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The wide utilization of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is obstructed by the severely limited energy constraints of the individual sensor nodes. This is the reason why a large part of the research in WSNs focuses on the development of energy efficient routing protocols. In this paper, a new protocol called Equalized Cluster Head Election Routing Protocol (ECHERP), which pursues energy conservation through balanced clustering, is proposed. ECHERP models the network as a linear system and, using the Gaussian elimination algorithm, calculates the combinations of nodes that can be chosen as cluster heads in order to extend the network lifetime. The performance evaluation of ECHERP is carried out through simulation tests, which evince the effectiveness of this protocol in terms of network energy efficiency when compared against other well-known protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have an ever increasing variety of multimedia based applications. Ιn these types of applications, network nodes should ideally maximize QoS and minimize energy expenditures in video communication. This article presents PEMuR, a novel dual scheme for efficient video communication, which aims at both energy saving and high QoS attainment. To achieve its objectives, PEMuR proposes the combined use of an energy aware hierarchical routing protocol with an intelligent video packet scheduling algorithm. The adopted routing protocol enables the selection of the most energy efficient routing paths, manages the network load according to the energy residues of the nodes and prevents useless data transmissions through the proposed use of an energy threshold. In this way, an outstanding level of energy efficiency is achieved. Additionally, the proposed packet scheduling algorithm enables the reduction of the video transmission rate with the minimum possible increase of distortion. In order to do so, it makes use of an analytical distortion prediction model that can accurately predict the resulted video distortion due to any error pattern. Thus, the algorithm may cope with limited available channel bandwidth by selectively dropping less significant packets prior to their transmission. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The power awareness issue is the primary concern within the domain of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Most power dissipation occurs during communication, thus routing protocols in WSNs mainly aim at power conservation. Moreover, a routing protocol should be scalable, so that its effectiveness does not degrade as the network size increases. In response to these issues, this work describes the development of an efficient routing protocol, named SHPER (Scaling Hierarchical Power Efficient Routing). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]