1. COVID-19 vaccination before or during pregnancy results in high, sustained maternal neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Delta/Omicron variants of concern, particularly following a booster dose or infection.
- Author
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Mahyuddin AP, Swa HLF, Weng R, Zhang J, Dhanaraj JP, Sesurajan BP, Rauff M, Dashraath P, Kanneganti A, Lee R, Wang LF, Young BE, Tambyah PA, Lye DC, Chai LYA, Yee S, Choolani M, and Mattar CNZ
- Subjects
- Humans, Pregnancy, Female, Adult, Prospective Studies, Cross Reactions immunology, Young Adult, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, Antibodies, Neutralizing blood, Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Immunization, Secondary, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious prevention & control, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious immunology, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious virology, Antibodies, Viral blood, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Vaccination
- Abstract
Objectives: To investigate multi-dose and timings of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing antenatal infection., Design: Prospective observational study investigating primary vaccinations, boosters, antenatal COVID-19 infections, neutralizing antibody (Nab) durability, and cross-reactivity to Delta and Omicron variants of concern (VOCs)., Results: Ninety-eight patients completed primary vaccination prepregnancy (29.6%) and antenatally (63.3%), 24.2% of whom had antenatal COVID-19, while 7.1% were unvaccinated (28.6% had antenatal COVID-19). None had severe COVID-19. Prepregnancy vaccination resulted in vaccination-to-infection delay of 23.3 weeks, which extended to 45.2 weeks with a booster, compared to 16.9 weeks following antenatal vaccination (P < 0.001). Infections occurred at 26.2 weeks gestation in women vaccinated prepregnancy compared to 36.2 weeks gestation in those vaccinated during pregnancy (P < 0.007). The risk of COVID-19 infection was higher without antenatal vaccination (hazard ratio [HR] 14.6, P = 0.05) and after prepregnancy vaccination without a booster (HR 10.4, P = 0.002). Antenatal vaccinations initially led to high Nab levels, with mild waning but subsequent rebound. Significant Nab enhancement occurred with a third-trimester booster. Maternal-neonatal Nab transfer was efficient (transfer ratio >1), and cross-reactivity to VOCs was observed., Conclusion: Completing vaccination during any trimester delays COVID-19 infection and maintains effective neutralizing activity throughout pregnancy, with robust cross-reactivity to VOCs and efficient maternal-neonatal transfer., Competing Interests: Declarations of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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