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The focus of this paper is to find out what are the main meanings and functions of selected rituals in the life of Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi order. The theoretical part is directed at the main terms and concepts of meanings and functions of ritual, rites of passage and role of ritual in religion. In the practical part of the thesis, the particular religious group is being discussed in the broader context of Sufism and Naqshbandi order. The present-day situation of the order is being described especially in relation to the Sufi centre in Germany Osmanische Herberge where the long-term field research was conducted. Selected rituals that the research aimed at are the initiation ceremony bajca, rites of recollection dhikr and hadra and the wedding ceremony. With every ritual, the fundamental meanings and functions that these rituals mean for the group are being analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last fifteen years, the ethnic make-up of Moscow's mosques has undergone significant change, while the number of practicing Muslims has grown manifold. These quantitative changes are connected with both the internal migration of people from the North Caucasian republics (a migration that had already begun in the early 1990s) and the external migration of natives of Central Asian states, primarily Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kirgizia (a mass migration dating from the 2000s). This paper is dedicated to two phenomena of contemporary Moscow Muslim life - the loud dhikr of the Kunta Hajji wird of the Qadiri tariqa, practiced by Chechens and Ingush; and the religious practices of the Central Asian 'uninstitutionalized' mullas. Both spiritual practices are popular and have great significance for a considerable proportion of Moscow Muslims, including those who do not directly participate in them. What both practices have in common is also found in their marginal nature with regard both to institutionalized Moscow Islam and to the fundamentalist trend which is now gathering steam here. This is an attempt to identify some specific features of contemporary Moscow Islam through the analysis of certain practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]