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Background: Rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT) is a widespread musculoskeletal disorder and a primary cause of shoulder pain and limited function. The resulting pain and limited functionality have a detrimental impact on the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for RCT., Methods: The literature search was conducted on the following databases from inception to February 20, 2024: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were checked to identify the potential studies exploring the effect of ESWT for the treatment of Rotator cuff tendinopathy (Calcification or non-calcification), control group for sham, other treatments (including placebo), without restriction of date, language. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies, and performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software., Results: A total of 16 RCTs with 1093 patients were included. The results showed that compared with the control group, ESWT for pain score Visual Analogue Scale/Score (VAS) (SMD = -1.95, 95% CI -2.47, -1.41, P < 0.00001), function score Constant-Murley score (CMS) (SMD = 1.30, 95% CI 0.67, 1.92, P < 0.00001), University of California Los Angeles score (UCLA) (SMD = 2.69, 95% CI 1.64, 3.74, P < 0.00001), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form (ASES) (SMD = 1.29, 95% CI 0.93, 1.65, P < 0.00001), Range of motion (ROM) External rotation (SMD = 1.00, 95% CI 0.29, 1.72, P = 0.02), Total effective rate (TER) (OR = 3.64, 95% CI 1.85, 7.14, P = 0.0002), the differences in the above results were statistically significant. But ROM-Abduction (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI -0.22, 1.66, P = 0.13), the difference was not statistically significant., Conclusion: Currently limited evidence suggests that, compared with the control group, ESWT can provide better pain relief, functional recovery, and maintenance of function in patients with RCT., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: There have been few studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the clinical outcomes and structural results after arthroscopic repair of bursal-side partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs)., Methods: From 2009 to 2012, 73 consecutive patients with bursal-side PTRCTs underwent arthroscopic repair. Fifty-nine of them were retrospectively evaluated as Ellman classification grade 2 (group A, n = 11) or grade 3 (group B, n = 48). All repairs were performed with a technique that preserved the intact articular fibers and repaired the avulsed bursal flap. The University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) score and Constant score were assessed before the operation and at the final follow-up. Postoperative cuff integrity was determined with MRI following Sugaya's classification., Results: At the 2-year follow-up, the average UCLA score increased from 17.3 ± 3.7 to 33.3 ± 2.2, and the Constant score increased from 65.3 ± 12.9 to 93.9 ± 5.1 (P < .001). Forty-nine patients received follow-up MRI examinations at an average of 10.3 months after surgery. Of these 49 patients, 41 patients (83.7%) had a healed tendon and 8 patients had partial tears. Neither the clinical scores nor the retear rates on follow-up MRI were significantly different between the 2 groups., Conclusions: Arthroscopic repair of bursal-side PTRCTs achieved good functional and structural outcomes at a minimum of 2 years after surgery., (Copyright © 2015 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Rotator cuff tears are a common shoulder injury that significantly impacts patients' daily lives and work abilities. Although surgical treatment methods for rotator cuff tears have been continuously improved with advances in medical technology, postoperative rehabilitation remains challenging. Therefore, finding effective rehabilitation treatments is crucial for improving patient prognosis and enhancing quality of life. This study will aim to systematically evaluate the impact of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on postoperative rehabilitation of rotator cuff tears, comprehensively assessing the efficacy and safety of LIPUS in postoperative recovery. Methods: This protocol will search multiple databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials related to LIPUS for postoperative rehabilitation of rotator cuff tears. The search will encompass literature published from the inception of the databases up to April 2024. Methodological quality assessment and data extraction will be conducted using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analysis will be performed on appropriate studies using either random-effects or fixed-effects models, and subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore potential heterogeneity. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria will be included in the analysis. All analyses will be performed using Stata version 16.0. Results: The incidence of rotator cuff tear rates will be assessed by imaging techniques such as MRI or ultrasound. Pain intensity will be scored using standardized pain assessment scales, such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Improved range of motion (ROM) in shoulder flexion, abduction, and rotation. Functional outcomes will be evaluated using effective measures such as Constant-Murley scores (CMS) and shoulder joint scores by American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES). Adverse events associated with LIPUS therapy, including skin irritation, increased pain, or any other complications. Subgroup analysis will also be carried out if possible. Discussion and conclusion: Following the meta-analysis, we will assess the overall effect of LIPUS on postoperative rehabilitation of rotator cuff tears, and further explore its impact on aspects such as pain relief, functional improvement, and postoperative complications. It is anticipated that this study will provide comprehensive evidence regarding the role of LIPUS in postoperative rehabilitation of rotator cuff tears, guiding clinical practice and future research. The resultant manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Protocol registration number: CRD42024530798. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rotator cuff injury (RCI) is a common musculoskeletal ailment and a major cause of shoulder pain and limited functionality. The ensuing pain and restricted movement significantly impact overall quality of life. This study aims to systematically review the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on RCI. Methods: This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. A literature search, spanning inception to November 1, 2023, will include databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify ESWT studies for RCI treatment. Excluding retrospectives, bias risk will be assessed with the Cochrane tool. Two researchers will independently screen, extract data, and evaluate bias risk. Revman 5.3 software will be used for data analysis. Results: This study aims to objectively and comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of randomized controlled trials of ESWT in the treatment of RCI, and analyze in detail the effect of ESWT in the treatment of RCI. Results will be analyzed using the Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Constant-Murley score, University of California Los Angeles score (UCLA), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form (ASES). If applicable, subgroup analysis will also be performed to divide patients into groups according to the energy level of ESWT, the time of intervention, and the degree of tearing of RCI. Finally, the results are submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Discussion and conclusion: There is existing evidence suggesting that ESWT may contribute to the amelioration of pain and functional limitations associated with Rotator Cuff Injury (RCI). This systematic review aims to update, consolidate, and critically evaluate relevant evidence on the effects of ESWT for RCI. The anticipated outcomes may serve as a valuable reference for clinical ESWT practices, covering treatment methods, timing, and intensity. Moreover, this review aspires to provide high-quality evidence addressing the impact of ESWT on RCI-related pain. Simultaneously, the findings of this systematic review are poised to offer guidance to clinicians and rehabilitation therapists. This guidance is intended to enhance the management of pain and functional impairments experienced by individuals with RCI, ultimately leading to improvements in their physical well-being. Trial registration: Protocol registration numberCRD42023441407. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023441407. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics of intratendinous subscapularis (inSSC) tears. Methods: Retrospectively, 69 patients with arthroscopically confirmed inSSC tears were identified from 2018 to 2019. Preoperatively and at final follow-up, thorough physical examination was performed and clinical outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score; University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] score; visual analogue scale [VAS] for pain; and Simple Shoulder Test [SST]) were recorded. Features of pre-operative magnetic resonance image (MRI) such as high signalling within the tendon substance, communication to the bicipital groove and long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) lesions were investigated. Characteristics of arthroscopic view were investigated. Bear-hug and internal rotation resistance test at 90° abduction and external rotation (IRRT90°) test were used to assess the SSC strength. Results: The mean follow-up was 2.4 (2–3) years. The prevalence of arthroscopically confirmed inSSC tears was 69/675 (10.2%) among arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. Pre-operative physical examination found positive IRRT90° and bear-hug test in 41/60 (68.3%) and 42/69 (60.8%) patients, respectively. The Cohen kappa coefficient was interpreted to be substantial for the evaluation of all MRI parameters. According to the conditions of LHBT, inSSC tears were classified into 3 types: type I: without LHBT subluxation and tear; type II: with LHBT subluxation or tears and type III: with LHBT dislocation. At final follow-up, mean ASES, UCLA, VAS, and SST scores improved significantly from mean of 50.6 ± 14.7, 19.4 ± 3.07, 6.2 ± 2.0, and 6.1 ± 2.5 to mean of 90.7 ± 9.5, 32.2 ± 1.8, 1.4 ± 1.2 and 9.8 ± 2.2, respectively (P < 0.001). Bilateral symmetric strength was found by bear-hug and IRRT90° test in all patients postoperatively. Conclusion: Understanding features of pre-operative MRI, physical examination and arthroscopic view is helpful to identify inSSC tears. Arthroscopic repair yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes in patients with inSSC tears. Level of evidence: Level IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis" published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. The correction states that the 6th author, Yulei Liu, was omitted from the original article and has now been added to the author group. Yulei Liu is affiliated with the Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University in Beijing, China. The original article has been corrected accordingly. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The prevalence of nonunion after the Latarjet procedure remains high. The purpose of the present study was to investigate healing and clinical outcomes after a novel arthroscopic coracoid process transfer procedure.Methods: Sixty-three patients who underwent the arthroscopic inlay Bristow procedure combined with Bankart repair were identified, and 51 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The key feature of this technique was that the coracoid process was trimmed and fixed into a trough (5 to 10 mm deep) in the glenoid neck with a metal screw. Bone graft union and positioning accuracy were assessed with use of postoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging. Clinical examinations, return to sport, and functional scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] and Rowe scores) were recorded.Results: The mean duration of follow-up (and standard deviation) was 41.5 ± 7.7 months (range, 36 to 48 months). Postoperative CT scans showed that the position of coracoid graft was at 4:10 (from 3:50 to 5:00) (referencing the right shoulder) in the sagittal view. The α angle was 16.4° ± 9.5°, with 4 (7.8%) of 51 screws being over-angulated (α > 25°). On the axial view, the graft position was considered to be flush in 33 patients (64.7%), medial in 11 (21.6%), congruent in 7 (13.7%), and lateral or too medial in none. At 1 year, the coracoid graft had healed in 49 patients (96.1%) and had failed to unite in 2 patients. CT scanning, performed for 47 patients, showed grade-0 osteolysis in 9 patients, grade-1 osteolysis in 21 patients, and grade-2 osteolysis in 17 patients. At the time of the latest follow-up, there was a significant increase in the Rowe score (from 35.5 ± 8.3 to 95.7 ± 7.2) and the ASES score (from 71.2 ± 9.7 to 91.5 ± 4.4), and 87.0% of patients were able to return to sport. No arthropathy was observed in any patient.Conclusions: After a minimum 3-year follow-up, the arthroscopic inlay Bristow procedure resulted in a high rate of graft healing, excellent clinical outcomes, and a high rate of return to sports.Level Of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A new clinical test for evaluating subscapularis (SSC) integrity was described, and its diagnostic value was compared with the present SSC tests (the lift-off, belly-press, IRLS and bear-hug tests). The new test is called internal rotation resistance test at abduction and external rotation (IRRT). The test is performed at maximal 90° of abduction and maximal external rotation. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-five consecutive patients suffering from rotator cuff injury were evaluated preoperatively. Six tests were performed to assess the function of the SSC: the lift-off, belly-press, IRLS, the bear-hug, IRRT at 0° abduction and 0° external rotation (IRRT0°) and IRRT at maximal 90° abduction and maximal external rotation (IRRTM). Arthroscopic findings were the reference for diagnosing of SSC lesions. Results: The IRRTM test showed the greatest sensitivity (76.5 %), and IRLS (31.6 %) test had the lowest sensitivity. The IRRTM had the highest accuracy (79.0 %), and lift-off had the lowest accuracy (65.3 %). Positive IRRTM, bear-hug, belly-press, IRRT0° tests indicate that about one-third of the SSC is torn, and a positive lift-off and IRLS tests predict a severe tear at least two-thirds of the SSC. Conclusions: The IRRTM represents a sensitive diagnostic test for SSC lesions and improves the chance of finding the upper part of the SSC tears. When the IRRTM is positive, the surgeon should pay particular attention to detecting the SSC tendon during arthroscopy. Level of evidence: Diagnostic study, Level I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]