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Several grafting methods have been developed, and bench grafting with stratification is the most widely used technique, except in Brazil, which is still in adaptation. The objective of this study was to evaluate for how long plant material can be stored before the grafting and the optimum temperature for stratification. Cultivar 'Paulsen 1103' was used as rootstock and 'Niagara Rosada' as scion cultivar. The storage period treatments were 0, 30, 60 and 90 days at the temperature of 3 ℃ and 95% of relative humidity. After the storage period, the branches were removed from the cold chamber, taken to grafting, and then placed at 19 °C and 24 °C for stratification. After 21 days of stratification, the vine grafts were planted in commercial substrate and left to grow for 160 days. The vine cuttings of cultivars Niagara and Paulsen 1103 can be stored in cold chamber at 3 °C for 90 days and, during this period, bench grafting can be performed at any time. However, the vines from cuttings stored in cold chamber for more than 30 days have better growth. It is recommended to stratify the vine grafts at 19 °C.

In the State of Goiás, studies related to the vine's responses to the region's edaphoclimaticconditions are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of three vine rootstock cultivars, IAC 572 'Jales', IAC313 'Tropical' and IAC766 'Campinas', in the region of Goiânia, GO, after drastic pruning for uniformity. To evaluate the growth of rootstocks, the experiment was carried out in random blocks, in a double factorial scheme (3x7), with five replications, each repetition formed by a plant. The first factor consisted of three rootstocks: IAC313 ‘Tropical’, IAC572 ‘Jales’ and IAC766 ‘Campinas’. The plants were evaluated after 45 days after a drastic uniformization pruning, totaling seven evaluations (45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 days after pruning), this being the second factor. The diameter of the main branch at the height of grafting (80 cm) and length of the main branch were evaluated. With the data on the diameter and length of the main branch, the absolute growth rate in diameter and length was calculated.The IAC572 'Jales' rootstock cultivar has greater vigor for branch growth, being 69% and 47.3% longer in length, and 49.8% and 18.8% longer in diameter than the IACrootstock. IAC 313 'Tropical' 'and' IAC766 'Campinas', respectively. The IAC766 ‘Campinas’ rootstock cultivar, although it has low vigor in branch growth, presents satisfactory development.

International audience; Phosphorus is essential for plant life and plants have developed numerous strategies to maximise phosphate (Pi) acquisition and use under limited Pi supply. Here we have used reciprocal grafting to determine whether the shoot and root have different roles in regulating some of these strategies. Reciprocal grafts of two grapevine genotypes (Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir and V. berlandieri x V. rupestris cv. 1103 Paulsen) were produced as well as the corresponding homo-graft controls; the plants were grown in hydroponic culture and subjected to two levels of Pi supply (high (0.6 mM) or low (0.001 mM)). Biomass accumulation, root morphology, and root, stem and leaf organic acid, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate concentrations were measured. The transcript abundance of orthologues of known phosphate starvation induced (PSI) genes from Arabidopsis was also quantified. Under high Pi, the scion genotype had a large impact on plant growth, but the morphology of roots (such as root tip density) was not affected. Low Pi supply affected growth, tissue organic acid concentration, the activity of acid phosphatases released by the roots and the expression of PSI genes. Rootstock genotypes showed differences in root responses to low Pi supply, but the scion also exerted long-distance regulation of rootstock responses to low Pi, for example, modifying PSI gene expression, sulphate acquisition efficiency, the activity of acid phosphatases released by the roots and root organic acid concentrations. This work shows for the first time that the grapevine genotypes differ in their response to low Pi supply and that the scion can modify rootstock responses to the nutrient availability. This work highlights that genetic variation in shoot-borne signals can regulate root responses to Pi supply and that understanding rootstock responses to the environment must be done considering scion influence.

International audience; The necessity to adapt to climate change is even stronger for grapevine than for other crops, because grape berry composition—a key determinant of fruit and wine quality, typicity and market value— highly depends on “terroir” (complete natural environment), on vintage (annual climate variability), and on their interactions. In the same time, there is a strong demand to reduce the use of pesticides. Thus, the equation that breeders and grape growers must solve has three entries that cannot be dissociated: adaptation to climate change, reduction of pesticides, and maintenance of wine typicity. Although vineyard management may cope to some extent to the short–medium-term effects of climate change, genetic improvement is necessary to provide long-term sustainable solutions to these problems. Most vineyards over the world are planted using vines that harbor two grafted plants’ genomes. Although this makes the range of interactions (scion-atmosphere, rootstock-soil, scion-rootstock) more complex, it also opens up wider possibilities for the genetic improvement of either or both the grafted genotypes. Positive aspects related to grapevine breeding are as follows: (a) a wide genetic diversity of rootstocks and scions that has not been thoroughly explored yet; (b) progress in sequencing technologies that allows high-throughput sequencing of entire genomes, faster mapping of targeted traits and easier determination of genetic relationships; (c) progress in new breeding technologies that potentially permit precise modifications on resident genes; (d) automation of phenotyping that allows faster and more complete monitoring of many traits on relatively large plant populations; (e) functional characterization of an increasing number of genes involved in the control of development, berry metabolism, disease resistance, and adaptation to environment. Difficulties involve: (a) the perennial nature and the large size of the plant that makes field testing long and demanding in manpower; (b) the low efficiency of transformation, regeneration and small size of breeding populations; (c) the complexity of the adaptive traits and the need to define more clearly future ideotypes; (d) the lack of shared and integrative platforms allowing a complete appraisal of the genotype-phenotype-environmental links; (e) legal, market and consumer acceptance of new genotypes. The present chapter provides an overview of suitable strategies and challenges linked to the adaptation of viticulture to a changing environment.

Grapevine is grown in a grafted system, combining the fruit production qualities of the European species (Vitis vinifera) and the phylloxera tolerance of American species (Vitis spp.). However, the use of American rootstocks affects the development, the physiology, and the water and mineral status of the scion. Particularly, the genetic background of grapevine rootstocks appears to be involved in the regulation of phosphorus (P) content of the scion. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, involved in the composition of many cellular components, as well as in the control of metabolic pathways via its role in energy transfer and the regulation of enzymatic activity. Despite its importance, P is one of the most limiting mineral elements for plant growth because of its poor availability in the soil. The objective of this work is to determine mechanisms involved in the control of P nutrition in grapevine, by comparing two rootstocks V. riparia cv. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) and V. rupestris x V. berlandieri cv. 1103 Paulsen (1103P) known to confer low and high concentrations of P to their scion respectively. The results show that 1103P is more efficient at acquiring P than RGM, with a higher developed root system allowing greater soil exploration as well as a higher efficiency of P acquisition. In addition, this rootstock shows better use of its reserves of P in perennial parts to optimize the growth of the shoot. However, the ability of genotypes to increase the assimilable P in the rhizosphere does not seem to be different. Finally, the effect of grafting, and more particularly of the scion genotype, has been studied, demonstrating the capacity of V. vinifera to alter the development and root functioning of the rootstock. These results contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms regulating the mineral nutrition in grapevine and highlight the role of the genetic background of the rootstock, as well as its regulation by the scion.; La Vigne est cultivée en système greffé, combinant les qualités de production fruitière des Vignes Européennes (Vitis vinifera) et la tolérance phylloxérique des Vignes Américaines (Vitis spp.). Cependant l’utilisation de porte-greffes américains modifie le développement, la physiologie, et l’alimentation hydrique et minérale du greffon. Plus particulièrement, le fond génétique des porte-greffes de la Vigne semble impliqué dans la régulation de la nutrition en phosphore (P) du greffon. Le phosphore est un élément nutritif essentiel pour la croissance des plantes, impliqué dans la composition de nombreux composants cellulaires, ainsi que dans le contrôle des voies métaboliques via son apport énergétique et la régulation de l’activité enzymatique. Malgré son importance, P un est des éléments minéraux les plus limitants pour la croissance des plantes en raison de sa faible disponibilité assimilable dans le sol. L’objectif de ce travail est de déterminer les mécanismes impliqués dans le contrôle de la nutrition en P de la Vigne, en comparant deux porte-greffes V. riparia cv. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) et V. rupestris x V. berlandieri cv. 1103 Paulsen (1103P) connus pour conférer respectivement de faibles ou fortes concentrations en P à leur greffon. Les résultats montrent que 1103P est plus adapté à acquérir le P que RGM, en partie grâce à un système racinaire plus développé permettant une meilleure exploration du sol ainsi qu’une meilleure efficience d’acquisition du P disponible. Ce porte-greffe montre également meilleure utilisation de ses réserves en P dans les parties pérennes afin d’optimiser la croissance des parties aériennes. En revanche la capacité des génotypes à augmenter le P assimilable dans la rhizosphère ne semble pas être différente. Enfin l’effet du greffage et plus particulièrement du greffon a été étudié, révélant le rôle de V. vinifera sur le développement et le fonctionnement racinaire du porte-greffe. Ces résultats contribuent à la compréhension des mécanismes régulant l’alimentation minérale de la Vigne, mettant ainsi en évidence le rôle du fond génétique du porte-greffe sélectionné, ainsi que la régulation de ce dernier par son greffon.

A enxertia de mesa constitui-se, hoje, uma técnica alternativa de multiplicação da videira. No Brasil, esta técnica começou a ser empregada em escala comercial a partir dos anos 2000, mas diversas etapas da produção foram adaptadas de conhecimentos gerados no Hemisfério Norte, sem experimentação local. O emprego de auxinas é fundamental em algumas etapas do processo, como na formação do calo e no enraizamento, podendo afetar substancialmente as taxas de pegamento das mudas. Por outro lado, dentro da gama de porta-enxertos de uso corrente na viticultura nacional, a aptidão ao pegamento das mudas por esta técnica é variável e carente de experimentação regional. Neste sentido, este estudo testou diferentes parafinas de enxertia, enriquecidas ou não com auxinas, e diferentes porta-enxertos para um grupo variável de cultivares de videiras. Os experimentos foram realizados no Núcleo Tecnológico EPAMIG Uva e Vinho, em Caldas-MG, empregando a técnica de enxertia de mesa com estratificação em água e repicagem dos enxertos em canteiros a céu aberto. A parafina enriquecida com auxina mostrou-se mais indicada para a enxertia, ao passo que o emprego do AIB para enraizamento dos porta-enxertos não influenciou positivamente na produção das mudas. O pegamento médio de enxertia para os diferentes porta-enxertos foi variável em função dos anos de estudo, mas situou-se dentro dos valores normais próximos aos 55 % para esta técnica, à exceção da cultivar 420 A, que não se mostrou adaptada à esta técnica de propagação para a região em estudo. Currently, the bench grafting is the main technique used for grapevine propagation. In Brazil, since 2000 this technique has been used under commercial scale. However, several procedures of this grafting technique were adapted from knowledge originated in the North hemisphere, without regional research. In some steps of bench grafting the use of auxins is crucial for callus formation and rooting, which may highly affect the successful of grafting operation. On the other hand, considering that the healing process of grafted cuttings varies according to the rootstock used, the regional experimentation is necessary for rootstocks varieties available in the Brazilian viticulture. In this context, this study evaluated the effect of different grafting waxes (with or without auxin) and different rootstocks on grafted cuttings for a range of grapevine cultivars. The trials were conducted at Núcleo Tecnológico EPAMIG Uva e Vinho, in Caldas, State of Minas Gerais, using the technique of bench grafting where the grafts were stratified in water and planted in a nursery stock under field conditions. The grafting wax with auxin showed more efficient for grafting union whereas the use of indolebutyric acid for the rooting of grafted cuttings showed a negatively influence. There was a variation among the studied years on the average of healing rate of different rootstocks. However, the healing rate was in the range considered normal for this grafting technique. Only 420A rootstock did not show a good performance to be used as bench grafting in this studied region.

The resistance to phylloxera is one of the most important properties of grapevine rootstock. The breeding and selection of rootstock varieties represents a biological method of fight against phylloxera. In this study altogether 59 rootstock hybrids originating from nine different populations were evaluated. Pedigrees of all populations involved Vitis cinerea Arnold introduced through the hybrid Bruci/(Vitis berlandieri Planch. × Vitis rupestris Scheele) × Vitis cinerea Arnold/ and the variety Börner. Pot experiments were performed in a glasshouse while those with excised root pieces in root bioassay took place in a laboratory. This combination showed to be a very good selection tool for rootstock breeding. In seven rootstock hybrids, it was found that the resistance to phylloxera gallicoles and radicicoles was very high. The highest number of resistant hybrids was found in Binova × Börner. The variety Börner showed to be the best gene source of phylloxera resistance and even in case of a simple crossing produced sufficient number of resistant progeny.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of grapevine rootstocks under increasing levels of Zn in the soil and to identify physiological variables that can be used as indicators of excess of Zn in the soil. The rootstocks SO4, Paulsen1103, IAC572, IAC313 and 420A were grown in pots containing soil, which received Zn doses of 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 mg kg-1 of soil. Dry matter (DM), Zn content in shoots and roots, chlorophyll index, initial fluorescence (Fo), maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Y-II) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were evaluated. The increase of Zn levels in the soil decreased DM in all rootstocks, and IAC572 was superior to the others. The variation in the indices of chlorophyll a and b had little expression in relation the soil Zn levels, but allowed identifying that the rootstocks Paulsen 1103, 420A and SO4 are sensitive to Zn toxicity and that IAC572 and IAC313 were not sensitive to the tested levels. Fluorescence analysis showed a negative effect of Zn contents on the variables Fo, Fm, Y-II and NPQ in all rootstocks, which proved to be good indicators of Zn phytotoxicity. RESUMOObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o crescimento de porta-enxertos (PEs) de videira cultivados em níveis crescentes de Zn no solo e identificar variáveis fisiológicas que possam ser indicadoras do excesso de Zn no solo. Os PEs SO4, Paulsen1103, IAC572, IAC313 e 420A foram cultivados em vasos contendo solo e submetidos à adição de 0, 20, 40, 80 e 160 mg kg-1 de Zn. Avaliaram-se a matéria seca (MS), o teor de Zn na parte aérea e raízes, o índice de clorofila, a fluorescência mínima (Fo), a fluorescência máxima (Fm), o rendimento quântico máximo do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm), o rendimento quântico efetivo (Y-II) e a dissipação não fotoquímica (NPQ). O aumento da concentração de Zn no solo reduziu a MS em todos os PEs sendo que o IAC572 foi superior aos demais. A variação dos índices de clorofilas a e b foi pouco expressiva em relação aos níveis de Zn no solo mas permitiu identificar que o Paulsen 1103, 420A e SO4 são sensíveis à toxicidade de Zn e que o IAC572 e IAC313 não apresentaram sensibilidade nos níveis testados. Com a análise de fluorescência observou-se que o teor de Zn interfere negativamente sobre as variáveis Fo, Fm, Y-II e NPQ em todos os PEs, mostrando serem boas indicadoras para caracterizar a fitotoxidez do Zn.

RESUMOSão apresentadas normas DRIS preliminares e derivados níveis críticos de nutrientes no tecido foliar (NC) para a videira ‘NiagaraRosada’ enxertada sobre o porta-enxerto ‘IAC 766’, nas condições de cultivo da região de Jundiaí-SP. As normas DRIS e os NCs foram obtidos a partir de um banco de dados com 116 registros, relacionando produtividade e teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca e Mg das videiras. Esses registros foram obtidos em experimentos de adubação e em um levantamento do estado nutricional de videiras realizados na região de Jundiaí, durante quatro ciclos de produção. Os registros foram separados em duas subpopulações: alto (>26 t/ha), e baixo rendimento (26 t/ha) and low-yielding (

A avaliação do comportamento de novas cultivares de videiras destinadas à elaboração de vinhos é importante no sentido de se melhorar a qualidade dos vinhos produzidos no sul de Minas Gerais. Neste sentido, avaliaram-se alguns híbridos de videiras tradicionais e de novas obtenções, nas condições de cultivo de Caldas, Minas Gerais. Foram avaliadas oito cultivares, enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto RR 101-14, conduzidas em espaldeira. As avaliações foram efetuadas no período de 1999 a 2002 e constituíram-se de anotações dos estádios fenológicos de brotação, floração e maturação, da produção e qualidade dos frutos, além da incidência de antracnose e míldio. O ciclo entre brotação e colheita oscilou entre 147 e 169 dias, destacando 'Seyve Villard 5276' como o ciclo de menor duração e 'Seibel 10173' como o ciclo mais longo. As colheitas mais precoces foram 'G 159 OC 32258', 'G 159 OC 32458' e 'Seyve Villard 5276', enquanto as mais tardias foram as variedades 'Moscato Embrapa' e 'Baco blanc'. As maiores produções foram registradas para 'Couderc 13' (10,31 kg.pl-1), 'Baco blanc' (9,02 kg.pl-1), 'Moscato Embrapa' (7,66 kg.pl-1) e 'Villenave' (5,66 kg.pl-1) e as menores para 'G 159 OC 32258' (2,97 kg.pl-1) e 'Seibel 10173' (3,20 kg.pl-1). Os índices médios de sólidos solúveis totais oscilaram entre 14,63 e 19,23 ºBrix, respectivamente, para as cultivares 'Couderc 13' e 'G 159 OC 32258', e os valores de acidez total variaram de 91,7 meq.L-1 a 153,2 meq.L-1, respectivamente, para as cultivares 'Baco blanc' e 'Seibel 10173'. Environmental conditions and growing practices determine the vine's quality. The knowledge of new grapevine's cultivars responses to these factors within the growing season contributes to improve the quality of the wines produced in a specific region. Thus, traditional grapevines hybrids and new attainments were evaluated in Caldas, Minas Gerais conditions. The study was carried out from 1999 to 2002 using eight grafted on RR 101-14 rootstock cultivars grown at Epamig Experimental Farm vineyard in Caldas, MG, also cultivated in vertical system. The agronomic variables studied were: sprouting, blooming and ripening phenologic phases, total yield per vine, titratable acidity and total soluble solids in berries, and the incidence of bird's eye rot and downy mildew. The cycle from budding to harvest ranged from 147 days ('Seyve Villard 5276') to 169 days ('Seibel 10173'). Clusters of hybrids 'G 159 OC 32258', 'G159 OC 32458' and 'Seyve Villard 5276' were earlier harvested while 'Moscato Embrapa' and 'Baco blanc' delayed the ripening and had later harvest. Total yield per vine were higher than 10.4 kg.pl-1 for 'Couderc 13' followed by the 'Baco blanc' (9.27 kg.pl-1), 'Moscato Embrapa' (7.94 kg.pl-1) and 'G 159 OC 32458' (7.04 kg.pl-1) and were significantly lower for 'Seibel 10173' and 'G 159 0C 32258' (3.56 kg.pl-1). Soluble solids ranged from 14.63 ºBrix for 'Couderc 13' to 19.23 ºBrix for the 'G 159 OC 32258' hybrid, and the values of titrable acidity in the ripe berries ranged from 91.7 meq.L-1 ('Baco blanc') to 153.2 meq.L-1 ('Seibel 10173').

Combinations of the table grape cultivar 'Niabell' grafted on three rootstocks (IAC 572 'Jales', IAC 766 'Campinas' and 'Riparia do Traviu') were evaluated in a trial conducted at Jundiai (Sao Paulo State, Brazil). Data on grape plant phenology, yield and cluster weight were obtained using a randomized block design (3 treatments, 8 blocks and 3 plants/plot) during the years of 1999, 2000 and 2001. The experiment was installed in a trellis system, trained vineyard with wires and plants in a row spacing of 2 x 1 m. The duration of the phenological phase pruning-harvest lasted from 138 to 144 days. The average values of grape yield obtained for 'Niabell' grafted on 'IAC 766', 'Riparia do Traviu' and 'IAC 572' were, respectively, 2213, 2171 and 2013 g/plant. Cluster weight was higher for 'Niabell' grafted on 'IAC 766' (235,9 g).

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:47:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452001000300044.pdf: 167449 bytes, checksum: 800af16ecdb9587661f7120523c60f7e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:47:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452001000300044.pdf: 167449 bytes, checksum: 800af16ecdb9587661f7120523c60f7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:37:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452001000300044.pdf: 167449 bytes, checksum: 800af16ecdb9587661f7120523c60f7e (MD5) S0100-29452001000300044.pdf.txt: 32345 bytes, checksum: 0c9691244357fc6c71f2d586e29f7e6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:09:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452001000300044.pdf: 167449 bytes, checksum: 800af16ecdb9587661f7120523c60f7e (MD5) S0100-29452001000300044.pdf.txt: 32345 bytes, checksum: 0c9691244357fc6c71f2d586e29f7e6b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:09:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452001000300044.pdf: 167449 bytes, checksum: 800af16ecdb9587661f7120523c60f7e (MD5) S0100-29452001000300044.pdf.txt: 32345 bytes, checksum: 0c9691244357fc6c71f2d586e29f7e6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-12-01 Com o objetivo de estudar o método de enxertia de mesa em estacas herbáceas para a obtenção de mudas de videira, experimentos foram desenvolvidos em câmara de nebulização, localizada no ripado do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP, no período de novembro de 1997 a dezembro de 1999. Foram utilizadas estacas herbáceas dos porta-enxertos IAC 313 'Tropical' e IAC 766 'Campinas' e borbulhas e garfos da cultivar Rubi. Foram testados os métodos de enxertia de garfagem em fenda cheia e de borbulhia em placa, em estacas herbáceas sem raízes e enraizadas, o tipo de proteção do enxerto, o tamanho das estacas e o recipiente de enraizamento. Foram avaliados o enraizamento e o pegamento de enxertos. O método de enxertia de mesa com garfagem e com proteção do enxerto com saco plástico apresentou maior pegamento de enxerto aos 30 (45,25%) e 60 dias (66,20%) após a enxertia. O tamanho da estaca não afetou o pegamento dos enxertos. Contudo, em todos os experimentos, o índice de sobrevivência dos enxertos foi muito baixo ou nulo. Estacas sem enxertia proporcionaram maior porcentagem de enraizamento (65,62%) em relação às estacas enxertadas. O método de enxertia de mesa em estacas herbáceas dos porta-enxertos IAC 313 'Tropical' e IAC 766 'Campinas' não foi eficiente para a formação de mudas de videira. Trials were developed under intermittent mist, at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias -- UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, in the period of november of 1997 to december of 1999, with the objective of studying the grapevine scion obtained by bench-grafting of herbaceous cuttings. Herbaceous branches of IAC 313 'Tropical' and IAC 766 'Campinas' rootstocks and Rubi cultivar were used. Grafted cuttings were obtained by process of bench grafting (cleft grafting and budding). Type protection of graft, type of cuttings and container-grow were investigated. The rooting and graft takes were evaluated. The process of bench grafting by cleft grafting showed high graft takes to 30 (45,25%) and 60 days (66,20%) after grafting. The type of cuttings didn't affect the graft takes. But, the survival index graft in all trials was lower and null. Herbaceous cutting without grafting showed more rooting rate (55,62%) than the herbaceous cuttings with bench grafting (50,56%). The process of bench grafting of IAC 313 'Tropical' and IAC 766 'Campinas' herbaceous cuttings wasn't efficient for plant grapevine formation. ESAM UNESP FCAV UNESP FCAV

The susceptibility of different varieties of Vitis vinifera and other Vitis species to downy mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola) in field, greenhouse and laboratory tests was compared over a period of three years. Different degrees of susceptibility were detected. The most susceptible V. vinifera varieties were ‘Treixadura’ and ‘Albariño; ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Mencía’ and ‘Chasselas Doré’ were the least susceptible. The non-vinifera varieties showed no symptoms of downy mildew in the field. Surprisingly, in laboratory and greenhouse tests, the rootstock 110-R was much more susceptible to infection than S04. No relationship was seen between susceptibility and berry colour, or the time of sprouting or fruit ripening. Neither was any correlation seen between susceptibility and the condition of being a traditional or introduced variety. Better knowledge of the susceptibility to downy mildew of different varieties would allow for growers and breeders to select those that are more resistant., This work was funded by the Xunta de Galicia Research Project7MRV024403PR and Plan Nacional Español de I+D+I projectRF2008-00002-C02.

O clone híbrido A1105 de uvas brancas sem sementes, obtido no Arkansas (EUA), foi avaliado sobre os porta-enxertos IAC 766 e Kober 5BB, em Campinas (SP). As obser-vações foram efetuadas em 1994 quando, após a segunda poda de produção, acompanhou-se o desenvolvimento de seu ciclo vegetativo. Na colheita, avaliaram-se: produção de uvas por planta, número, massa, comprimento e largura dos cachos, massa, comprimento e largura das bagas, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e o diâmetro do caule a 60 cm do solo. O comportamento do A1105 foi semelhante sobre os dois porta-enxertos, sendo a largura das bagas a única característica influenciada diferencialmente por eles. As bagas mostraram variação da massa entre 3 e 6 g, mesmo sem aplicação de ácido giberélico; sabor neutro agradável e textura crocante. As plantas, vigorosas, de boa fertilidade de gemas, podem produzir até 26 cachos em um metro de cordão esporonado, o que representaria produção de mais de 20 t/ha. Os cachos são bem formados, de compacidade média, cônicos, com massa média de mais de 225 g. O ciclo vegetativo foi curto, de 113 dias, mostrando ser material genético bem precoce.Scions of A1105, a white seedless grape obtained at University of Arkansas, USA, were grafted on IAC 766 and Kober 5BB rootstocks at Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Plants were evaluated in 1994, after the second production pruning, and data were obtained on yield per plant, cluster number, weight, length and width, berry weight, length and width, total soluble solids and trunk diameter at 60 cm height. The performance of A1105 on both rootstocks was similar, except for berry width, which was larger on Kober 5BB. Berry weight ranged from 3 to 6 g without application of gibberellic acid. Berries showed a nice neutral flavor and an almost crisp texture, with good eating quality. Plants showed high vigor and very high bud fertility, producing 26 bunches per meter of cordon, which led to an estimated potential yield of more than 20 t/ha. Clusters were well formed, with medium compactness, conical shape, in average weighing more than 225 g. A1105 is a promising early clone for Campinas region, with a cycle no longer than 113 days, from pruning to harvest.

Relata-se a ocorrência de Meloidogyne incognita (Est. I2) em pomar de videira na cidade de Petrolina, Pernambuco. Plantas da cultivar Festival enxertadas sobre 'IAC 766-Campinas', atacadas por Meloidogyne incognita, apresentavam sintomas de menor vigor, folhas amarelecidas e folhagem mais esparsa, e raízes com numerosas galhas em meio ao cultivo de feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis), também atacado pelo nematoide. Com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência de quatro porta-enxertos tropicais, oito de clima temperado, e as cultivares Niágara Rosada e Chardonnay quanto à reação a M. incognita e M. arenaria, em casa de vegetação, realizou-se este trabalho. Mudas das videiras, mantidas em vaso com solo esterilizado, foram inoculadas com 10.000 ovos + J2 de M. incognita ou M. arenaria por planta. Decorridos oito meses da inoculação, cada planta foi avaliada quanto ao número de galhas e número de ovos por planta, determinando-se, a seguir, o fator de reprodução de cada espécie do nematoide (FR=população inicial/população final) nos diferentes materiais testados. Entre os porta-enxertos avaliados, 'Harmony', 'Salt Creek', '1103 Paulsen', 'IAC 572-Jales', 'IAC 313-Tropical', 'K5BB Kober' e 'SO4', foram resistentes (FR1,00) ao nematoide. No entanto, ambas as cultivares copa foram suscetíveis às duas espécies de Meloidogyne testadas. The occurrence of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Est. I2) is reported in grapevine in Petrolina municipality, State of Pernambuco. Grape plants of Festival cultivar grafted on the 'IAC 766 - Campinas' rootstock attacked by M. incognita exhibited symptoms of less vigorous growth, yellowing and sparse leaves and multiple galls in the root system in an area cultivated with jack-bean (Canavalia ensiformis) also infected by the same nematode. In order to evaluate resistance of four tropical rootstocks, eight temperate and two cultivars Chardonnay and Niagara Rosada in reaction to M. incognita and M. arenaria, this study was carried out. Seedlings of the investigated grapevine genotypes were maintained in pots with sterilized soil and subsequently inoculated with 10,000 eggs + J2 of M. incognita or M. arenaria per plant in a six replicate design. Eight months after nematode inoculation, each plant was evaluated by counting gall and eggs. The final number of eggs (FP) of each Meloidogyne specie was calculated and the reproductive factor (RF = FP/IP), determined. Among the tested rootstocks, 'Harmony', 'Salt Creek', '1103 Paulsen', 'IAC 572-Jales', 'IAC 313-Tropical', 'K5BB Kober', 'SO4' , were resistant (RF1.00) to M. arenaria. In contrast, both tested grapevine scion cultivars were susceptible to the investigated Meloidogyne species.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:44:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1982-56762012000300010.pdf: 974584 bytes, checksum: 33637e03ab78643e6db8758645a3f2f7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:44:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1982-56762012000300010.pdf: 974584 bytes, checksum: 33637e03ab78643e6db8758645a3f2f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:33:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1982-56762012000300010.pdf: 974584 bytes, checksum: 33637e03ab78643e6db8758645a3f2f7 (MD5) S1982-56762012000300010.pdf.txt: 16753 bytes, checksum: a521a114491e99e06c9024f834c63cca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:09:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1982-56762012000300010.pdf: 974584 bytes, checksum: 33637e03ab78643e6db8758645a3f2f7 (MD5) S1982-56762012000300010.pdf.txt: 16753 bytes, checksum: a521a114491e99e06c9024f834c63cca (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:09:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1982-56762012000300010.pdf: 974584 bytes, checksum: 33637e03ab78643e6db8758645a3f2f7 (MD5) S1982-56762012000300010.pdf.txt: 16753 bytes, checksum: a521a114491e99e06c9024f834c63cca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 Nesse trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar a reação de oito porta-enxertos de videira aos nematoides das lesões radiculares. As estacas dos porta-enxertos Kober, SO4, 101-14, R99, 420-A, Rupestris du Lot, Riparia do Traviú e Telek 5C, cedidas pelo Centro APTA de Frutas/IAC, foram plantadas em vasos contendo mistura de solo:areia na proporção 2:1 (v:v) e mantidas em casa de vegetação. Após quatro meses, os porta-enxertos foram inoculados com 1.200 espécimes de Pratylenchus brachyurus ou P. zeae, e o milho foi usado para comprovar a viabilidade do inóculo. Aos 180 dias após a inoculação, avaliou-se o número de nematoides por sistema radicular e em 100 cm³ de solo. O milho foi avaliado aos 90 dias após a inoculação e cada vaso recebeu uma nova planta, que foi avaliada juntamente com os porta-enxertos. No milho, as populações finais de P. brachyurus e P. zeae foram respectivamente iguais a 8.040 e 6.940 indivíduos. Todos os porta-enxertos comportaram-se como imunes a P. brachyurus e P. zeae, isto é, a população final dos nematoides e o fator de reprodução foram iguais a zero. Recuperaram-se seis e 11 espécimes de P. zeae nas amostras de solo cultivadas com os porta-enxertos Kober e 420-A, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os porta-enxertos estudados apresentam potencial para serem usados em áreas infestadas com esses nematoides das lesões. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of eight grapevine rootstocks to root-lesion nematodes. Cuttings of the rootstocks Kober, SO4, 101-14, R99, 420-A, Rupestris du Lot, Riparia do Traviú and Telek 5C, provided by the Centro APTA de Frutas/IAC, were planted in 5-L pots containing a 2:1 (v:v) soil and sand mixture, and kept in greenhouse. After four months, they were inoculated with 1,200 specimens of Pratylenchus brachyurus or P. zeae. Maize was used for detecting the inoculum viability. After 180 days of the inoculation, the root systems of the plants were collected along with 100 cm³ soil for evaluating the number of nematodes. Maize plants were evaluated 90 days after inoculation and each pot received a new seedling, which was evaluated along with the rootstocks. All rootstocks exhibited immunity to P. brachyurus and P. zeae, because the final populations in the root systems and the reproduction factor were zero. It was recovered six and 11 specimens of P. zeae in samples from cultivated soil with Kober and 420-A rootstock, respectively. In the maize, the respective average populations of P. brachyurus and P. zeae were 8,040 and 6,940. The rootstocks are potentially valuable for infested areas. Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Departamento de Ciências Agrárias APTA/IAC Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista

Identification and knowledge concerning genetic diversity are fundamental for efficient management and use of grapevine germplasm. Recently, new types of molecular markers have been developed, such as retrotransposon-based markers. Because of their multilocus pattern, retrotransposon-based markers might be able to differentiate grapevine accessions with just one pair of primers. In order to evaluate the efficiency of this type of marker, we compared retrotransposon marker Tvv1 with seven microsatellite markers frequently used for genotyping of the genus Vitis (VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD5, VVMD27, VVMD31, VVS2, and VZAG62). The reference population that we used consisted of 26 accessions of Vitis, including seven European varieties of Vitis vinifera, four North American varieties and hybrids of Vitis labrusca, and 15 rootstock hybrids obtained from crosses of several Vitis species. Individually, the Tvv1 and the group of seven SSR markers were capable of distinguishing all accessions except 'White Niagara' compared to 'Red Niagara'. Using the Structure software, the retrotransposon marker Tvv1 generated two clusters: one with V. vinifera plus North American varieties and the other comprising rootstocks. The seven SSR markers generated five clusters: V. vinifera, the North American varieties, and three groups of rootstock hybrids. The percentages of variation explained by the first two components in the principal coordinate analysis were 65.21 (Tvv1) and 50.42 (SSR markers) while the Mantel correlation between the distance matrixes generated by the two types of markers was 42.5%. We conclude that the Tvv1 marker is useful for DNA fingerprinting, but it lacks efficiency for discrimination of structured groups.

O etefon tem sido usado em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do Brasil, onde o crescimento vegetativo das videiras é contínuo, com diferentes finalidades. Entretanto, pouco é conhecido sobre os efeitos deste tratamento na distribuição e acumulação de nutrientes e carboidratos e no crescimento de videiras. Com esta finalidade, plantas jovens do porta-enxerto SO4 foram pulverizadas com solução de etefon (72 mg.L-1). Depois da aplicação, as folhas caídas das plantas tratadas foram coletadas diariamente até que a última folha caiu. Neste momento, as folhas das plantas não tratadas foram desprendidas manualmente e coletadas. No ciclo seguinte, o número de gemas brotadas e o crescimento de folhas (número) e ramos (número e crescimento) foram avaliados em cada planta. Aos 57 dias após a brotação, as videiras foram coletadas e separadas em folhas, ramos, caule e raízes. Cada parte foi secada e submetida à determinação de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e amido. Nas folhas senescentes do primeiro ciclo, foi observada uma redução de N e um aumento de amido e P pelo tratamento com etefon. No ciclo seguinte, as plantas tratadas aumentaram o número de gemas brotadas (+50%), mas com redução no crescimento de ramos e folhas. Durante este segundo ciclo, o etefon também aumentou a concentração de N e Mg nas folhas e N nas raízes. Entretanto, durante este ciclo, a concentração de amido nas folhas e a quantidade de N, Mg e Ca nos ramos foram reduzidas. Em geral, os resultados enfatizam que o etefon altera a dinâmica de nutrientes e carboidratos, bem como a fisiologia de crescimento no ciclo seguinte da aplicação em videiras. Ethephon has been used in the tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil, where the vegetative growth of grapevine is continuous, with different finalities. However, little is know about the effects of this treatment on the distribution and accumulation of nutrients and carbohydrates and on the growth of grapevine. For this purpose, young plants of SO4 rootstock were sprayed with ethephon solution (72 mg.L-1). After the application, the dropped leaves of the treated plants were collected daily until the last leaf fell. At this point, the leaves of untreated plants were hand picked. In the next cycle, the number of sprouted buds and growth of leaves (number) and branches (number and length) were evaluated in each plant. Fifty seven days after bud sprout, the plants were collected and separated in leaves, branches, stem and roots. Each part was dried and N, P, K, Ca, Mg and starch were determinate. In the senescence leaves from the first cycle, a reduction of N and an increase of starch and P by ethephon treatment were observed. In the following cycle, the treated plants have increased the number of bud sprouts (+50%) but with a reduced growth of branches and leaves. During this second cycle the ethephon also increased the concentration of N and Mg in leaves and N in roots. However, during this cycle the concentration of starch in leaves and amount of N, K and Ca in branches were reduced. In general, the results emphasized that ethephon changes the dynamic of nutrient and carbohydrates as well as the physiology of growth in the following cycle after its application in grapevines.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782004000500051.pdf: 24992 bytes, checksum: d594f0aee9f8f8bbc8eebadd4803013a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782004000500051.pdf: 24992 bytes, checksum: d594f0aee9f8f8bbc8eebadd4803013a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:56:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782004000500051.pdf: 24992 bytes, checksum: d594f0aee9f8f8bbc8eebadd4803013a (MD5) S0103-84782004000500051.pdf.txt: 15273 bytes, checksum: b8d9b2615b3defd50b56ec5d901e3122 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782004000500051.pdf: 24992 bytes, checksum: d594f0aee9f8f8bbc8eebadd4803013a (MD5) S0103-84782004000500051.pdf.txt: 15273 bytes, checksum: b8d9b2615b3defd50b56ec5d901e3122 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782004000500051.pdf: 24992 bytes, checksum: d594f0aee9f8f8bbc8eebadd4803013a (MD5) S0103-84782004000500051.pdf.txt: 15273 bytes, checksum: b8d9b2615b3defd50b56ec5d901e3122 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-01 O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o enraizamento de estacas herbáceas de dois porta-enxertos de videiras ( Campinas - IAC 766 e Jales - IAC 572) em três tipos de substratos (casca de arroz carbonizada, vermiculita de grânulos finos e vermiculita de grânulos médios). Para tanto, estacas retiradas de plantas matrizes livres de vírus foram preparadas a partir das porções medianas de ramos tenros e verdes. O enraizamento foi realizado em caixas plásticas perfuradas contendo os substratos em câmara de nebulização. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o inteiramento casualizado com 6 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo cada parcela composta por 10 estacas. Após quatro semanas da estaquia, o efeito dos fatores (porta-enxertos e substratos) foi avaliado, e se pode concluir que: a) a porcentagem média de enraizamento dos porta-enxertos nos diferentes substratos é alta (90%); b) a casca de arroz carbonizada propicia os melhores resultados de enraizamento para os porta-enxertos estudados; e c) o Campinas é superior em relação ao Jales quanto ao número de raízes emitidas por estaca e à matéria do seu sistema radicular. This research was an attempt to evaluate the herbaceous cutting rooting of two vine rootstocks ( Campinas - IAC 766 and Jales - IAC 572) on three types of plant growth medium (hull rice coal, vermiculite - small granules and vermiculite - medium granules). Cuttings were taken from a virus-free stock plant, through the removal of green branches. Firstly, preparation of cuttings consisted on the elimination of the leaves of the basal portion, leaving one leaf in the superior part of each one. After that, the cuttings were placed in plastic boxes containing different types of growth medium on mist chamber. A randomized design was used as statistical model with 6 treatments and 5 replications. Each plot was composed of 10 cuttings. Once the proper rooting was observed, the effect of roostock and growth medium was evaluated. It was possible to conclude that: a) the average porcentage of rooted rootstocks on the different growth medium is high (90%); b) hull rice coal provides the best results for cutting rooting for both rootstocks; and c) Campinas rootstock is superior than Jales regarding the number of roots per cutting and the root system weight. Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista

Instalou-se um experimento conduzido em casa de vegetação, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brasil, no qual estacas do porta-enxerto SO4 (Teleki 4 Sel. Oppenheim) (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia) com uma, duas ou três gemas foram ou não inoculadas com duas espécies de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) (Gigaspora margarita e Scutellospora heterogama). Após dez meses de experimento, analisou-se a porcentagem de sobrevivência, o número de folhas e de raízes, peso de matéria fresca e seca da raiz e da parte aérea, e tamanho das brotações. A porcentagem de sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento vegetativo das estacas de SO4 foram diretamente proporcionais ao número de gemas das mesmas, sendo recomendado o uso de estacas com três gemas. Verificou-se que os FMA testados incrementaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo de plântulas de SO4, independentemente da espécie estudada. The effect of two AMF (Gigaspora margarita and Scutellospora heterogama) on rooting and vegetative development of SO4 (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia) grapevine rootstock with different cutting length (one, two or three buds) was evaluated. The number of leafs and roots, the matter weight and dry roots and stems, and the bud size were measured a ten-month period. Both AMF were efficient to increase SO4 rootstock vegetative development. SO4 rootstock survival and vegetative development increased with bud number. Therefore, the use of three buds cutting was recomended.

The 'pink Niagara' grape (V. labrusca L. x V. vinifera L.) anomaly characterized by leaf chlorosis and "chocolate" (internal browning) of the young fruit, at first thought to be a virus disease, has been found to be a result of boron deficiency. The anomaly was first recorded in 1974. It occurs in patches in vineyards of Indaiatuba and Jundiai, two grape-growing counties of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Affected plants show yellowing between the primary and secondary veins of the upper leaves and malformed clusters, with normal-sized berries and small ones. Some small fruits are slightly elongated and show dark areas on the skin; many have dark brown pulp, easily visible when they are still green. Severely affected plants become stunted. Chemical analysis showed a lower boron content in the affected plants (18 ppm in the leaf blades and 7 ppm in the fruit) than in normal ones (24 ppm in the leaf blades and 10 ppm in the fruit). Leaf samples from three nearby vineyards without the anomaly presented a boron content of 35 ppm. Leaf blades from abnormal and normal 'Traviu' rootstocks (V. riparia Michaux. x V. rupestris Scheele x V. cordifolia Michaux., '106-8') had 16 ppm and 43 ppm B, respectively. An efficient control of the anomaly was got with borax, applied after prunning to affected plants at the rates of 5, 10 and 20 g per plant, or with boric acid at the concentrations of 0.3 and 0.6%a sprayed at flowering and when the fruits were small. There was a residual effect of the treatment on the anomaly for at least one more season.