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Although some intravenous drugs have been used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no effective antiviral agents are currently available in the outpatient setting. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of 14-day ciclesonide treatment vs. standard care for patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. A randomized, open-label, multicenter clinical trial of ciclesonide inhalers was conducted in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Patients were enrolled within 3 days of diagnosis or within 7 days from symptom onset and randomly assigned to receive either ciclesonide (320 µg inhalation twice per day for 14 days) or standard care. The primary endpoint was the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) eradication rate on day 14 from study enrollment. Clinical status was assessed once daily, and serial nasopharyngeal viral load was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. There were 35 and 26 patients in the ciclesonide and standard care groups, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2 eradication rate at day 14 was significantly higher in the ciclesonide group (p = 0.021). In multivariate analysis, SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion within 14 days was 12 times more likely in the ciclesonide group (95% confidence interval, 1.187–125.240). Additionally, the clinical failure rate (high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation) was significantly lower in the ciclesonide group (p = 0.034). In conclusion, ciclesonide inhalation shortened SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding duration, and it may inhibit the progression to acute respiratory failure in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration NCT04330586. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne disease characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and multiple organ failure and is caused by a novel bunyavirus. Human-to-human transmission has been reported previously, but the mode of transmission has not been clarified thoroughly. Study design We identified a case of a 73-year-old woman with SFTS and performed a semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR) assay on her blood, tracheal aspirate, gastric aspirate and urine to detect SFTS virus (SFTSV). Results During 7-day hospitalization, all the serum samples showed positive C t values lower than 35 in both the S and M segments, suggesting the presence of the SFTSV RNA. After initiation of plasma exchange, serum SFTSV load markedly decreased, but still remained positive. The SFTS viral RNA was also detected in other body fluids, including tracheal aspirate and gastric aspirate. Conclusion These results suggest that droplet transmission can occur through close contact with infected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]