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Copyright of Turcology Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erciyes Akademi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Security is one of the essential issues for every individual and society. States want to be protected from internal and external dangers and to make the people feel safe against possible dangers. Law enforcement agencies such as the gendarmerie and the police ensure the peace and security of states in the world. Places that felt insecure often became enceinte with problems. Due to the troubles in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, various outbursts arose. Especially after the First World War, when the central authority was shaken, an opportunity arose for many bandits. Therefore, gaps have emerged in the state at the point of public order and security. The country has made various attempts to fill the void. The study deals with the evolution of the zaptiye into the gendarmerie and then the interaction of the banditry activities of the Ottoman gendarme in Sivas. The prime source for unearthing all of this was the The Ottoman Archive of the Presidency of the State Archives of the Presidency. The bandit activities encountered in the archive scans are conveyed in chronological order and in all their aspects. The Gendarmerie took care to suppress the corruption committed by the bandits with all its means. The questions of exactly where, by whom and how the activities were carried out were answered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of armed banditry has exacerbated the security conundrum in Nigeria to create a multidimensional security quandary. Meanwhile, the extant studies on the matter offer insubstantial theoretical explanations. This study attempts an extensive approach that captures the necessitating factors for banditry from an opportunistic standpoint. This is heralded on the presupposition that crime occurs as a result of the opportunities presented to carry it out. Therefore, this study adopts the theories of crime opportunities, such as routine activity theory, rational choice and crime pattern to expound on the incidence of armed banditry in Nigeria. It was found out that opportunities play a role in banditry; the phenomenon is concentrated in time and space; the opportunities for the menace is highly specific and that the incidence produces opportunities for other crimes. Solutions rooted in the theoretical proposition of situational crime prevention and crime prevention through environmental design theories are thence proffered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Bingol University / Rectorate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The war that took place between 1683 and 1718 and the following developments led to a social and economic collapse in Anatolian cities as well as in the entire empire. Since the majority of the administrators in the rural went to the battle during the Second Siege of Vienna and following wars, bandits who belong to different people and groups attempted banditry events that disturbed the social order in many regions of Anatolia. In fact, this irregular environment that occurred in the rural areas of Ottoman Empire, caused population mobility in cities and rural areas. In the early modern period, the characteristics of the cities formed the central-rural relations. In this context, it is important to evaluate the events of 18th century which was expressed as the period of breaking and change for the Ottoman Empire and the events between 1683 and 1718 which affect this century, in terms of Anatolian cities. In this study, bandit movements caused by the events in administrative, military, economic and social fields between 1683 and 1718 were therefore examined in the example of Manisa District. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long and tired wars which continued in the XVI. century from the end of the XVII. century had profound repercussions on the Ottoman Empire in the administrative, financial, military and social fields. Thuggery movements began to occur frequently in the cities, towns and villages of Anatolia then Rumelia. In addition to the masses of helpless unemployed in economic distress, military and administrative tasks were also included in this banditry movement. In the years following the defeat of Vienna II, the bandits who put great exercise influence over on the people under the pretext of the war environment undertook many activities such as latrocination, killings and robberies. During this period, the road between Istanbul and Belgrade, known as the central branch of Rumeli, became more intense than ever due to the conditions of war. Groups of bandits, who knew of this opportunity, hid in the appropriate places and frequently attacked the passengers, soldiers and officials passing by. Road safety has been seriously imperiled, particularly at level crossings between Sofia and Belgrade, which are more suited to attack and concealment. In order to prevent this, the Ottoman administration tried to increase the defensive forces of the fortresses and redoubts on the road and sent reinforcements from various places of Rumelia to neutralize the bandit. However, due to the security gap caused by the war environment and the support of the local Christian inhabitants , the bandit was able to continue its activities during the war years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]