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Depression is the most prevalent psychological issue among cancer patients and can seriously affect patients' life and disease prognosis and even lead to suicide. Sarcopenia is a manifestation of cancer cachexia, a chronic progressive process. It is accompanied by a sustained decrease in skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function and likewise has various negative effects on the patient. This study aimed to evaluate sarcopenia and other factors that may affect depression in patients with lung cancer and to further analyze and discuss.A total of 104 eligible patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, using the Hamilton Depression Scale to assess depression, obtaining the psoas muscle index (PMI) by computed tomography (CT), and performing the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Clinical and personal characteristics were collected by electronic medical records.We evaluated a total of 104 hospitalized cancer patients in this analysis, with mean age = 57.8 ± 11.0 years, and 65.38% (68) were female. We found that up to 31.7% (33) of the participants had depression and 61.5% (64) of the participants had sarcopenia, and no statistical differences were found among depressed and non-depressed patients in relation to age, smoking, gender, performance status, and pathology. Patients with sarcopenia have more than four times the risk of suffering from depression than patients without sarcopenia (OR = 4.133, 95%CI = 1.390-12.287; p = 0.011). Similarly, the possibility of depression in patients with PD (progressive disease) as efficacy evaluation increased by 13.482 times (95%CI = 2.121-85.679, p = 0.006).In individuals with terminal lung cancer, depression and sarcopenia are prevalent. A strong association between the two is now thought to exist. Sarcopenia and efficacy evaluation are independent risk factors for depression. The correlation between sarcopenia and depression underscores the need for early intervention by our clinicians.