1. Initial human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection of the salivary gland epithelial cells requires a biofilm-like structure.
- Author
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Nakamura H, Shimizu T, Takatani A, Suematsu T, Nakamura T, and Kawakami A
- Subjects
- Aged, Apoptosis, Biopsy, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, Coculture Techniques, Epithelial Cells ultrastructure, Extracellular Matrix Proteins genetics, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Middle Aged, Salivary Glands cytology, Salivary Glands pathology, Sjogren's Syndrome, Biofilms, Epithelial Cells virology, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 physiology, Salivary Glands virology
- Abstract
The initial phase of the human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection of salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) was examined. SGECs of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and non-SS subjects were co-cultured with the HTLV-1-infected cell line HCT-5 or MOLT-4, then immunofluorescence (IF), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) were employed. The extracellular matrix and linker proteins galectin-3, agrin, and tetherin were expressed on the surfaces of both HCT-5 and MOLT-4 cells. HTLV-1 Gag-positive spots were observed on adjacent SGECs after 1 h of co-culture with HCT-5. Both in subjects with and those without SS, agrin and tetherin were co-expressed with HTLV-1 Gag on SGECs after co-culture with HCT-5, although no polarization of HTLV-1 Gag and relevant molecules was observed. SEM showed HTLV-1 virions that were found on HCT-5 were observed in the interfaces between HCT-5 cells and SGECs. TEM imaging showed that HTLV-1 virions were transmitted to SGECs at the interface with thin film-like structure, while HTLV-1 virions were released from the surface of HCT-5 cells. No endogenous retroviruses were observed. These results showed that the initial phase of HTLV-1 infection toward SGECs of SS was mediated not by viral synapses, but by biofilm-like components., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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