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4 results on '"Vila, Hernán"'

1. Evaluation of NaCl tolerance on grapevines cultivars and hybrids rootstocks from genus Vitis

Author

Martin, Leandro and Vila, Hernán

Subjects
Salinity, Tolerancia salina, Datos estadísticos, Salinidad, Vid, Vitis vinífera, Portainjertos, Grapevines, Rootstocks
Abstract

El objetivo fue evaluar la supervivencia al riego con soluciones de NaCl en 28 genotipos del género Vitis para identificar su grado de tolerancia salina. Se estudiaron 11 híbridos de Vitis americanos y 17 variedades de Vitis vinifera. Plantas de 1 y 2 años se regaron durante 66 días con una solución 100 mM de NaCl. Para clasificar las variedades de acuerdo con su grado de tolerancia a la salinidad, se calculó el día en que el 25% de la población había muerto (1er cuartil de la muestra). Se consideraron como genotipos sensibles aquellos en que al menos 25% había muerto antes del día 30 (3309 Couderc, 161-49 Couderc, Fercal, Freedom, 1103 Paulsen, 99 Richter, SO4, Torrontés Sanjuanino), como poco tolerantes cuando al menos 25% murió entre los días 30 y 60 (Cereza, Colombard, Criollas Blanca y Ballista, Palomino, 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, Syrah, Torrontés Riojano) y como tolerantes cuando el 75% o menos sobrevivió más de 60 días (101-14 Millardet-Grasset, 196-17 Castel, Criollas Chica y Sanjuanina, Moscatel de Alejandría, Pedro Giménez). Aun en los genotipos más tolerantes cuando las plantas crecieron bajo salinidad, la integridad de membranas celulares se redujo un 17% y el contenido de clorofila total disminuyó un 52%. The purpose of this study was to assess the survival to NaCl in 28 genotypes of the genus Vitis for identifying their degree of salt tolerance. The evaluation included 11 American rootstocks and 17 varieties from Vitis vinifera. Young vines of each genotype were drip-irrigated with a solution of 100 mM of NaCl during 66 days. The day in which 25% of the population had died (1st sample quartile) was calculated, allowing to classify the genotypes according to their salinity tolerance. Three groups of tolerance could be established. First, a sensitive group in which 25% died before the day 30 (3309 Couderc, 161-49 Couderc, Fercal, Freedom, 1103 Paulsen, 99 Richter, SO4, Torrontés Sanjuanino). Second, a moderately tolerant group in which 25% died between the days 30 and 60 (Cereza, Colombard, Criolla Blanca, Criolla Ballista, Palomino, 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, Syrah, Torrontés Riojano). Finally, the tolerant group in which 75% survived more than 60 days (101-14 Millardet-Grasset, 196-17 Castel, Criolla Chica, Criolla Sanjuanina, Moscatel de Alejandría, Pedro Giménez). Even in the most tolerant genotypes when the vines grew under salinity, the membranes integrity decreased 17% and the total chlorophyll content decreased 52%. Fil: Martin, Leandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Fil: Vila, Hernán. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza.

Published
2013

2. Evaluación de tolerancia al NaCl en cultivares viníferas y portainjertos híbridos del género Vitis.

Author

Martin, Leandro and Vila, Hernán

Subjects
*EFFECT of salt on plants, *GRAPES, *SALINITY, *ROOTSTOCKS, *PLANT growth
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the survival to NaCl in 28 genotypes of the genus Vitis for identifying their degree of salt tolerance. The evaluation included 11 American rootstocks and 17 varieties from Vitis vinifera. Young vines of each genotype were drip-irrigated with a solution of 100 mM of NaCl during 66 days. The day in which 25% of the population had died (1st sample quartile) was calculated, allowing to classify the genotypes according to their salinity tolerance. Three groups of tolerance could be established. First, a sensitive group in which 25% died before the day 30 (3309 Couderc, 161-49 Couderc, Fercal, Freedom, 1103 Paulsen, 99 Richter, SO4, Torrontés Sanjuanino). Second, a moderately tolerant group in which 25% died between the days 30 and 60 (Cereza, Colombard, Criolla Blanca, Criolla Ballista, Palomino, 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, Syrah, Torrontés Riojano). Finally, the tolerant group in which 75% survived more than 60 days (101-14 Millardet-Grasset, 196-17 Castel, Criolla Chica, Criolla Sanjuanina, Moscatel de Alejandría, Pedro Giménez). Even in the most tolerant genotypes when the vines grew under salinity, the membranes integrity decreased 17% and the total chlorophyll content decreased 52%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

3. Comparación de las respuestas al estrés hídrico y salino de los portainjertos de vid 1103P y 101-14Mgt, injertados con Cabernet Sauvignon.

Author

Cecilia Lucero, Claudia, Di Filippo, Marina, Vila, Hernán, and Venier, Matías

Subjects
*EFFECT of stress on plants, *EFFECT of drought on plants, *SOIL salinity, *ROOTSTOCKS, *VITIS vinifera, *IRRIGATION, *DROUGHT tolerance
Abstract

In arid regions under irrigation, vineyards often face water deficit and salinity. As these stressors often occur simultaneously, it is difficult to assess their individual relative severity. The aim of this work was to independently study the physiological responses of grapevine to salinity and water deficit, in order to understand and compare their effects. A pot trial was designed, grafting Cabernet Sauvignon onto 1103P and 101-14 Mgt. Three treatments were evaluated: saline irrigation (Salino; 80 mM ClNa and field capacity), water stress (EH; 0,4 faction of soil transpirable water and 2 mM NaCl) and a control (T; without any stress factors, field capacity and 2mM NaCl). After 54 days, Salino showed smaller effect on leaf area (AF) and shoot length than EH. AF diminished 53% for Salino, while for EH, AF was reduced in a 78% with respect to T. Shoot length diminished 68% for Salino and 83% for EH. Total biomass did not show any difference between both stresses, falling 52% for both situations. However, regarding the biomass partitioning, Salino had higher canopy dry weight while EH showed higher root dry weight. Midday leaf water potential was -1,3 MPa for Salino and EH and -0,9 MPa for T. Although stomatal conductance was similarly reduced for both stress treatments (-41% compared to T), with no differences between rootstocks; an interaction was found between the type of stress and rootstock for net photosynthesis. Finally, 1103P showed a higher Na+ exclusion power than 101-14Mgt (accumulating 21% less Na+ in the plant). Even though the behavior of the Cabernet sauvignon scion was similar for both rootstocks, the higher exclusion that 1103P showed may indicate possible better performances upon salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017

4. Influencia de seis portainjertos de vid sobre el comportamiento vitícola de la cv. Malbec y estudio de las relaciones hídricas que se establecen

Author

Di Filippo, Marina and Vila, Hernán

Subjects
Hydraulic conductance, Eficacia en el uso del agua, Water use efficiency, Vid, Recursos hídricos, Roots, Mendoza (Argentina), Portainjertos, Conductancia hidráulica de raíces, Uva, Raíces, Datos estadísticos, Vitis, Rootstocks
Abstract

El uso de portainjertos en la vid se ha difundido por su resistencia a filoxera y nemátodos, pero también por su tolerancia a condiciones adversas del suelo. Por otro lado, los portainjertos modifican las relaciones fuente-destino, influyendo en el comportamiento vegetativo y reproductivo de las plantas y en la composición de la uva, lo cuál puede ser utilizado como una herramienta de manejo agronómico. A fin de evaluar si existe un comportamiento diferencial de los portainjertos en cuanto a expresión vegetativa, vigor, rendimiento y composición de la uva, y explicar dichas diferencias en términos de exploración radical, relaciones hídricas, asimilación de carbono, eficiencia en el uso del agua y partición de asimilados se realizó un ensa-yo a campo de cv. Malbec sobre seis portainjertos (3309 C, 1103 P, 140 Ru, SO4, Harmony y Cereza) y a pie franco. Los portainjertos 140 Ru, 1103 P y SO4 tuvieron una mayor tendencia a la producción de uva (mayor Índice de Ravaz), y Franco, Cereza y 3309 C a vegetar, mostrando Harmony una situación intermedia. Las ba-yas sobre el pie Cereza tuvieron un mayor peso (1,96 g) que sobre Harmony (1,75 g). No se encontraron diferencias en los polifenoles de las bayas entre portainjertos. La fotosíntesis de la planta entera (Amax) de Franco, 1103 P y SO4 fue mayor que la de Harmony. La conductancia hidráulica foliar específica (kL) de Harmony fue me-nor que la de Cereza, y su conductancia hidráulica (kH) fue menor que la de Franco, Cereza y SO4. El número de raíces totales de 140 Ru fue mayor que el de 1103 P, SO4 y Harmony. El portainjerto 140 Ru se destacó por privilegiar el desarrollo radi-cal y reproductivo sobre el vegetativo, y por su mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA). Las diferencias entre portainjertos pueden ser explicadas en parte por dife-rencias en la kL que a su vez incide en el estado hídrico de las plantas (ΨL). De ma-nera que cuando la kL es más baja, el ΨL es menor (i.e., Harmony), y cuando la kL es más alta, el ΨL es mayor (i.e., Franco y Cereza). Mayores ΨL se asocian con mayores superficies foliares. The use of rootstocks in grapevine has been diffused not only for its resis-tance against phylloxera and nematodes, but also for its tolerance to overcome site difficulties. On the other hand, rootstocks modify the relation between source and sink, having influence on the vegetative and reproductive behaviour of the plants and the grapes quality. Therefore they can be used as an agronomic tool. A trial was performed on field growth plants of cv. Malbec on six rootstocks (3309 C, 1103 P, 140 Ru, S04, Harmony and Cereza) and on own roots (Franco) in order to evaluate if there is a differential behaviour of the rootstocks with regard to vegetative expres-sion, vigour, yield and grape quality and to explain such differences in terms of roots exploration, water relations, CO2 assimilation, water use efficiency and carbohy-drates partitions. The rootstocks 140 Ru, 1103 P and SO4 had a higher tendency to the grape production (higher index of Ravaz), meanwhile Franco, Cereza and 3309 C seemed to vegetate more, and Harmony showed a middle condition. The berries of Cereza had a higher weight (1.96 g) than the one of Harmony (1.75 g). No differ-ences in the poliphenolics of the berries among the rootstocks have been found. The whole plant photosynthesis (Amax) of Franco, 1103 P and SO4 was higher than the Amax of Harmony. Leaf specific hydraulic conductance (kL) of Harmony was lower than the kL of Cereza and its hydraulic conductance (kH) was lower than the kH of Franco, Cereza and SO4. Total roots number of 140 Ru was higher than those of 1103 P, SO4 and Harmony. The rootstock 140 Ru showed off for its favorable car-bohydrates partitions and its higher water use efficiency (EUA). The differences be-tween rootstocks could be explained partly to differences in the kL that affected the water status of the plants (ΨL). So that when the kL is lower, the ΨL is lower (e.g., Harmony) and when the kL is higher, the ΨL is greater (e.g., Franco and Cereza). Higher ΨL are associated with greater leaf areas. Fil: Di Filippo, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.

Published
2008

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