1. Discovery of Novel Amino Acids (Analogues)-Substituted Thiophene[3,2- d ]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation.
- Author
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Zhuo Z, Wang Z, Jing L, Zhang T, Ge A, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Li X, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X, and Kang D
- Subjects
- Humans, Structure-Activity Relationship, Molecular Docking Simulation, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacology, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors chemistry, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors chemical synthesis, HIV Reverse Transcriptase antagonists & inhibitors, HIV Reverse Transcriptase metabolism, HIV-1 drug effects, HIV-1 enzymology, Pyrimidines pharmacology, Pyrimidines chemistry, Pyrimidines chemical synthesis, Thiophenes pharmacology, Thiophenes chemistry, Thiophenes chemical synthesis, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Anti-HIV Agents chemistry, Anti-HIV Agents chemical synthesis, Drug Design, Amino Acids chemistry
- Abstract
Inspired by our previous work on the modification of diarylpyrimidine-typed non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and the reported crystallographic studies, a series of novel amino acids (analogues)-substituted thiophene[3,2- d ]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized by targeting the solvent-exposed region of the NNRTI-binding pocket. The biological evaluation results showed that compound 5k was the most active inhibitor, exhibiting moderate-to-excellent potency against HIV-1 wild-type (WT) and a panel of NNRTI-resistant strains, with EC
50 values ranging from 0.042 μM to 7.530 μM. Of special note, 5k exhibited the most potent activity against single-mutant strains (K103N and E138K), with EC50 values of 0.031 μM and 0.094 μM, being about 4.3-fold superior to EFV (EC50 = 0.132 μM) and 1.9-fold superior to NVP (EC50 = 0.181 μM), respectively. In addition, 5k demonstrated lower cytotoxicity (CC50 = 27.9 μM) and higher selectivity index values. The HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibition assay was further performed to confirm their binding target. Moreover, preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) and molecular docking studies were also discussed in order to provide valuable insights for further structural optimizations. In summary, 5k turned out to be a promising NNRTI lead compound for further investigations of treatments for HIV-1 infections.- Published
- 2024
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