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Development of drought-tolerant spring barley varieties is one of the important breeding directions for resistance to abiotic stress factors. In order to solve this problem successfully, it is necessary to use in hybridization the varieties and lines with the highest tolerance. The main purpose of the current study was to estimate the effect of osmotic stress of different concentrations on seed germination and to evaluate the relative drought tolerance of spring barley varieties and lines. The study was carried out in the laboratory for plant physiology in 2018–2020. The estimation of drought tolerance of spring barley samples was carried out on 26 varieties and lines, bred in the ARC “Donskoy”, in the initial period of development. The laboratory experiments on the ability of spring barley seeds to germinate on a sucrose solution (imitation of a lack of moisture in the soil) make it possible to estimate drought tolerance of samples at the early stages of their development. There was studied an effect of a sucrose solution with an osmotic pressure of 3, 8, 10, 12, 14 atmospheres on the ability of seed germination. When increasing a concentration of the solution, there was a seed germination decrease in all genotypes. As a result of the study, there were the largest statistically significant differences (P > 0.95) of the samples under the concentration of the osmotic sucrose solution of 8 atmospheres, in comparison with the options of 3, 10, 12 and 14 atmospheres. There have been obtained the data on the relative drought tolerance of spring barley varieties and lines. The maximum indicators of seed germination under osmotic pressure of 8 atmospheres were registered among the samples ‘Zernogradsky 1716’ (91.1 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1717’ (85.9 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1719’ (84, 1%), ‘12545/18’ (80.2 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1701’ (78.9 %), ‘12551/18’ (72.9%), ‘12487/18’ (72.4%), ‘Zernogradsky 1724’ (70.6 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1721’ (69.8 %), ‘12525/18’ (69.2 %) in comparison with the standard variety ‘Ratnik’ (43.6 %). The identified samples can be used for further study of drought tolerance in the field.

The current paper has presented the results of estimating pea varieties in the Competitive Variety Testing. The purpose of the study was to analyze pea lines at the final stage of the breeding process and to identify the promising ones according to economically valuable traits. The study of variety samples was carried out in laboratory for legumes breeding and primary seed production at the Falyonsky breeding station in 2018–2020. The objects of the study were 28 peas lines and varieties of various morphotypes. The estimation of samples, observations and accounting were carried out according to the methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing. The standard varieties were the varieties ‘Krasnoufimsky 93’, ‘Ryabchik’, ‘Falyonsky usatyi’, zoned in the Volga-Vyatka region. The vegetation periods of 2018–2020 contrastingly differed among themselves in moisture supply and temperature regime, the most favorable hydrothermal conditions were in 2019, the most unfavorable ones were in 2018 and 2020. As a result of the study, there have been identified the lines that exceeded the standard varieties in productivity of grain, green mass and dry matter. In the group of white-flowered grain crops, there was identified the line ‘E-483’ with 3.49 t/ha of mean grain productivity, 31.4 t/ha of green mass and 5.28 t/ha of hay. In the group of color-flowered grain crops, the maximum productivity of grain, green mass and dry matter was identified in the line ‘E-3588’ with 4.16, 34.9 and 7.73 t/ha, respectively. Among the leafless variety samples, the line ‘E-1250’ produced the highest grain yield with 3.71 t ha. There have been identified the lines with high indicators of yield structure elements. The maximum number of fertile nodes was identified in the line ‘E-3745’ (4.2 pcs.). The maximum number of kernels was identified in the lines ‘E-483’, ‘E-3542’, ‘E-3798’ (5.8 pcs.). The maximum number of kernels per plant was identified in the line ‘D-24746’ (25.9 pcs.). The maximum seed productivity was identified in the line ‘E-3845’ (4.4 g). The highest values of the number of productive nodes and kernels were obtained in the group of white-flowered leafy varieties. The largest number of kernels per plant was identified in the maple pea. Seed productivity and 1000-kernel weight were higher in the leafless variety samples. According to stem length and resistance to lodging, there has been identified the advantage of the leafless lines.

The current paper has presented a material on agroecological estimation of the new soybean lines developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. As a result of the competitive variety testing in 2017–2019, five soybean lines of the middle-early ripening group were selected with a vegetation period less than 120 days, exceeding the standard variety “Don 21” in seed productivity. The temperature and water conditions during the years of study were different, which allowed evaluating the lines in contrasting cultivation conditions. Statistical data processing was carried out by B. A. Dospekhov’s analysis of variance (2012). Agroecological estimation of the new soybean lines was carried out according to S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell’s method (1984) and according to V. V. Khangildin’s method (1984). Based on the conducted study, there were identified the lines “L-1016” and “L-1017”, which are characterized by stabile productivity, and the lines “L-1001”, “L-1012” and “L-1013” which are responsive to the improvement of the agricultural background. The identified soybean lines “L-1016” and “L-1017” will be used in future breeding as the sources of adaptability, and the lines “L-1001”, “L-1012” and “L1013” to develop varieties of intensive type. Comparing the time cost, the need for computer technology to carry out calculations according to the methods of agroecological estimation proposed by S. A. Eberhart / W. A. Russell and V. V. Khangildin, the first method is more labor-intensive. According to the first method, the indicators of agroecological estimation must be recalculated if the number of samples changes, since they affect the final result of the calculations, but the second method does not need it. It has been recommended when working with a large number of breeding material to use the method proposed by V. V. Khangildin to speed up math calculations in agroecological estimation.

A number of objective reasons for the modern agrarian complex show that it is necessary to orient the most part of the agricultural establishments to a wider introduction of environmentally adaptable varieties. Due to the relevance of this problem, the article analyzes the study results of the competitive variety trials (2016–2018) of 6 varieties, 2 of which are on the SVT, and 11 breeding lines of winter wheat of local selection according to the parameters of ecological adaptability in the agricultural zone of the Ryazan region. There were studied such indicators as stress tolerance, genetic flexibility, coefficient of variation, coefficient of adaptability, yield range, index of stability and indicator of PUSS. As a result of research, it was found that the yield of the standard variety “Angelina” was 7.59 t/ha. The varieties “Glafira”, “Okskaya Krasa” (8.25 and 8.31 t/ha, respectively) produced larger average productivity than the standard variety. The breeding lines “L 45/18”, “L 48/18”, “L 49/18”, “L 65/18”, “L 64/18”, “L 46/18”, “L 63/18” had an average productivity of 7.72 to 8.16 t/ha. It was established that the studied winter wheat varieties and lines had different stress resistance (–0.9...–3.1), a large variation in genetic flexibility (6.9–8.34), different stability index (3.4–19.0) and PUSS (39.6%–223.6%). It was found that only 10 (58.8%) varieties and lines out of 17 studied ones had an average adaptability factor higher than 1. The study has identified that the variety “Glafira” and the breeding lines “L 43/18”, “L 44/18”, “L 45/18” are the most adaptable and stable ones in the conditions of the Ryazan region.

In 2016-2018 in the competitive variety testing there was conducted the study of peas on the fields of research crop rotation of the laboratory of legumes breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” located in the zone of unstable humidity of the Rostov region (Zernograd district). The analysis of the obtained seeds was carried out in the laboratory of biochemical estimation of breeding material and grain quality of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The objects of research were new pea lines of breeding of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, which differed in their morphological, biological and economically valuable traits and properties. During the years of research, the meteorological conditions of the vegetation period of peas were contrasting, which made it possible to objectively estimate the lines in the climatic conditions. In the competitive variety testing for the period of 2016-2018, the evaluation of new promising pea lines due to their productivity and protein percentage resulted in identification the leafless pea lines “G-1002” and “G-1003” which exceeded the standard variety “Aksaisky Usaty 5” in productivity (0.30 and 0.39 t/ha) and protein yield (0.08 and 0.10 t/ha, respectively). There is a high correlation between seed productivity and protein content (0.95). There is a low correlation between protein percentage in seeds and protein yield (0.35). There is no correlation between productivity and protein percentage in seeds (0.03). The analysis of correlations shows that pea breeding on productivity directly affects on protein yield, i. e. the larger seed productivity, the larger protein percentage. The most productive pea lines are going to be used in further breeding work.

The article deals with the principles, methods and study results of the development of winter wheat varieties, tolerant to the widely spread and harmful diseases. The article gives the characteristics of phytosanitary risks dangerous for the gross yields of wheat. The main trends of the breeding-immunological researches in the institute, materials and methods which are used in wheat breeding for their immunity have been presented here. The results of the complex immunological assessment of winter wheat varieties tolerant to leaf rust are discussed in the article. The molecular screening showed that the winter wheat varieties, developed in the institute, possessed different types of tolerance genetically determined by the nature. It was established that the commercial varieties possessed poorly effective genes of tolerance Lr1, Lr10, Lr26, Lr34 and their various combinations or ‘pyramids’. The article presents the classification of the varieties according to the degree of their infection with leaf rust that is of great importance for the breeding and the conducting of genetic monitoring of disease resistance, to optimize phytosanitary state in the wheat agro phytocenosis. It has been determined that the most efficient method to create the varieties tolerant to head fusarium is a complex hybridization, intended on the pyramiding of the genes with specific and unspecific resistance. The important thing of the breeding work is to carry out multiple selections in the hybrid populations, starting with F2 under artificial infection. Using such methods the new variety ‘Urup’ has been obtained and approved for use in the production.

The article gives the analysis of 40-years selection activity of the academician I.G. Kalinenko in creation of the own initial material and the varieties of turgid and durum wheat which was new for the conditions of the Rostov region. The author gives characteristics of the initial material and the varieties on productivity, adaptability and other economic-valuable traits and properties in different period of I.G. Kalinenko work. His methods of work, initial material, a number of cycles of hybridization while creation of the varieties ‘Novinka’, ‘Novinka 2’, ‘Novinka 3’, ‘Novinka 4’, ‘Donskoy Yantar’ and other have been shown in the article. The author determines the principle role of step (gradual) hybridization to combine the desired traits and properties in the single genotype with the use of the varieties and intermediate forms of own selection, obtained in the creation of such varieties as ‘Aksinit’, ‘Kurant’, ‘Agat Donskoy’, ‘lazurit’, ‘Kristella’, ‘Oniks’. Their potential productivity is 8-10 t/ha, as the productivity of the best varieties of soft winter wheat, which the scientist, talented researcher, academician I.G. Kalinenko hoped to receive, starting breeding of durum winter wheat in 1961.

Winter wheat is the most important food crop, which occupies a significant share in the structure of the grain wedge of this country. The southern region of theRussian Federation, including theRostovregion, is the most favorable area for obtaining great harvests of winter wheat. Thus, the creation of stable highly productive varieties of winter soft wheat with resistance to stress factors of the environment is of primary concern. The research work was carried out at the experimental plots of the laboratory of breeding and seed-growing of winter soft wheat of intensive type ofFSBSIAgriculturalResearchCenter‘Donskoyʼ in 2016–2017. The winter soft wheat variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard variety. The article presents the study results of winter soft wheat lines in competitive variety testing based on the main economic-valuable traits. There have been chosen a number of lines-sources to use them in breeding programs to increase the values of individual parameters. The lines 1504/16 and 1942/16 (90.0 cm), 2049/16 (88.0 cm), 2057/16 (83.0 cm) were identified with the least values of the trait ‘plant height’. Practically all selection lines in the experiment had high resistance to lodging (from 4.0 to 5.0 points). According to the date of an earing (heading) phase the majority of the studied lines corresponded to the group of average-early varieties. The lines 1202/16, 1341/16, 1466/16, 1766/16, 1800/16, 1862/16 have been identified according to 1000-kernel weight (more than50 g). The lines 1533/16, 2141/16, 1850/16, 1852/16, 2148/16 have been found the most productive with a significant increase to the standard variety ‘Ermak’ (from 1.7 t/ha to 2.1 t/ha). These breeding lines are taken for further study and use in hybridization as an initial material.

The appraisement of adaptive ability of promising lines of soybean in the conditions of the Samara region In 2009-2014 in Samara RIA several promising lines and varieties of soybean were studied on grain productivity. the purpose of the research is to identify genotypes adapted to the conditions of Middle Povolzhie. The studied years differed in heat and moisture supply in the vegetation period of crops that allowed assessing the variety samples according to the parameters of adaptive ability. The adaptive ability has been valued according to well-known statistic parameters, calculated on grain productivity. The lines ‘05-117’, ‘05-137’, ‘S04124’, ‘12108’, ‘06-143’ and ‘LS4М’, developed by the Samara RIA and the Ershosky OSOZ, have been introduced into the trial. The varieties ‘Samer 1’, ‘Samer 2’ and ‘Samer 3’, included into the Register of Breeding Achievements were taken as standard ones. The conducted research determined a mixed reaction of the lines on agroclimatic conditions. During five years of testing the line ‘05-117’ produced the largest yields on average and exceeded the best standard variety ‘Samer 2’ on 6.0%. The assessment of the lines according to the maximum of grain productivity and its stable formation during the years and parameters of its adaptive ability gave the opportunity to find lines ‘05-137’, ‘12108’, ‘06-143’ and ‘05-117’ adapted to the conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the favourable climatic year the line ’05-117’ showed the best productivity of grain. Its testing in KFH IP “E.P. Tsirulev’ on the intensive background confirmed the responsiveness of the line on the factors of intensification (irrigation, fertilizing).

Yu.V. Zeleneva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior research associate; V.V. Plakhotnik, Candidate of Biological Sciences, head of the laboratory; V.P. Sudnikova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior research associate Middle-Russian Branch of FSBSI ‘Tambov RIA’ (392553, Tambov region, Tambov district, v. of Novaya Zhizn, Molodezhnaya Str., 1; tel.: 8(4752)62-90-60, e-mail: tmbsnifs@mail.ru) Identification of Lr-genes in the breeding lines of spring soft wheat, tolerant to the pathogen of brown rust in the Central Black earth region The research showed that the direct introduction of the donors of other regions into the breeding process do not always give a desired result because of the weak adaptive ability of the following generations. The development of highly efficient genetic sources and donors adapted to the regional conditions and possessing a complex of positive traits and properties (e.g. group and/or complex tolerance to stress factors of environment) is of special importance, in order not to damage the balance of associated genes among wheat varieties in the CNeR and to increase breeding results. The molecular markers have been applied to identify Lr-genes in 79 breeding lines of wheat, grown in the Middle-Russian branch of FSBSI ‘Tambov RIA’. The wheat lines combined tolerance to brown rust and other positive traits, e.g. resistance to stem pests, drought tolerance, high productivity, and technological quality of grain. The molecular analysis of the material identified single Lr-genes as well as the combination of several genes with different efficiency in one genotype. Among the studied material the Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr34 genes have been found. There were a lot of lines with the Lr19 gene in a combination with Lr10, Lr20 and Lr26 genes in one genotype.

The expansion of winter wheat sowing areas is one of the reserves to increase grain production in the Siberian region. The winter wheat varieties “Omskaya ozimaya”, “Omskaya 4” and “Omskaya 5”, developed in the Omsk Agricultural Research Center (ARC), have become popular here. The winter wheat varieties “Siberskaya Niva”, “Severnaya Zarya”, “Omskaya 6” and “Yubileynaya 180”, which were used to develop a new hybrid material, made a definite contribution to the development of winter wheat breeding. The new variety of the Omsk Agricultural Research Center (ARC) is characterized with high yields, winter tolerance and resistance to lodging. The grain of this variety meets the requirements applied to valuable wheat. In 2018 the variety “Priirtyshskaya” was introduced in the State List of Breeding Achievements in the East Siberian Region. The purpose of our research is to identify forms of winter soft wheat with high yields and grain quality, adapted to local conditions. The study was conducted in 2015-2017. The object of study were winter wheat samples from competitive varietal testing. In this breeding nursery, there have been identified the promising lines “KSI 34/17”, “KSI 35/17” and “KSI 38/17”. They are characterized with higher yields, exceeding the standard variety “Omskaya 4” on 0.86-1.12 t/ha. The advantages of these lines are high winter tolerance, resistance to lodging and high grain quality. Due to some indicators of grain quality, you can select the variety line “KSI 35/17”. The line has larger percentage of protein in kernels, good rheological properties of dough, bread volume and general baking estimation compared with the standard variety “Omskaya 4”. The lines “KSI 34/17”, “KSI 38/17” possess good technological and baking indicators of grain quality.

The studies were carried out in 2016–2018 in the competitive variety testing of peas on the crop rotation fields belonging to the laboratory of legume breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the part of the Rostov region with unstable humidity (Zernograd). During the years of research, the meteorological conditions of the pea vegetation were contrast that made it possible to objectively estimate the pea lines in the given weather and climate conditions. In the com­petitive variety testing, the 18 lines were studied according to economically valuable traits (seed productivity, productivity elements, adaptability to machine harvesting). As a result of the study, the 6 pea lines were identified: 2 lines of the mustache morphotype “G-1002”, “G-1003”; 4 leafy lines “G-1010”, “G-1011”, “G-1013” and “G-1015”. In the group of the mustache morphotype, 2 lines “G-1002” (on 0.30 t/ha), “G-1003” (on 0.39 t/ha) exceeded the grain productivity of the standard variety for 3 years of study on aver­age. The productivity increase was from 12.4 to 16.1%. In the group of variety samples of the leafy morphotype, the line “G-1010” (on 0.31 t/ha) significantly exceeded grain productivity of the standard variety. All the selected lines were tolerant to their seed-shedding. The line “G-1010” (48.8 pc per plant) showed the highest seed yield per plant. The lines “G-1003” (222.1 g), “G-1011” (209.5 g) and “G-1013” (207.8 g) had the largest fineness of grain. The line “G-1010” (8.85 g/plant) demonstrated the highest productivity per plant. However, having a low coefficient of resistance to lodging (0.35), this line has the greatest loss of seeds during harvesting. The iden­tified lines will be used in further breeding work according to a number of their economically valuable traits.

The estimation of productivity of the promising lines of soybean developed by the FSBSI “ARC ‘Donskoy” The article presents the material concerning the estimation of productivity of the promising lines of soybean developed by the FSBSI “ARC ‘Donskoy”. According to the competitive variety-testing in 2015-2017 there were selected five lines that surpassed the standard variety ‘Don 21’ in seed productivity. According to the vegetation period the lines ‘L-1015’, ‘L-1018’ and ‘L-1028’ belong to the group of early maturing species, the lines ‘L-1009’ and ‘L-1010’ belong to the group of middle-maturing group. The meteorological conditions during the years of study were characterized as the years of sufficient humidity in the first half of vegetation period and the dry years in the second half of it. The statistic processing of the data has been conducted by the Dospekhov’s method of dispersion analysis. There have been estimated such parameters (according to V.V. Khangildin) as homeostasis (Hom), stress tolerance, genetic flexibility, coefficient of variability, breeding value. According to the conducted researches, assessment of lines’ productivity and parameters of their adaptability, the middle-maturing line ‘L-1009’ and the middle-early line ‘L-1015’ are the most promising ones. They possess high indexes of productivity and high parameters of adaptability (stress tolerance, genetic flexibility, homeostasis and breeding value).