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In this paper, I examined the Romanian institutions and their networking in Szeklerland, while I also looked at how this institutional system is represented in the Romanian media from Szeklerland. I was curious to see if there was a connection between the image developed and distributed by the Romanian language media and the everyday reality of Romanians living in that region, taking into consideration the fact that the representation of Szeklerland in the media and the reality of people living there do not always overlap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study draws attention to the tight connection between the Transylvanian School and the prelates of the Greek Catholic Church, who advocated the replacement of the Cyrillic alphabet with the Latin script, the creation of schools and education of the youth, and the rights of the Romanians in Transylvania based on their Latin origin and allegiance to the Church of Rome. The contribution of the Greek Catholic scholars and priests does not only refer to historical and cultural aspects, but also to the rejuvenation of the Romanian language, as proven by the promotion of Latin-Romance neologisms to the detriment of Slavic synonyms. The evolution of the Liturgikon for over two centuries testifies to the modernisation of the Romanian vocabulary. Nowadays, a uniformisation of religious books would be necessary, along with the elimination of incorrect forms which are not in accordance with current academic regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Franciscans carried out an important pastoral ministry in the Diocese of Alba Iulia, which included Romanian-speaking communities. A particular example of this ministry is the decades-long preaching of István Olti, OFM, a Hungarian friar, to Romanian believers, in the first half of the 19th century. This essay discusses his unpublished Romanian sermons given in Grădiștea de Munte, Sibișel, Sebeșel and Rodna Veche, preserved in the Franciscan Archives in Cluj. The sermons, entirely inspired by the Bible, are interesting not only as witnesses of the Franciscan ministry to Romanianspeaking communities, but also as examples of religious texts in Romanian, written with Latin characters, a phonetic transcription using Hungarian letters and digraphs, in a (trans)formative period of the Romanian language, when writing and printing used Cyrillic characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book recently published by the Publishing House of the Romanian Academy is one of the touchstones that even the best professionals in the field often stumble upon. An old text edition, written between 1725 and 1736, in two languages with a difficult structure and, whatever may be said, foreign to the author, namely Christian Latin and Romanian spoken in Moldavia in an age of dramatic searches for literary forms, is not within everyone's reach. On the other hand, it is a dogmatic text, with a lexico-semantic, grammatical and pragmatic-stylistic specificity that is difficult to penetrate and convey in the modern era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyse how Romanian has been perceived, known and presented by some of the great foreign linguists of the past one hundred years. They are dialectologists, Romance languages' specialists, grammarians, mostly from the European space, who have known differently Romanian language and approached it in their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The way humorous verbal communication is construed in a linguaculture can be analyzed within the framework of cognitive metaphor theory and its more discursive and cultural developments. Cognitive/conceptual metaphors are instrumental for framing humor as a communicative form which goes beyond mere aesthetic experience. This article focuses on the conceptualization of verbal forms of humor in Romanian. The examples are retrieved mainly from internet mediated communication, backed by corpus analysis, and compared to older literary examples (19th–early 20th century). The examples illustrate the stability of various metaphorical scenarios in the Romanian linguaculture. The analysis reveals that several conventional metaphorical scenarios exist in parallel, displaying what are the functions of humor in an emic perspective. In the case of the Romanian examples, the list comprises the disciplinary, aesthetic, and therapeutic functions. The main metaphorical scenarios are subsumed to (physical) aggression, food, and health domains. The scenarios associated with each domain emphasize a certain function: for example, the disciplinary function of humor relates to physical aggression, while the aesthetic function relates to food. However, the conventional scenarios also show combinations between these functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Romance language spoken in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and later the Republic of Moldova has been studied for nearly half a century. The Soviets characterized this Bessarabian dialect of Romanian as a separate Eastern Romance language for political reasons, as they feared the development of cross-border pan-Romanianism. Western linguists, beginning in the late1970s, wrote of this linguistic obfuscation and uncovered the Cyrillicized plagiarism of Romanian textbooks and grammars used in the Moldovan school system. Due primarily to its century-long contact with Russian and Ukrainian, the dialect of Romanian spoken today in Moldova has departed considerably from standard Romanian in its lexicology, phonology and to some extent, even in its grammar. The characterization of the Moldovan idiom today as the Moldovan language or a dialect of Romanian continues to carry political and sociological ramifications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we propose a brief presentation of the evolution of syntaxspecific terminology, from the grammar of Dimitrie Eustatievici Brașoveanul (1757) to that of Heliade Rădulescu (1828). The situation of the evolution of specialised terms must be seen in relation to the process of cultural development of the Romanian provinces from the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. Grammatical works from this period are poorly represented in terms of terminology in the field of syntax because the terms obtained through semantic or structural linguistic calques, as well as neological borrowings followed a multiple model, depending on the foreign sources towards which the authors of the grammars were oriented and depending on the influences exerted on the Romanian language during this transition period, in the process of language modernisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lingua (Language & Culture) is the property of Lingua Centre for the Development & Improvement of Communication in the Public Sphere and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Teaching Romanian to foreign students at the Preparatory Year at the University of Craiova is vital for both personal and academic growth. It fosters cultural exchange and mutual understanding, enhances academic success, promotes inclusivity and diversity, and contributes to the growth of the Romanian economy. By offering language courses and cultural experiences, the University of Craiova showcases the benefits of studying in Romania, and highlights its academic and cultural strengths. This not only attracts more students to the university, but also contributes to the growth of the Romanian economy, as international students bring in revenue and stimulate local businesses. Furthermore, by interacting with international students, locals can broaden their horizons and gain new perspectives, further promoting cultural exchange and mutual understanding. The Romanian language is an essential tool for communication and diplomacy, and learning it is an investment in one's future. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the ability to speak multiple languages and understand different cultures is more important than ever. By learning Romanian, foreign students at the University of Craiova can gain a unique perspective on the world, and develop skills and knowledge that will serve them well in their personal and professional lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies about Language / Kalbu Studijos is the property of Studies about Language / Kalbu Studijos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, I aim at presenting some relevant opinions regarding the concept of expressiveness from a stylistic point of view. Most of these opinions and ideas, taken here into consideration, belong to Romanian linguists or literary critics (such as Iorgu Iordan, Tudor Vianu, Dumitru Caracostea, Ion Coteanu and others), even when they try to interprete or to adapt (according to their own perspective) the conceptions of some important foreign linguists (such as Ch. Bally, R. Jakobson et alii). At the same time, mention must be made that a goal of this article is to render the respective Romanian ideas in connection to the expressive (linguistic) resources of the Romanian language itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Legal compliance is influenced by several factors, including individuals' attitudes about when breaking the law may be acceptable or justifiable. The rule orientation scale provides a measurement capable of predicting an individual's offensive behavior, regardless of the legal punishment. The current research is the first that aims to evaluate the construct validity of the translated Romanian version of the rule orientation scale. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted online among Romanian physicians in Dolj County. A 12-item questionnaire previously validated in the United States was used for this study. Results: A total of 69 physicians responded to the survey with a mean age of 38.53 ± 8.28 and an average experience of 10.49 ± 8.27 years. Physicians were prone to adhere to the law and found only a few instances when legal breaches were acceptable. Nonetheless, they deemed it permissible to violate the law when they did not know its content. These attitudes were not affected by respondents' ages, genders, numbers of years in practice, industries, or specialties. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was high (Cronbach's α = 0.925). Conclusions: The rule orientation scale validated in the Romanian language can be used to determine conditions under which individuals find it acceptable to break the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Email classification systems are essential for handling and organizing the massive flow of communication, especially in a business context. Although many solutions exist, the lack of standardized classification categories limits their applicability. Furthermore, the lack of Romanian language business-oriented public datasets makes the development of such solutions difficult. To this end, we introduce a versatile automated email classification system based on a novel public dataset of 1447 manually annotated Romanian business-oriented emails. Our corpus is annotated with 5 token-related labels, as well as 5 sequence-related classes. We establish a strong baseline using pre-trained Transformer models for token classification and multi-task classification, achieving an F1-score of 0.752 and 0.764, respectively. We publicly release our code together with the dataset of labeled emails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will present an approach for interconnecting some of the most important lexical resources for the Romanian language, among which the Corpus for Contemporary Romanian Language (CoRoLa), Romanian WordNet, the Thesaurus Dictionary of Romanian Language in Electronic Format (eDTLR). We will show how they are indexed to each other in order to obtain a standard interconnected structure, and then, we will present a general architecture of a system dedicated to interconnecting lexical resources "on the fly". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at highlighting some of the most important findings and observations resulting from some extensive research on metaphorical anatomical terms in folk Romanian language, as reflected on the dialect maps in the ALRR. Sinteză and other Romanian linguistic atlases, including those dealing with South-Danube Romanian dialects. The methodological and theoretical considerations regarding the folk metaphor, which has become a form of catachresis through daily use, and the lexico-semantic field of human body parts, similar, in many respects, to a terminology, are complemented by observations on how the metaphorization process actually occurs within this lexical subset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we introduce an extended, freely available resource for the Romanian language, named RoLEX. The dataset was developed mainly for speech processing applications, yet its applicability extends beyond this domain. RoLEX includes over 330,000 curated entries with information regarding lemma, morphosyntactic description, syllabification, lexical stress and phonemic transcription. The process of selecting the list of word entries and semi-automatically annotating the complete lexical information associated with each of the entries is thoroughly described. The dataset's inherent knowledge is then evaluated in a task of concurrent prediction of syllabification, lexical stress marking and phonemic transcription. The evaluation looked into several dataset design factors, such as the minimum viable number of entries for correct prediction, the optimisation of the minimum number of required entries through expert selection and the augmentation of the input with morphosyntactic information, as well as the influence of each task in the overall accuracy. The best results were obtained when the orthographic form of the entries was augmented with the complete morphosyntactic tags. A word error rate of 3.08% and a character error rate of 1.08% were obtained this way. We show that using a carefully selected subset of entries for training can result in a similar performance to the performance obtained by a larger set of randomly selected entries (twice as many). In terms of prediction complexity, the lexical stress marking posed most problems and accounts for around 60% of the errors in the predicted sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to research, based on our own linguistic material, as well as accessible publications, the influence of the Hungarian language on the Transylvanian dialect of Boyash Romanian in Croatia or, more precisely, to identify Hungarianisms that appear in the lexicon. In this regard, it is necessary to distinguish between at least two main categories of Hungarianisms - those that are present also in the Romanian language from Romania and those that are specific only to the Transylvanian dialect of Boyash Romanian spoken in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the principles of writing the Romanian language in relation with the new orthographic dictionary. Phonetic, morphological, syntactical and etymological aspects led to the establishment of a system of rules in the Romanian writing language that can be easily learned and applied. Last year appeared the third edition of the orthographic dictionary regulating current writing. The Orthographic, Orthoepic and Morphological Dictionary of the Romanian Language (DOOM) adapts the writing of Romanian to current requirements, even if some double variants and also linguistic uncertainties are still present. The frequency of errors in today‘s press shows that publishers and journalists show a lack of professionalism, promoting media products of questionable quality, as well as the lack of trust in such valid tools that can improve correct writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to emphasize how lexical particles and grammatical constructions express indirect evidentiality and the speaker's stance in Romanian. As with the other Romance languages, Romanian contains the grammatical means to express the speaker's knowledge source, such as the Conditional Mood, a prototypical quotative/reportative evidential marking, or the Subjunctive and the Future, which, together with the Presumptive, a modal form specific to this linguistic system alone, function as markers of indirect evidentiality of the inferential type. Additionally, each of these forms can be augmented by a rich lexicalized system of adverbs and particles. For example, pesemne ['probably', literally on + signs], poate ['may be'; a regressive form from the third person singular of the verb a se putea < Late Latin *potere (Classical Latin posse)], probabil ['probably', < a borrowing from the Fr. probable and the Lat. probabilis] are lexical particles of inferential evidentiality, and cică ['supposedly'; a lexicalized form from the expression [se zi]ce că - literally it said that], pasămite ['apparently' whose etymology is controversial] and chipurile ['supposedly'; a borrowing from Hungarian, literally 'faces'] are means of quotative/reportative evidentiality. This lexical and grammatical system marking indirect evidentiality will be analyzed with respect to their grammaticalization processes, but also addressing the discursive behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study compared the online comprehension and the production of multiple interrogatives in 18 Romanian-English bilingual children aged 6;0-9;2 (MAGE = 8;0) living in the UK who have Romanian as heritage language (L1) and English as majority language (L2) and 32 Romanian monolingual children aged 6;11 to 9;8 (MAGE = 8;3). We examined whether differences emerge between heritage and monolingual children in the online comprehension and in the production of multiple interrogatives in Romanian, which requires fronting of all wh-phrases, contrary to English. The main aim was to uncover to which extent similarities or differences in morphosyntactic properties between the L1 and the L2 systems affect the acquisition and processing of the heritage language/L1. Online comprehension was assessed in a self-paced listening task, while production was assessed using an elicitation task. The results reveal that Romanian heritage children show similar online comprehension patterns to monolingual children for multiple interrogatives in Romanian. A different pattern emerges for production as heritage children produce less complex multiple questions in Romanian and avoid movement of two wh-phrases in all elicited structures. Given that their predominant responses for multiple interrogatives only make use of the structural option present in English, namely one fronted wh-phrase and one in-situ, we take this to show that there is transfer from the majority language to the heritage language. Thus, language production in the children's L1 seems to be affected by properties of the dominant L2, under cross-linguistic influence. Taken together, the results for both comprehension and production suggest that heritage children are able to establish the underlying representation of multiple wh-movement structures, similarly to monolinguals, but have difficulties activating the more complex structure in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increased popularity of social media platforms such as Twitter or Facebook, sentiment analysis (SA) over the microblogging content becomes of crucial importance. The literature reports good results for well-resourced languages such as English, Spanish or German, but open research space still exists for underrepresented languages such as Romanian, where there is a lack of public training datasets or pretrained word embeddings. The majority of research on Romanian SA tackles the issue in a binary classification manner (positive vs. negative), using a single public dataset which consists of product reviews. In this paper, we respond to the need for a media surveillance project to possess a custom multinomial SA classifier for usage in a restrictive and specific production setup. We describe in detail how such a classifier was built, with the help of an English dataset (containing around 15 , 000 tweets) translated to Romanian with a public translation service. We test the most popular classification methods that could be applied to SA, including standard machine learning, deep learning and BERT. As we could not find any results for multinomial sentiment classification (positive, negative and neutral) in Romanian, we set two benchmark accuracies of ≈78% using standard machine learning and ≈81% using BERT. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the automatic translation service does not downgrade the learning performance by comparing the accuracies achieved by the models trained on the original dataset with the models trained on the translated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In more recent normative works of the Romanian language, the way in which the sequence dar și [but also] is discussed indicates an acceptance of it among the copulative coordinating constructions, along with those organized in correlative pairs. As in the case of nu numai ..., dar și [not only..., but also], the correct involvement in the discourse of dar și is necessarily controlled by the latent adversative semantic content of the conjunction dar [but] from its structure. In everyday use, however, the transmitter no longer takes into account the fact that dar și "focuses the syntactic limb it precedes, presenting it as less likely, therefore more significant". In situations as such, dar și appears as a verbal excess, instead of the simple coordinating conjunction și [and]. The tendency could be justified by the speaker's need to compensate, through the formal note and lexical agglomeration, for the simplicity (sometimes pauperity) of the content that is to be transmitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first dialectometric analysis of intonational variation of standard spoken Romanian. The data analysed (26,680 sentences) were gathered within the AMPER-ROM project and the dialectometrical analysis has been carried out with ProDis. The results are consistent with the geolinguistic descriptions of Romanian varieties. ProDis identified two major areas for yes-no questions: a central-eastern one (Moldo-Walachian), with rising contours, and a central-western one (Transylvanian, discontinuously continuing over Bukovina to Bessarabia--the Republic of Moldova--), which presents also falling contours. The study suggests that intonational areas are somehow more conservative of and (relatively) independent from segmental dialectal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses about the Special Issue Current Approaches to Romanian and Spanish Intonation with focuses on Prosodic distances between different survey sites in Romance-speaking Europe, a dialectometric approach to Romanian intonation.and Some considerations about intonation patterns of vocatives in Romanian language.

This paper focuses on the way Hamlet was translated in the nineteenth century and how the versions it was translated from affected the final Romanian versions. Taking into account the influence the French language had on the literature and traslations of the time, we will analyse the linguistic particularities of the text, the new entries and the archaic words, the synonyms, semantic relationships and some lexical aspects. Due to the socialpolitical life of the time, French became the most frequently used language leaving its traits into the Romanian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we address expressions that take a passive meaning in Romanian spoken language. We compare these expressions with passive structures acknowledged by grammarians as such in spoken and written language. By this methodology we could delimitate some new oral occurrences for oral Romanian passives. After an attempt to define the passive meaning in a gradual perspective, we analyse occurrences of canonical and non-canonical passive structures in a corpus of spoken Romanian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In hisstudy, the authoraims at a careful analysis of the syntactic implications of the phrase în semn de ‘as a sign of’ which has certainly been used in the past and which is also frequently used nowadays in the standard language. In Old Romanian, the phrase în semn de ‘as a sign of’ has not been used frequently, yet the several occurrences which were identified help us understand its meanings and functional roles at sentence level. From a semantic perspective, the phrase evinces multiple variations, which may express quality, cause and scope. The analysis performed by the authoris consequently aimed at comprehending complex syntactic structures which are built with the help of the prepositional phrase in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dacoromania is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Large-scale pre-trained language representation and its promising performance in various downstream applications have become an area of interest in the field of natural language processing (NLP). There has been huge interest in further increasing the model's size in order to outperform the best previously obtained performances. However, at some point, increasing the model's parameters may lead to reaching its saturation point due to the limited capacity of GPU/TPU. In addition to this, such models are mostly available in English or a shared multilingual structure. Hence, in this paper, we propose a lite BERT trained on a large corpus solely in the Romanian language, which we called "A Lite Romanian BERT (ALR-BERT)". Based on comprehensive empirical results, ALR-BERT produces models that scale far better than the original Romanian BERT. Alongside presenting the performance on downstream tasks, we detail the analysis of the training process and its parameters. We also intend to distribute our code and model as an open source together with the downstream task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Keywords: majority language; official language; Romanian language; Szeklerland; translanguaging EN majority language official language Romanian language Szeklerland translanguaging 29 56 28 01/18/22 20220101 NES 220101 1 Introduction: "I have an idea, but I don't know how to say it in Romanian" On the first day of my fieldwork in a school in Csíkszereda, a town in Romania with a majority Hungarian-speaking population, I introduced myself and my research to the students, and then I sat down in an available seat among them. In accordance with own language ideology, these teaching strategies through which Gabi implemented the curriculum and prepared students for the exam were a negotiation between the students' needs arising from the local socio-linguistic situation and the national language and educational policies. In settings when minority-language speaking students need to produce academic texts in a colonial or dominant language of the state, such a "hidden practice" ([49]; [67]) is seen as an "illicit pedagogical strategy used widely by teachers and students" without recognition in either language education policy or in scholarship ([30]: 124). Outside the classroom, the Romanian monolingual norm prevails and dominates language education policies and language hierarchies in which the dominant language is valued more than minority languages, and multilingualism is envisioned as double monolingualism, which means that it can be contested only on local level ([52]). [Extracted from the article]

The document known as Statutele Făgărașului (The Statutes of Fogaras), issued on may 15, 1508, can be considered a monument of old Romanian legislation – unwritten until that moment. The first publication of the Latin text of the document come from 1885 (in Hungary) and then from 1921 (in Romania). Over the years various authors have translated short parts of the text, which they considered to be of interest to their own research, but a full translation into the Romanian language was never made. This ”problem” was remedied within this material, in the Annex being found the Romanian translation1 . Also, in this article I made a brief presentation of the historical evolution of Făgăraș Country from the first documentary mentions in the beginning of the 13th century until 1508, the year of the issuance of this document. I tried to capture the historical framework that facilitated the preservation of the elements of the Romanian traditions, to which the different articles contained in the Statutes belong, articles that reflect various specifics of the life of the romanians in the Făgăraș Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dictionarium Valachico-Latinum, a text written in the Banat--Hunedoara area in the mid-17th century, holds a special place among the old Romanian lexicographic works. This first original dictionary of the Romanian language, most probably conceived for the presentation of a representative corpus of the Romanian language vocabulary through Latin equivalents, was the first such work to use the Latin model of organization and presentation of selected words. Following the same Latin model, the author of the text, who proved to have a very good command of the Romanian language, both in its literary and spoken version, created graphemes for rendering sounds specific to the Romanian language and recommended forms and spellings, as an incipient form of establishing literary norms and as a way of lexicographic organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at pointing to the cultural dimensions of lexicography, both by revealing the cultural content of lexicographic works and the authors' cultural horizons and by searching for a precise cultural motivation for compiling dictionaries. One such particular exercise is applied to Teodor Corbea's Latin--Romanian Dictionary, elaborated between 1691--1702. Our study focuses on the encyclopædic character of this work and its relations with the Greco-Roman culture. It also analyses the Latin--Romanian similarities and the way the Romance character of the Romanian language is reflected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oldest Romanian Evangelion has been written in 1682, taking over the text of the oldest Romanian New Testament (1648), carefully reviewed using the Greek text. The edition printed by Anthim the Iberian at Snagov, in 1697, takes over the text from 1682, but it's been a subject to acare ful revision. This article demonstrates that the reviewer has used the Slavonic and Greek Bible, Staico's Slavo-Romanian lexicon, but also Berynda's Slavo-Ruthenian lexicon and the Bucharest Bible. The revision is attributed to Damaschin, a teacher of the Slavonic school, the main translator of liturgical texts in Romanian and a collaborator of Anthim. The revision has removed literal translations and neologisms due to Greek source and the aimis to modernize the language. The resulting edition represents a flowing text, suitable for reading in the church, announcing a new phase in the evolution of the Romanian literary language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second part of Alecsandri's grammar (1863), entitled Vocabulary, continues the tradition of older grammars, which, in addition to the actual compartment of morphosyntax, also included lexical sequence, organized by onomasiological criteria. Micu-Şincai (and I. Piuariu-Molnar, 1788, had done the same, and the model is perpetuated by some grammar authors in the second half of the 19th century (for example, by Ioan Doncev, 1865). Here we present some features of the Romanian standard language, illustrated through Alecsandri's choice of a minimal vocabulary that represents the Romanian domestic and social microuniverse, the main activities including eating habits, in contrastive dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Great efforts are being made to increase the utility of linguistic resources in applications related to language processing by interconnecting them. This study is focused on the Romanian language, which is a young language in this domain, for which it has to be made big steps until it is considered well resourced - both qualitatively and quantitatively. The CoRoLa corpus has been developed for 4 years and since 2017 it is visible for research. It cumulates about one billion words, annotated (tokenized, lemmatized, morphologically and syntactically processed). Other two resources used in this study are the eDTLR (the electronic version of the Thesaurus Dictionary of the Romanian Language) and Romanian WordNet. In this study it is described a technology that unifies these resources and brings them to a common standard, which leads the way for an efficient coupling of these resources. With this new obtained standardized resource, a series of test and case studies were performed, with the benefit of a much more diverse exposure on using the Romanian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian and the Ukrainian culture, in fact the one from the Chernivtsi region, have intersected several times throughout history, knowing different stages of intensity, depending on the political evolutions. As the sociocultural reality does not always correspond to the legal reality, the study of Romanian communities abroad is a duty of Romanian researchers, especially since the Romanian community in Ukraine was not, historically, a marginal, insignificant, but was a cultural center and scientifically significant during the period of Greater Romania. Some of the important problems faced by Romanians abroad are: access to education in their mother tongue, the official use of the Romanian language in administration and justice, financing the activities of Romanian minority associations, Romanian-language media, preservation of religious identity, representation at the level of the administration, the lack of parliamentary representation, the restitution of the properties that belonged to the Romanian community. In this context, it is interesting to know the legal framework with incidence in the field, as well as the role of the institutions that the Romanian state has placed, over time, in the service of Romanians abroad. In this article, we will bring to the fore the phenomenon of migration and the eternal attempt of Romanians everywhere to preserve their ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious identity. From this perspective, the legislative framework that responds to the needs of Romanians everywhere has a major impact on them and any change in it greatly affects them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore Paul Celan's writings in the Romanian language which have been preserved as manuscripts, and their significance to his very earliest poetry. Firstly, I will reconstruct the Bucharest episode in his life and work and then discuss the nature of the manuscripts that I examined in 2015. I will then recapitulate existing research on these texts. Discussing one of them, I will propose to update their meaning for this poetic work, especially in the context of Jacques Derrida's Shibboleth for Paul Celan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals from a scientific perspective with the role played by the voivode of Wallachia, Constantin Brâncoveanu, in translating and printing books in Romanian. More than putting in the historical context the ruler's deeds, the paper addresses from an individual and group perspective what were the factors that led to the emergence of such a personality and why it was so motivated to support the evolution of the masses in the context of uncertain times. Another important aspect approached in this research is related to the evolution of the Romanian language and the analysis of the contribution of the Muntenian leader to its development and the highlighting of a "Brâncoveanu method" through which Wallachia benefited by a necessary evolution. The essential elements in Brâncoveanu's actions, captured in this article would be: translating and printing books, developing an elite school connected to Western values, drawn by first-rate intellectuals, supporting strategic thinking towards the development of the Romanian language using all possible resources, including marital alliances. All this made the quarter of a century in which Brâncoveanu led the destinies of the people from the lands of Muntenia to remain engraved in history as one of great significance, becoming a secular model. Constantin Basarab Brâncoveanu's legacy consists in printing houses, books, schools, clergy and laity more enlightened than they were until his accession to the throne, places of worship built or renovated and, most importantly, a Romanian leadership model, as authentic as it could be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]