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Carcinoma cervix is a major health problem faced by Indian women and situation is very alarming in rural population because of illiteracy and poverty. There is urgent need of creating awareness regarding the risk factors of cervical cancer such as early marriage and multiparity in the rural women and the importance of early detection of the cervical cancer. With aim for providing single life time Pap smear cover to the rural women, cervical cancer screening program was initiated in May 2013 by Era's Lucknow, Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, through organizing camps in the villages of Lucknow, west. Till December 2019, a total of 183 camps have been organized and 5209 women attended these camps (28.5%). Pap smear examination could be done in only 2912 women (55.9%). The incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions of cervix (SIL) was found to be very high in these women (17.1%) though majority of SIL were of low grade (LSIL). This may be related to the poor personal genital hygiene prevailing in rural women due to illiteracy. In the present review, the SIL incidence has been extensively analyzed in relation to different predisposing factors of cervical carcinogenesis and problems faced during camp organization and the benefits derived from these camps to rural women have been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Falls are a major health issue amongst elderly. Early identification of falls in elderly would certainly reduce morbidity and mortality. Most of the falls in elderly can be attributed to the combination of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. A wide array of factors may be attributed to the falls in elderly. World Health Organization concept of Active Ageing could only be conceptualized if the risks of falls could be identified early in the course of an aging individual. However falls cannot be completed eliminated as risk factor of falls in elderly as it depends upon a wide array of factors. This study was conducted in the urban and rural field practice areas of Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital. This consists of Villages of Kakori block & mohallas of old Lucknow. People of either sex, 60 yrs of age and above residing in the field practice areas of Department Of Community Medicine constitute the study unit. It was a community based cross sectional study. The period of study was one year from October 2011 to September 2012 which was used for the development of study tools, collection of data, analysis and presentation of findings. Taking Prevalence as 50% and the value of allowable error, d to be as 5% the sample size was 400. A predesigned and pretested interview schedule was used to elicit information on sociodemographic characteristics and required information. In the present study 43.8% of the elderly males and 66.7% of the females in rural area had a fall within 12 months. However, 63.7% males and 69.7% females of urban area had a fall within 12 months. Less than one third 28.1% of males and 55.9% females in rural area had got injured due to fall within 12 months. In our study most common problem that was associated both with males and females elderly in rural areas were musculoskeletal problems that was followed by Eye problems and that was followed by cardiovascular problems. Majority of 76.4% of males and 78.4% of females of rural areas had musculoskeletal problems and 58.1% of males and 71.1% of females in urban areas had musculoskeletal problems. Overall 65.7% of males and 75.4% of females had musculoskeletal problems. India's elaborate system of Rural health care would be failing if the common problems of elderly are not addressed given to the fact that the proportion of elderly population are increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is likelihood of development of premalignant changes in the cervix in the teenagers due to early sexual activity. This assumes importance under rural conditions in India where majority of marriage of girls are performed at young age below 20 years. Aim: The present cytological study was carried out in the three cohorts of rural girls- adolescents (16-20 years), young adult girls (21-25 years) and adult women (26-30 years) to see the effect of early increasing sexual exposure. Materials and Methods: The study cases were derived from the cervical cancer screening which is in progress in the rural population of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Of the 1185 study cases, 97 were adolescents, 338 young adult girls and remaining 750 were adult women. Results: The Atypical Squamous Cell Changes of Unknown Significance (ASCUS) were found higher in the adolescents than in young adult girls and adult women while Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of cervix (SIL) rate was almost equal in the three cohorts. Follow-up revealed progression of ASCUS to Low grade SIL (LSIL) almost equal in the three groups while the persistence of SIL was higher in the young adult girls and adult women. The gynaecological symptoms especially vaginal discharge was more common in the last two groups than in adolescents but the SIL rate was higher with all symptoms in the adolescents. The cervical lesions were more common in the young girls and adult women and SIL rate was higher with different cervical lesions. The majority of adolescents were nulliparous with high SIL rate while in the young adult girls and adult women, the SIL incidence showed rising trend with increasing parity. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of cytological screening of all the rural young girls and adult women specially who reveal cervical lesions or are symptomatic. This will yield large number of pre-cancerous cases, timely treatment of which will check the progression of SIL to malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]