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Purpose: This study aims to explore the challenges reported by Israeli school vice-principals regarding their relationships with principals and teachers. The study examines two questions: (1) How do vice-principals perceive the challenges involved in their relationships with principals and teachers? and (2) How do they respond to these challenges? Design/methodology/approach: The study employed a qualitative approach to explore the challenges encountered by Israeli school vice-principals in their relationships with principals and teachers. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 17 vice-principals, allowing for an in-depth understanding of their perspectives and experiences. Findings: The findings of the study highlight three challenges mentioned by the research participants: bridging between principals and teachers, maintaining complete loyalty to both sides and middle-ground responsibility for the school. Originality/value: This study enriches the existing literature on vice-principals by investigating their distinct position as intermediaries bridging teachers and principals. It offers valuable insights into the challenges they encounter in their interactions with both parties, as well as their strategies to tackle these issues. Through the application of role theory, the research deepens comprehension of the intricate nature of the vice-principals' role, providing pragmatic suggestions for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on the significance of nuclear ambiguity in Iran and the nuclear ambiguity policy of Israel. He explores the validity of the benefits of Iran's nuclear ambiguity, mentioning that nuclear ambiguity policy is as a diplomatic fiction. He discusses the possibility of nuclear ambiguity between the two countries in consideration to arms control and highlights the possibility of nuclear balance.

Effectiveness (role effectiveness, empowerment, and job satisfaction) in social work relates to provision of better client services. This article examines the relationship between role-related stress and perceived effectiveness in light of recent social and economic changes in Israeli rural communities. Role ambiguity and role conflict correlated negatively with perceived effectiveness, though role ambiguity correlated more than role conflict. Thus, in order to increase effectiveness, it is essential to enhance social workers' understanding of new social trends and provide them with knowledge and skills for coping with social changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]