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Soil microflora is a powerful indicator of the condition of arable soils. This review summarizes the latest scientific reports concerning the structure of the microbial cenosis of meadow-chernozemic soil under agrogenic effects, as well as demonstrate its own results. The research was carried out on spring soft wheat in field experiments of the Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in order to determine the effect of the use of biological products of associative diazotrophs on the biological (ecological) properties of the rhizosphere of spring soft wheat and to determine their relationship with crop yield. In this research we found out that the root microbiome of soft wheat reacted ambiguously to inoculation of biological products and depended both on the genotypic characteristics of the varieties and on the preparations used. The number of copiotrophs, oligonitrophils and microfungis increased in the rhizosphere of spring soft wheat of the Omsk 44 variety when using the bacterial fertilizer Flavobacterin. The Omskaya 44 variety also stood out with the largest total number of microflora, the use of the Flavobacterin biopreparation stimulated its growth relative to the control by 22%. The use of Mizorin did not significantly affect the activity of root microorganisms. The microbial population of wheat varieties Omskaya 42 and Tarskaya 12 did not respond to the introduction of bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter mysorens 7 and Flavobacterium sp. L-30. Immobilization processes prevailed in the rhizosphere of the studied varieties, to the greatest extent in wheat Tarskaya 12 and Omskaya 44. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes in most variants of the experiment tended to increase relative to the control (up to 17%), however, the activity of the redox enzyme catalase decreased from the applied agricultural method within the experimental error (up to 4%). A statistically significant (p