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Fruit wines are products obtained after the processing of fruit crops which are not grapes. Water and alcohol are the most abundant constituents of fruit wines, along with biologically active compounds which are present in small amounts. Taken together, they significantly affect the physicochemical quality parameters. Before market placement, it is important to determine the physicochemical quality parameters of fruit wines. This study deals with the determination of physicochemical quality parameters in blackberry and sour cherry fruit wines produced in Serbia. The total content of acids determined by titration was in the interval from 7.37 to 9.05 g/L express to mallic acid. The pH values were from 2.75 to 3.57. The content of free SO2 is important to prevent spoilage induced by microorganisms, and it was in the range from 12.52 to 15.21 mg/L. The ethanol content of samples was in the interval from 6.87 to 13.57 % v/v. The obtained values for ethanol content were in accordance with the initial content of sugar in vinification, which was in the range from 13.8 to 24.2 ° Brix. Total phenolic content of fruit wines was from 1895.77 to 2417.21 mg/L expressed as gallic acid equivalents. All the investigated physicochemical parameters of the analyzed fruit wines, except ethanol content, were in line with the National Regulations for Quality and Other Demands for Grape Wine (National Regulations). The obtained results indicate the quality of fruit and demonstrate that all the procedures applied during wine production were conducted properly to obtain a quality final product. Ethanol content was below the minimal limit in 5 of 11 analyzed samples according to the National Regulations. This can be explained by the fact that every fruit has a different composition of natural constituents, which is a crucial reason to adopt specific regulations related to quality and other requirements for fruit wines.

Obesity is considered to be a chronic complex disease that increases the risk of diabetes, heart diseases and certain cancers. According to the literature, in obese people the gastrointestinal microbiota is disturbed, which could be the cause of the onset of obesity and related diseases. Moreover, there are small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) that are disturbed in obesity, which are also considered to be a possible mechanism of probiotics' action. Certain microRNAs are involved in the development and metabolism of adipose tissue cells, as well as the secretion and action of insulin, showing that changed expression of certain miRNAs could have a significant impact on the onset and development of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Thus, miRNAs are considered to be possible markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various metabolic diseases, and possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and related diseases. Considering the growing need of the healthcare system for nutraceuticals and dietary supplements that present effective and safe medical nutritive therapy in obese individuals, this work aimed to assess the beneficial effects of probiotics on obesity-related microRNAs. In this review, we described the role of microRNAs and probiotics in obesity and the association between probiotics and obesityrelated microRNAs. Circulating miRNAs' profile in obese individuals significantly differs from that of normal-weight individuals. miRNAs such as miR-155, miR-221, miR-24-3p, and miR181a are over-expressed, while miR-26b and 125a are under-expressed in obese patients compared to non-obese individuals. It has been found that supplementation with Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus could downregulate the expression of miR-155 and miR221, and upregulate the expression of miR-26b. Supplementation with a probiotic formulation containing S. boulardii, L. plantarum 299v, and octacosanol led to the downregulation of miR155 and miR-24-3p expression. miR-125a and miR-181a were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, after the intervention with L. delbrueckii and L. rhamnosus. After reviewing the available literature, we can conclude that probiotics have beneficial effects on microRNAs altered in obesity, which could provide an effective strategy for the management of obesity.

Dietary supplements (DS) are manufactured products consisting of one or more dietary ingredients; they are intended to supplement the diet and provide additional nutrients or other beneficial compounds that are lacking or insufficient in a regular diet. Dietary supplements containing antioxidant compounds have been shown to have positive effects in various (pato)physiological processes, i.e., any condition that is fundamentally redox imbalanced (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, aging, intense exercise). The most common antioxidants in dietary supplements are clearly antioxidant micronutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and selenium, but also various secondary plant compounds, including polyphenols and carotenoids. The dosage of antioxidants administered through dietary supplements may not always be optimal, so some dietary interventions through supplementation with antioxidant compounds have been shown to have an effect that it is limited, or completely absent. Therefore, any dietary supplementation should be done only under appropriate guidance from health care professionals to ensure that it is safe, effective, and appropriate for the individual's condition and needs.

Optimally balanced diet in order to body weight control in combination with adequate physical activity has an important role in the prevention of degenerative joint disorders. Weight reduction is important in ameliorating some of the manifestations of osteoarthritis (OA) and improving the quality of life. There is growing interest in the beneficial effects of some nutrients, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D, as well as many non-nutrient biological active compounds on progression structural damages, pain and functions of the joints. Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, S-adenosylmethionine, methylsulfonylmethane, alone or in combination, are among the most widely used dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of OA. However, there are limited high-quality designed clinical trials which supported its potential symptomatic and structure-modifying effects.

Introduction and objective. Analysis of using dietary supplements (DS) is an important today as it may indicate the need and the ways of rationalising the use of such products. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of use of the DS by the recreationists, as well as the role of health professionals in the process. Methods. A descriptive epidemiological investigation included a total of 100 recreationists who voluntarily completed the anonymous survey. The research was conducted in five fitness centres in Podgorica. In order to collect data, we used the original questionnaire. Results. The study involved 100 subjects with an average age of 28 years. Survey results have shown that there are a major percentage (43%) of those respondents who use DS continuously, 38% use it occasionally, and 19% never use the DS. Among all respondents, 29% of respondents said that they currently use 2-3, and even 8% said that they used more than 5 different products at the same time. The three most commonly used supplements are vitamins 18.7%, protein supplements 17.26% and amino acids 11.87%. Most of the respondents stated that they buy DS at the pharmacy 25%, in the fitness centre / gym 21.51% or at local resellers 18.02%. The polling data have shown that respondents generally receive recommendations on the use of the DS from fitness instructors / trainers or friends, and at least from physicians, pharmacists and nutritionists. Conclusion. The study shows that a large number of recreationists use the DS irrationally, without clear indications and recommendations by health professionals. It is necessary to make additional educational efforts not only regarding health care professionals but also regarding those who work in fitness centres to better inform users about the use of the DS.

Pregnancy is one of the most nutritionally demanding periods in a woman's life. During pregnancy there is an increase in nutritional requirements in order to support fetal growth and development. Maternal metabolic demands and tissue development specific to reproduction are also in a need for additional nutrition. Increased need for macro- and micronutrients can be achieved by well-balanced and varied diet. Dietary supplements may be used when it is not possible to have adequate diet due to subjective or objective reasons such as nausea and vomiting. Dietary supplements are defined as concentrated sources of nutrients and other substances with nutritional or physiological effect in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Supplements that are most commonly used in pregnancy are folic acid and iron. Substances that do not occur in sufficient amount in food, such as vitamins and minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 series, diatary fibers, may also be added to a diet in a form of supplements. Different countries have different recommendations regarding use of dietary supplements in pregnancy, which indicates that the use of supplements largely depends on demographic, social and economic parameters. In Serbia, supplementation is based on recommendations from gynecologists and individual choice of a pregnant woman as there are still no national recommendations, except for supplementation of folic acid.