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The aim of this study was to compare the microbial community structure and diversity in powdery mildew-infected and noninfected strawberry plant rhizosphere soils in the greenhouse based on variations in the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 and fungal ITS2 regions by Illumina amplicon sequencing. Powdery mildew infection reduced the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and prokaryotic and fungal community richness/diversity indexes in the rhizosphere soils compared with those in healthy plant soils. Furthermore, 3543 prokaryotic and 581 fungal OTUs were obtained at the 97% similarity level. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla; Woesearchaeota_DHVEG-6, Bathyarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota were the dominant archaea; and Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, unclassified_fungi, and Zygomycota were the dominant fungal phyla. Their proportions differed significantly among samples. Wolbachia, Devosia, Pseudolabrys, Streptomyces, and Rhizomicrobium were the most abundant bacterial genera; their proportions differed significantly among samples. Most Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and 'norank' group members might be potential antagonistic microorganisms of powdery mildew pathogens, and Wolbachia and Rickettsia might be pathogen-transmitting vectors. Microascus, Clitopilus, and Ciliophora were the dominant fungi, and their community structures and abundances significantly differed among samples. Microascus, Talaromyces, Zopfiella, and Cryptococcus were relatively more abundant in the powdery mildew-infected strawberry plant rhizosphere soils. Fusarium, Trichoderma, Clitopilus, and 'unclassified' group members may be potential antagonistic populations. The results suggested that powdery mildew-infected strawberry fruits and plants cannot be consumed. This report is the first study to illustrate differences in the rhizosphere soil prokaryotic and fungal communities between powdery mildew-infected and noninfected strawberry plants in a greenhouse.

Huagaimu (Manglietiastrum sinicum) trees are critically endangered species and classified as a plant species with extremely small populations in China. Rhizospheres and bulk soils prokaryotic communities play an important role to protect and promote plants health and growth. However, the compositions and structures of prokaryotic communities in wild and reintroduced M. sinicum rhizospheres and bulk soils are still poorly understood. In the present study, prokaryotic communities in wild and reintroduced M. sinicum rhizospheres and bulk soils were compared using high-throughput sequencing. Thirty-two phyla, 76 classes, 193 orders, 296 families, and 470 genera of prokaryotes were obtained. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the two most abundant phyla in all soil samples. The compositions and structures of prokaryotic communities were overall similar, and the abundance of some taxa varied significantly among soil samples. Soil prokaryotic communities were significantly affected by soil pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. Eleven of predicted functions were significantly different among the four soil groups. This study provides for the first insights into the compositions, structures, and potential functions of prokaryotic communities associated with wild and reintroduced M. sinicum rhizospheres and bulk soils, and providing a foundation for future research to help protect this endangered species.

Magnolia sinica is a critically endangered species and considered a &ldquo, plant species with extremely small populations&rdquo, (PSESP). It is an endemic species in southeastern Yunnan Province, China, with reproductive barriers. Rhizosphere fungi play a crucial role in plant growth and health. However, the composition, diversity, and function of fungal communities in wild and reintroduced M. sinica rhizospheres remain unknown. In this study, Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region was used to analyze rhizospheric soil samples from wild and reintroduced M. sinica. Thirteen phyla, 45 classes, 105 orders, 232 families, and 433 genera of fungi were detected. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were dominant across all samples. The fungal community composition was similar between the wild and reintroduced rhizospheres, but the fungal taxa relative abundances differed. The fungal community richness was higher in the reintroduced rhizosphere than in the wild rhizosphere, but the diversity showed the opposite pattern. Soil nutrients and leaf litter significantly affected the fungal community composition and functional diversity. Here, the composition, structure, diversity, and ecological functions of the fungal communities in the rhizospheres of wild and reintroduced M. sinica were elucidated for the first time, laying a foundation for future research and endangered species protection.