quantitative approach with the path analysis method, the research object is 39 mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, a total of 156 companies studied. By using multiple linear regression analysis, the results obtained show that partial return on assets has a positive and significant effect on stock prices and the debt-equity ratio has a negative and significant effect on stock prices. Then the test uses moderator regression analysis where return on equity is proxied by financial performance as a moderator variable. The results show that the return on assets on share prices has a negative and significant influence. Meanwhile, the Debt Equity Ratio has a positive and significant effect on share prices. Appropriate financial asset allocation provides increased market expectations which will cause share prices to be valued higher. Asset management of mining industry companies does not show an increase in company value, in this case, return on equity, which should strengthen financial performance, and reduce share prices. On the contrary, conditions and information cause mining industry company share prices to fall. Management of return on equity well and accurately reflects financial performance, strengthening the relationship/influence of the debt-equity ratio on share prices.

This study assessed the accounting-based variables and value-based management (VBM) variables that jointly affect firm value and performance. The study applied the causality test and variance decomposition to determine the variability of the variables, and further empirically employed fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) techniques to justify the results. Data covering 356 industries were purposively sampled to arrive at 61 companies spanning 2011–2020. Overall, the causality test found no relationship between economic value added and market value added but only found unidirectional causality from shareholder returns to MVA, EVA to shareholder returns, ROA to MVA, ROE to MVA, EVA to MVA, MVA to EVA, ROE to ROA, EVA to ROA, and EVA to ROE. A very strong bidirectional causality relationship was found between return on asset and shareholder return as a measure of company performance. Further results from the forecast error of the variance decomposition showed that shareholder returns are explained only by its own shock, contributing 45.38 percent in the long run, while the remaining variables, namely market value added, return on asset, return on equity, and economic value added, contribute about 35.96%, 14.06%, 4.08%, and 0.51%, respectively, to predicting the future values of shareholder return. This confirms the relationships between the variables from the short run to the long run. Additionally, results from the FMOL and DOL revealed that all accounting variables and VBM are good approaches for evaluating company performance as the empirical result from ROA, ROE, and EVA revealed positive and significant relationships. This confirms that a combination of both variables would produce a better evaluation as the accounting variables and VBM variables jointly relate to shareholder returns. This study serves as a guide to companies' management and boards of directors in having better ways to evaluate company performance. Consequently, it is recommended that managers select combinations of accounting and VBM variables that suit their operations and jointly apply them in the performance evaluation of the company. This will be useful in providing both the relative and incremental performance information needed for diverse decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to test the moderator effect on characteristic variables such as return on assets and debt-equity ratio as exogenous variables on stock prices which are endogenous variables with return on equity being a proxy for financial performance. This research uses a quantitative approach with the path analysis method, the research object is 39 mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, a total of 156 companies studied. By using multiple linear regression analysis, the results obtained show that partial return on assets has a positive and significant effect on stock prices and the debt-equity ratio has a negative and significant effect on stock prices. Then the test uses moderator regression analysis where return on equity is proxied by financial performance as a moderator variable. The results show that the return on assets on share prices has a negative and significant influence. Meanwhile, the Debt Equity Ratio has a positive and significant effect on share prices. Appropriate financial asset allocation provides increased market expectations which will cause share prices to be valued higher. Asset management of mining industry companies does not show an increase in company value, in this case, return on equity, which should strengthen financial performance, and reduce share prices. On the contrary, conditions and information cause mining industry company share prices to fall. Management of return on equity well and accurately reflects financial performance, strengthening the relationship/influence of the debt-equity ratio on share prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the effect of Return on assets, Return On equity, Curent Ratio, and Debt to Equity Ratio on stock prices. The approach in this research is quantitative research. The population used in this study is the transportation and logistics sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2022 as many as 36 companies. The sampling technique used in this study is non-probability sampling, namely purposive sampling. 1) ROA has a positive and significant effect on stock prices. 2) ROE has no positive and insignificant effect on stock prices. 3) CR has no positive and insignificant effect on stock prices. 4) DER has no negative and significant effect on stock prices. 5) ROA, ROE, CR and DER simultaneously have a significant and significant effect on stock prices. The results of this study have limitations but are able to contribute and suggestions to the public or investors as well as companies as market participants and further researchers. Investors who will buy shares on the IDX, should pay attention to the development of stock prices by considering more than just ROA, ROE, CR and DER. It should also consider other factors, such as company size, GPM, solvency, and ITO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current business landscape, effective management of a company's financial strategy is paramount for sustainable growth, with a particular emphasis on optimizing the capital structure to fulfill the funding requirements of day-to-day operations. This research investigates how the capital structure influences the financial performance of non-bank financial institutions listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2022. The study focuses on two key dependent variables: the Return on Assets ratio and the return on equity ratio. The independent variables, represented by the capital structure, encompass the debt-to-assets ratio and the debt-to- equity ratio. The results obtained through regression analysis of the data unveil a significant negative impact of the capital structure on financial performance, particularly affecting the return on equity. These findings underscore the importance of non-bank financial institutions exercising caution when managing capital resources secured through debt financing. Excessive reliance on debt within the company's capital structure could potentially elevate financial burdens, ultimately leading to a reduction in overall profitability. Consequently, prudent capital management practices are recommended to maintain financial stability and bolster long-term prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates whether banks that adopted new regulatory requirements earlier, such as Basel III, are more profitable, as well as more efficient, than banks that adopted these requirements later. In addition, all 138 banks are based in the G7 member countries, which are the most developed countries in the world. Also, banks are categorized into early and late adopters based on Basel III Leverage Ratio performance by using Fitch Connect. Moreover, profitability ratios, such as the Return on Equity, Return on Assets and efficiency ratio Operating Efficiency, were collected from Fitch Connect to analyze if early adopters were more profitable and efficient than the late adopters. Also, STATA is used to analyze descriptive statistics and a univariate analysis of both groups. Furthermore, the finding is that early adopters of the Basel III Leverage Ratio are not the more profitable or efficient firms compared to late adopters as anticipated. In addition, the results of early and late adopters do not differ that much in the analysis regarding profitability and efficiency ratios. This implies that it is not necessarily correct to assume that stricter regulation, such as Basel III, will negatively affect the profitability or efficiency of banks. In addition, these results are useful to regulators and policymakers of the G7 member countries for two reasons. Also, regulators can clearly see how banks are adopting new stricter regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the influence of foreign institutional investment on the risk-return profile of firms. Corporate risk is analyzed as business risk and financial risk in this study. The impact of foreign institutional investor's (FII) holding on business and financial risk taking behavior is studied on 174 listed non-financial firms in India using panel quantile regression methodology for a span of 20 years which include the pre and post 2008 financial crisis periods as well. Panel fixed effect model was found to be appropriate in this study The impact of FII holding is also studied through the distribution of the risk through panel quantile regression. The impact of FII holding on risk taking behaviour of the firms is studied primarily across high, average and low proportion of corporate risk. Overall FII holding has an inverse relationship with corporate risk taking behavior of firms. The positive impact of FII holding across all types of firms in terms of the risk-return profile indicates that their presence is long term and reduces risk taking behaviour of the corresponding firm. The implications of this study will be significant in regulating FII inflows and outflows to ensure discipline on the part of firm management in improving its risk-return profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio Profitabilitas yaitu, Return On Equity (ROE), Return On Asset (ROA), dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan yang diukur dengan Price to Book Value (PBV) baik secara parsial dan simultan. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu, Bank Konvensional yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2020-2021. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 62 observasi penelitian. Analisis yang digunakan ialah regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Return On Equity (ROE), Return On Asset (ROA), dan Ukuran Perusahaan berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Sementara itu, secara parsial Return On Equity (ROE) dan Return On Asset (ROA) tidak berpengaruh, sedangkan Ukuran Perusahaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan.

Banks in all climes are primarily faced with problem of credit risk whenever they mediate between the surplus and the deficit units of the economy. This study examined the impact of credit risk management on the profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Specifically, this study evaluated the impact of credit risk management on return on assets, return on equity, and net operating income of deposit money banks in Nigeria. This study adopted an ex post facto research design. Nineteen listed deposit money banks as at December 31, 2018 form the population of this study out of which a sample of fifteen banks were selected based on complete availability of data from 2007-2018. Data obtained was subjected to fixed and random effects regression estimations for the various models in this study using the Hausman test. Findings revealed that: (i) loan-value ratio and loan-deposit ratio significantly impacted on return on assets of deposit money banks, while non-performing loan ratio, bank size, and log of total loans did not significantly impact on return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria; (ii) total loans significantly affected return on equity of deposit money banks, while loan-value ratio, loan-deposit ratio, bank size, and non-performing loans did not significantly affect return on equity of deposit money banks in Nigeria; and (iii) bank size, non-performing loan, and total loans were found to significantly affect net operating income of deposit money banks in Nigeria, while loan-value ratio, and loan-deposit ratio did not significantly exert on net operating income of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study therefore, concluded that loan-value ratio, loan-deposit ratio, value of total loans, bank size, and non-performing loans influence banks profitability in Nigeria, and recommended that proper attention be paid to these variables in order to increase the profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria.

This article explores the impact of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals on bank profitability. The study considers multiple indicators of Sustainable Development Goals and bank profitability across 28 countries. The findings demonstrate that achieving specific Sustainable Development Goals leads to a significant improvement in bank profitability. More specifically, achieving good health and well-being leads to an increase in bank non-interest income. Providing clean water and sanitation for all also increases bank return on assets. On the other hand, taking strong action to combat climate change results in decreased bank return on assets. Additionally, attaining quality education and promoting affordable and clean energy sources lead to an increase in bank return on equity. The regional findings indicate that achieving the Sustainable Development Goals has varying impacts on bank profitability measures across banks in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Previous literature revealed that corporate governance (CG) attributes enhance firm performance. However, scant empirical research is available on how the CG attributes improve the intellectual capital (IC) efficiency. To fill this gap, the present study explores the effect of CG on IC efficiency. This study also intends to explore the moderating role of profitability on the nexus of CG and IC to identify whether it affects physical and intellectual capabilities. Using the census sampling technique, this study utilized the panel data of services firms in Pakistan over the period 2016–2020. The study adopted Pulic's model for computing IC efficiency, i.e., the value-added intellectual capital coefficient model. Fixed-effect model and two-stage least squares were utilized for the regression analysis. The study's findings revealed that independent directors, the board size, audit committee, and remuneration committee have a significant negative relationship with IC efficiency. CEO duality has demonstrated a significant positive nexus with IC efficiency. Interestingly, the negative coefficient of audit and remuneration committees becomes positive with the moderation of profitability. This study adds to the literature on the vital role of CG in fostering IC efficiency. The findings of this study might be helpful for the policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to put in place a solid corporate governance structure that enhances physical and intellectual capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The company's business activities are increasing and growing, creating a fairly tight business competition. In terms of accounting regulations, companies are also competing to apply records that are in accordance with standards for the benefit of stakeholders. The application of PSAK 73 itself Raja is a challenge for companies to implement in their business activities. This study aims to analyze the impact of implementing PSAK 73 on the financial performance of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2019-2021 period. Financial performance will be measured by financial ratios such as ROA (Return on Assets), ROI (Return on investment), ROE (Return on Equity), Current Ratio and DER (Debt to Equity). The results showed that the ratios of ROA, ROI, ROE, Current Ratio and DER experienced significant differences after the implementation of PSAK 73. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is believed that profitability and liquidity influence the value of a company. ROA, ROE and NIM are profitability variables and LDR is a liquidity variable that has been tested for their impact on firm value as measured by PBV. The study was conducted at four state-owned banks in Indonesia, with the entire population constituting the sample. The study was carried out using regression analysis of panel data from the common effects model for the period 2011 to 2020. This study demonstrates that ROA and NIM have a positive and significant impact on firm value, but ROE has no significant impact. Meanwhile, LDR has a negative and significant impact on firm value. At the same time, ROA, ROE, NIM and LDR have a significant influence on the firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan kinerja keuangan yang dicerminkan oleh rasio profitabilitas sebelum maupun sesudah dampak financial technology (Fintech) atas kegiatan usaha Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) di Kabupaten Sidoarjo yang telah terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Pada penelitian ini menggunakan jenis data kuantitatif dengan populasi seluruh BPR di provinsi Jawa Timur. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 8 (delapan) BPR di kabupaten Sidoarjo yang dipilih berdasarkan metode purposive sampling periode 2 (dua) tahun sebelum fintech dan 2 (dua) tahun setelah dampak fintech pada laporan keuangan triwulanan BPR. Adapun analisis normalitas menggunakan one sample kolmogorov smirnov, serta hipotesisnya menggunakan uji paired sample t-test dan uji wilcoxon signed-rank test dengan tingkat signifikansi 5%. Hasil dan kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini, bahwa adanya financial technology di era disrupsi 4.0 mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan BPR dimana terdapat perbedaan rasio Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM) dan Beban Operasional dan Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), pada rentang waktu sebelum dan sesudah adanya financial technology (fintech).

Çalışmanın amacı, likidite ve finansal kaldıracın bankaların aktif ve öz sermaye karlılıkları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren mevduat bankaları üzerinde bir uygulama yapılmıştır. 2014 – 2019 yıllarını kapsayan dönem için kalkınma ve yatırım bankaları hariç 31 bankanın örneklem olarak seçildiği çalışmada, likidite ölçüsü olarak likidite oranı, finansal kaldıraç ölçüsü olarak borç oranı ve karlılık ölçüsü olarak da aktif ve öz sermaye karlılığı oranları kullanılmıştır. Yapısal Eşitlik Modelinin uygulandığı çalışma sonucunda, finansal kaldıracın öz sermaye karlılığı üzerinde olumlu, aktif karlılığı üzerinde ise olumsuz bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmişken, likidite oranının gerek aktif gerekse öz sermaye karlılığı üzerinde bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir.

The insurance industry is a contributor to gross domestic product (GDP) in the Ghanaian economy and, thus, effort at improving its financial soundness through tax planning (TP) could enhance its level of GDP contribution. Previous studies on TP have been conducted mainly among the non-financial firms, with few on banks. This study turns the attention of TP towards the insurance industry, which has been a good source of fund mobilization in the country. Within the systems panel dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) framework, the study examined the moderating impact of corporate governance (CG) on the relationship between TP and the performance of insurance companies in Ghana. The study employs the causal design to examine the extent and nature of the cause-and-effect relationship between the quantitative variables used. The data comprised of 117 observations from 35 Ghanaian Insurance firms over the 2012–2017 period. The study found evidence of a non-linear relationship between tax planning measured by effective tax rate (ETR) and the performance of insurance companies measured by return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA). Moreover, the study found that CG moderated the relationship between TP and the performance of insurance companies. The study recommends that managers of insurance companies intensify the CG measures to help mitigate the agency conflict and associated costs between management and shareholders.

A stable and healthy insurance industry plays a vital role in sustaining an economy resistant to economic shocks by providing an efficient risk-transition mechanism. There is a relative scarcity of research inspecting the impact of insurers' financial insolvency on the profitability of insurance firms. Employing 2011–2019 panel data of 16 non-life insurance companies operating in Bangladesh, this research endeavors to examine the impacts of insurers' financial insolvency on the profitability of insurance companies measured by return ratios, return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE). Fixed-effect regression outcome implies that insurers' financial insolvency has a significant adverse influence on non-life insurance companies' profitability. Further findings indicate that financial leverage, technical provision, age, and inflation have a noteworthy adverse influence on profitability. The outcomes of this research are of greater significance for policymakers in tackling insolvency and formulating policies to boost the growth of insurance profitability. In addition, this study aims to serve as a benchmark for other countries' insurance industries to emulate recovery strategies from financial insolvency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research is based on a phenomenon that occurs from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic which causes an increase in the consumption of medicines in all levels of society due to efforts to increase immunity to prevent corona virus infection and to see the company's ability to predict future opportunities and strategies is the main key in the success of a company. Companies are also required to innovate products, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic and pharmaceutical companies are intensively innovating products because people are aware of the importance of maintaining health. This study aims to determine the effect of Return On Asset, Return On Equity, Net Profit Margin, and Debt To Equity Ratio on Dividend Payout Ratio. Design/methodology/approach: The independent variables in this study are ROA (X1), ROE (X2), NPM (X3) and DER (X4) and the dependent variable in this study is DPR (Y). The type of research used in this study is a type of quantitative research. This study took all time series data with a period of 5 years 2017 to 2021. The number of research samples with purposive sampling techniques was obtained by as many as 5 companies. Findings: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that ROA, ROE, NPM, and DER have a significant effect on DPR. Originality/value: This paper is original Paper type: Research paper

Today whole society is concerned about the environment pollution and social problems that can be addressed, at least in part, by identifying, measuring, disclosure and assessing the interactions between business and the environment. Doing its business, the company has a responsibility not only to the owners of capital (stockholders), but also has responsibilities to the employees, suppliers, customers, government agencies and other stakeholders. So, the company must always balance the interests of profit with social responsibility. This study aims to analyze and provide empirical evidence about the effect of disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility on the financial performance of cement sector companies in Indonesia with Good Corporate Governance as a control variable. Corporate Social Responsibility is measured using the 2016 Global Reporting Initiative G4 Corporate Social Responsibility index, while corporate financial performance is measured by Tobin's Q, Return on Assets, Return on Equity and Net Profit Margin. The object in this study is a sample of cement sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a study time period of 2015-2019. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained through annual reports of public companies. The results showed that Corporate Social Responsibility has a positive effect on the financial performance of cement sector companies in Indonesia. Therefore, companies need to disclosure their performance in in environmental preservation. The community's need for social and environmental responsibility disclosure is a factor that causing a good performance enhancement effect to the cement industry in Indonesia.

The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of family ownership that influence the profitability of family companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The family companies in this study were classified based on the levels of their family ownership into four groups: 1) less than 25% family ownership; 2) 25-50% family ownership; 3) 50-75% family ownership; and 4) above 75% family ownership in order to compare their profitability in terms of gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on asset, and return on equity according to financial data during 2018-2022. The results showed that the net profit margins of the four groups differed with a statistical significance level of .05. The net profit margin of the first group, which had less than 25% family ownership, was significantly different from that of the other groups. The gross profit margins, returns on asset, and returns on equity of the four groups differed without statistical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profit growth is one indicator that is used to measure the achievement of the company in a period. Profit growth can be predicted through financial ratios analysis. This study aims to determine the effect of financial ratios on profit growth in finance sector companies listed on the IDX in 2014-2018. This study uses a quantitative approach. The sampling technique is through a purposive sampling method with a population of the total number of finance sector companies listed on the IDX in 2014-2018. While the data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that a partial current ratio, debt to asset ratio, and return on asset had a positive and significant impact on profit growth. Return on equity affects negative and not significant to profit growth. Simultaneously, the financial ratios (current ratio, debt to asset ratio, return on asset, and return on equity) have a significant effect on the growth.

The aim of the study was to find out how strong the impact of intellectual capital, profitability and dividends is on the market capitalization of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and included in the LQ45 index from 2014 to 2018. The authors employ the multiple linear regression method. They measure the value of intellectual capital by the value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC ™), and the profitability — by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). To calculate a dividend per share (DPS), they divide the annual dividend by the number of outstanding shares. The results of this study show that intellectual capital and return on assets (ROA) do not significantly affect the company’s market capitalization, while return on equity (ROE) and dividends do. The authors conclude that by the level of efficiency and effectiveness of the company in capital management, one may see whether investors receive higher profits. Therefore, investors are more interested in companies that have a high level of dividend distribution.

The aim of this study is to (1) determine the effect of Return On Asset towards the Stock Price of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (2) determine the effect of Return On Equity towards the Stock Price of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (3) determine the effect of Earning Per Share towards the Stock Price of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (4) determine the effect of Trading Volume towards the Stock Price of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (5) determine the effect of Return On Asset, Return On Equity, Earning Per Share and Trading Volume towards the Stock Price of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study is banking companies listed in the IDX. The selection of samples applies the purposive sampling method. The number of samples is 10 banking companies listed on the IDX in the period of 2015-2018. The data analysis used to test the hypothesis is the Multiple regression analysis technique. Based on the research, results show that (1) Return On Asset gives positive effect towards the Stock Prices (2) Return On Equity Asset have an insignificant effect towards the Stock Prices (3) Earning Per Share Asset gives positive effect towards the Stock Prices (4) Trading Volume Asset have an insignificant effect towards the Stock Prices.

A stable and healthy insurance industry plays a vital role in sustaining an economy resistant to economic shocks by providing an efficient risk-transition mechanism. There is a relative scarcity of research inspecting the impact of insurers’ financial insolvency on the profitability of insurance firms. Employing 2011–2019 panel data of 16 non-life insurance companies operating in Bangladesh, this research endeavors to examine the impacts of insurers’ financial insolvency on the profitability of insurance companies measured by return ratios, return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE). Fixed-effect regression outcome implies that insurers’ financial insolvency has a significant adverse influence on non-life insurance companies’ profitability. Further findings indicate that financial leverage, technical provision, age, and inflation have a noteworthy adverse influence on profitability. The outcomes of this research are of greater significance for policymakers in tackling insolvency and formulating policies to boost the growth of insurance profitability. In addition, this study aims to serve as a benchmark for other countries’ insurance industries to emulate recovery strategies from financial insolvency.

In fast growing economies such as India, banks are seen as financial wagons that support financial progress and also have the additional responsibility to achieve the socio-economic goals of the government. The issue of the recent corrosion in the asset quality of commercial bank is a major distress for the entire banking industry as there has been significant rise in the level of non-performing assets (NPAs) which are considered as a key parameter for assessing performance of banks. In this paper, the asset quality refers to the NPAs in Indian banking sector. This study seeks to examine the influence of NPAs on the performance of banks in India. The study is based on the secondary data of 48 scheduled commercial banks which includes 27 public sector banks and 21 private sector banks for the period 2007-08 to 2017-18, which was gathered and compiled from the published reports of Reserve Bank of India. In this study, NPAs to Gross Advances, Gross NPAs to total assets, Net NPAs to Net Advances and Net NPAs to Total Assets are used as proxy variables for non-performing assets whereas Return on Asset and Return on Equity are used as proxy variables for the performance of banks. The study found that NPAs adversely impacted the performance of banks irrespective of the category of banks. However, the Public Sector Banks were affected more by the augmented level of deteriorating assets quality than their private counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cement industry has a massive contribution to India's GDP and infrastructure development. Due to the demand of cement, new companies from outside also started functioning in our country, but these industries face several problems. Companies are closed or merged due to a lack of financial sustainability and capital structure problems. The study is based on the effect of capital structure on shareholder's value. In this study as a researcher, it has been tried to study and find out the relation of ROA, ROE, leverage ratios, and correlation with EPS. The sample size is five companies from the BSE list (Bombay Stock Exchange), and the last five years of data are studied. As the cement industry is capital-centric, this study will help the industry understand the facts that fulfill the financial objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today whole society is concerned about the environment pollution and social problems that can be addressed, at least in part, by identifying, measuring, disclosure and assessing the interactions between business and the environment. Doing its business, the company has a responsibility not only to the owners of capital (stockholders), but also has responsibilities to the employees, suppliers, customers, government agencies and other stakeholders. So, the company must always balance the interests of profit with social responsibility. This study aims to analyze and provide empirical evidence about the effect of disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility on the financial performance of cement sector companies in Indonesia with Good Corporate Governance as a control variable. Corporate Social Responsibility is measured using the 2016 Global Reporting Initiative G4 Corporate Social Responsibility index, while corporate financial performance is measured by Tobin's Q, Return on Assets, Return on Equity and Net Profit Margin. The object in this study is a sample of cement sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a study time period of 2015-2019. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained through annual reports of public companies. The results showed that Corporate Social Responsibility has a positive effect on the financial performance of cement sector companies in Indonesia. Therefore, companies need to disclosure their performance in in environmental preservation. The community's need for social and environmental responsibility disclosure is a factor that causing a good performance enhancement effect to the cement industry in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working capital management is germane for the success of the banking industry in Nigeria, especially the current state of the sector, which is engulfed with the effect of the global decline in oil price that has resulted in non-performing loans, deterioration of the bank asset quality, laying-off of staff amongst others. This is one of the reasons why the profitability of the banking sector deeply depends on the efficient management of a bank’s working capital. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine how profitability of banks can be enhanced through the working capital management. To empirically carry out the analysis, panel data which consist of ten (10) deposit money banks in Nigeria for seven years (2010–2016) employing the panel fixed effect, panel random effect and the pooled OLS for the two models, which were used as proxies for bank profitability, which includes return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) to examine the best measure for bank profitability, with the indicators of working capital; net interest income, current ratio, profit after tax, and monetary policy rate. Results of the study showed that working capital management has a significant effect on the profitability of the selected banks and that return on asset is a better measure for bank profitability. Therefore, the study recommends that there should be a periodic review of the minimum capital base of the Nigerian deposit money banks so as to mitigate the effects of inflation and inculcate the consequence of time value of money, because the purchasing power of one (₦1) naira or one ($1) dollar today would not be sufficient to purchase what it can purchase today for tomorrow.

PT Jasa Sarana Citra Bestari merupakan suatu perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang jasa yaitu menyediakan alat transportasi untuk kepentingan keberangkatan ke Malaysia. Manajemen profitabilitas sangat dibutuhkan guna mengetahui kondisi keuangan Perusahaan serta dapat membandingkan tingkat kinerja keuangan untuk beberapa periode. Analisa rasio laporan keuangan pada PT. Jasa Sarana Citra Bestari Cabang Bengkali. Analisa rasio profitabilitas adalah rasio yang digunakan untuk menilai kinerja perusahaan yaitu menilai perusahaan dalam mencari keuntungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui Analisa Rasio Laporan Keuangan pada PT. Jasa Sarana Citra Bestari Cabang bengkalis yaitu melalui rasio profitabilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi analisis rasio,yaitu menganalisa dengan menggunakan perhitungan - perhitungan perbandingan atas data kuantitatif yang ditunjukkan dalam neraca maupun laba rugi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Net Profit Margin tahun 2014 yaitu sebesar 46,51% (empat puluh enam koma lima puluh satu persen), tahun 2015 sebesar 54,80% (lima puluh empat koma delapan puluh persen), tahun 2016 sebesar 51,14% (lima puluh satu koma empat belas persen). Return On Asset Tahun 2014 sebesar 11,29% (sebelas koma dua puluh Sembilan persen), tahun 2015 sebesar 16,55% (enam belas koma lima puluh lima persen), tahun 2016 sebesar 13,44% (tiga belas koma empat puluh empat persen). Return On Equity tahun 2014 sebesar 11,29% (sebelas koma dua puluh Sembilan persen), tahun 2015 sebesar 16,55% (enam belas koma lima puluh lima persen), tahun 2016 sebesar 13,44% (tiga belas koma empat puluh empat). Perkembangan tingkat profitabilitas pada PT. Jasa Sarana Citra Bestari Cabang Bengkalis pada tahun 2014 - 2016 mengalami fluktuasi atau penaikan dan penurunan setiap tahunnya.

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The objectives of this research are to examine the factors affecting the profitability of family businesses listed in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The study compares the effects of CEO factors and Board-of-Director factors on the profitability of the companies measured by Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return on Asset, and Return on Equity, employing financial data during 2007-2017. The results show that companies with women CEOs exhibit Gross Profit Margin different than those with men CEOs at statistically significant level of .05, while the differences with respect to profitability indicators of Net Profit Margin, Return on Asset and Return on Equity are not statistically significant at level of .05. Regarding the Board of Director factors, the companies with women familymember directorship exhibit Return of Asset and Return on Equity different than those with no women family-member directorship at statistically significant level of .05, while the differences with respect to Gross Profit Margin and Net Profit Margin are not statistically significant at level of .05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wave of fraud in Nigerian banks has continued to be on the rise. There were 20,768 reported cases of fraud and forgery (attempted and successful) valued at N19.77 billion in 2018, compared with 16,762 cases, involving N5.52 billion and US$ 0.12 million in the period of 2017. The amount lost to fraud and forgeries in the first six months of 2018 total N12.06 billion, compared with the N0.78 billion and US$0.03 million suffered in the first half of the year 2017. This study therefore, sought to investigate the effect of fraud on the financial performance of banks in Nigeria. The secondary data on Total Amount of Bank Fraud (TABF), Percent of Expected Loss to Amount of Bank Fraud (BFRD), Foreign Exchange Malpractices (FEM), Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) spanning the period 2008-2018 utilized in the study were extracted from the CBN and the NDIC Statistical Bulletins. To determine the effect of fraud on financial performance, the multivariate regression model was employed. However, the analyses were done via windows software - STATA 13.0 version. The findings showed that TABF and FEM significantly affects the reported figures for RETOA and RETOE. However, BFRD does not have effect on the RETOA and RETOE of banks in Nigeria. Thus, the study concludes that fraud significantly and negatively influences financial performance of banks in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends among others, that in order to improve on the Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), Nigerian banks should strengthen and institute effective and efficient internal control in recording, processing and authorization of business financial transactions that would mitigate the incidence of fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining credit risk and banks' solvency effects on profitability are essential for overall health of the banking sector. However, earlier studies on these nexuses are not instructive given their failure to examine how credit risk and capital adequacy levels impact on profitability for the different types of banks. In addition to re-examining the effect of credit risk and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) on profitability of the overall banking sector, this study aims at determining their differential effects on profitability of local and foreign banks within Ghana's banking sector. The study relies on data from 11 banks spanning 2006–2016 while employing the fixed effects estimation approach. Results from the study show a positive and significant effect of credit risk on profitability with huge effect for local relative to foreign banks. However, CAR negatively affects profitability of foreign banks with no apparent impact on local banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstrak: Pengaruh Earning Per Share, Price to Book Value, Return on Asset, dan Return on Equity Terhadap Harga Saham Sektor Keuangan. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Earning Per Share (EPS), Price to Book Value (PBV), Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan sektor keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2010-2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan tahunan yang diperoleh dari ICMD dan sumber pendukung yang lain. Teknik pengambilan sampel diambil dengan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 237 perusahaan sektor keuangan dari 255 perusahaan yang terdaftar di ICMD. Data dianalisis dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel EPS, PBV, ROA, dan ROE tahun 2010-2014 secara simultan dan parsial mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap variabel harga saham. Kata Kunci: Earning Per Share, Price to Book Value, Return on Asset, Return on Equity, Harga Saham Abstract: The Influence of Earning Per Share, Price to Book Value, Return on Asset, and Return on Equity to Stock Price in Finance Company. The research purpose is to examine the influence of EPS, PBV, ROA and ROE to stock price simultaneously or partially in finance sector companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2010-2014. The research using secondary data based on the annual report taken from Indonesia Capital Market Directory and Indonesia Stock Exchange and other support sources. This study uses purposive sampling and 237 of 255 finance sector companies listed in ICMD used as the sample. This research uses multiple regression analysis. The research result shows that EPS, PBV, ROA, and ROE in 2010-2014 simultaneous and partially positive significantly affected by the stock price. Keyword: Earning Per Share, Price to Book Value, Return on Asset, Return on Equity, Stock Price.

This paper examines the relationship between ceding office gross premium income, underwriting profit and financial stability. The study made use of primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained from 246 respondents selected from those companies through the use of structured questionnaire. The secondary data obtained from the 2014 and 2015 published financials of the selected ten companies were used to determine the Reinsurance Ceded Ratio (RCR), Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) as well as the Ratio of Reinsurance Recoverables to Policyholders Surplus (RRPHS). A descriptive research design was employed. The sampling technique adopted was purposive in nature. The study population comprises 56 insurance companies in Nigeria. More so, data collected was analysed using correlation analytical method. The results of this study are quite in line with previous studies and show that reinsurance purchase increases significantly the insurers’ premium income. It is also shown that profitability of the firm is sensitive to change in reinsurance utilisation and has a positive relationship with it. It was established in the study that purchasing reinsurance reduces insurers’ insolvency risk by stabilizing loss experience and increasing capacity. Recommendations were made.

Related-party transactions (RPTs) are usually dual in nature since they fulfill the economic needs of the firm while at the same time, they serve as mechanisms through which the resources of firms are manipulated, exploited and diverted. This paper takes cognizance of both aspects by investigating the relation between transactions deemed to have taken place by related parities and the financial health/position/performance of Nigerian firms. The financial health/performance parameters of concern to this study are Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equities (ROA) and Earnings. The expost-facto design was employed and performance data were sourced from the financial reports/statements of sampled firms during the period 2007 – 2014. The data so obtained were analyzed by the simple regression technique. The insinuation from our findings is that transactions deemed to have taken place by related parties are not significant, and are not correlated with financial performance. We also found no proof of cause-effect link amid such transactions and the performance measures adopted by this study. On this note, we recommend a stern regulation of transactions that are deemed to have taken place by related parties in Nigeria. It is believed that this would discourage their non-transparent use especially in the area of earnings manipulation.

This paper extends the prior studies on corporate performance by empirically exploring the impact of overall corporate governance structure on firm performance. To unveil the objective of this study, firstly corporate governance index is built using Principal Component Analysis with 6 (six) identified corporate governance mechanisms from prior studies and then examines its effect on firms’ performance. This study draws a sample of twenty-four (24) financial companies from the listed financial institutions in Nigeria for the period of 2013–2017. The formulated hypotheses are tested by employing static panel data estimators that are Fixed effect and Random Effect Regression. The results reveal that while controlling for firms’ characteristics, constructed corporate governance indicator has a significant and negative influence on the firm performance measured by Return on Asset and Return on Equity. This finding supports that larger board, larger board committees and significant executive involvement have a detrimental influence on the performance of firms. The result implies a weak corporate governance structure is detrimental to higher financial performance amidst the weak institutions characterized in Nigeria context. That is, weaker corporate governance exhibits lower financial performance. This study then recommends that the corporate governance structure in Nigeria listed firms should be review with the intention to enhance the firm performance. Furthermore, it encourages the regulatory agencies like Central Bank of Nigeria, National Insurance Commission and Securities and Exchange Commission, to monitor the compliance of the listed firms to good governance endeavour.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the realtionship between privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and financial performance. Net profit margin (NPM) is used to assess the efficiency level whereas return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are used to assess the level of profitability for financial performance evaluation. Based on purposive sampling, 19 SOEs are obtained as the sample. The results showed NPM and ROA decreased significantly after the privatization. In conclusion, SOEs in Indonesia has not been realized perfectly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]