3 results on '"Meredith, Genevive R."'
Search Results
2. Booster vaccination protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections in young adults during an Omicron BA.1-predominant period: A retrospective cohort study.
- Author
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Wan, Jiayue, Cazer, Casey L., Clarkberg, Marin E., Henderson, Shane G., Lee, Scarlett E., Meredith, Genevive R., Osman, Marwan, Shmoys, David B., and Frazier, Peter I.
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 ,BOOSTER vaccines ,SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant ,YOUNG adults ,COVID-19 - Abstract
Background: While booster vaccinations clearly reduce the risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and death, the impact of boosters on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections has not been fully characterized: Doing so requires understanding their impact on asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic infections that often go unreported but nevertheless play an important role in spreading SARS-CoV-2. We sought to estimate the impact of COVID-19 booster doses on SARS-CoV-2 infections in a vaccinated population of young adults during an Omicron BA.1-predominant period. Methods and findings: We implemented a cohort study of young adults in a college environment (Cornell University's Ithaca campus) from a period when Omicron BA.1 was the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant on campus (December 5 to December 31, 2021). Participants included 15,800 university students who completed initial vaccination series with vaccines approved by the World Health Organization for emergency use, were enrolled in mandatory at-least-weekly surveillance polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, and had no positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test within 90 days before the start of the study period. Robust multivariable Poisson regression with the main outcome of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test was performed to compare those who completed their initial vaccination series and a booster dose to those without a booster dose. A total of 1,926 unique SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified in the study population. Controlling for sex, student group membership, date of completion of initial vaccination series, initial vaccine type, and temporal effect during the study period, our analysis estimates that receiving a booster dose further reduces the rate of having a PCR-detected SARS-CoV-2 infection relative to an initial vaccination series by 56% (95% confidence interval [42%, 67%], P < 0.001). While most individuals had recent booster administration before or during the study period (a limitation of our study), this result is robust to the assumed delay over which a booster dose becomes effective (varied from 1 day to 14 days). The mandatory active surveillance approach used in this study, under which 86% of the person-days in the study occurred, reduces the likelihood of outcome misclassification. Key limitations of our methodology are that we did not have an a priori protocol or statistical analysis plan because the analysis was initially done for institutional research purposes, and some analysis choices were made after observing the data. Conclusions: We observed that boosters are effective, relative to completion of initial vaccination series, in further reducing the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a college student population during a period when Omicron BA.1 was predominant; booster vaccinations for this age group may play an important role in reducing incidence of COVID-19. Jiayue Wan and colleagues estimate the impact of COVID-19 booster doses on SARS-CoV-2 infection in a vaccinated population of young adults during an Omicron BA.1-predominant period. Author summary: Why was this study done?: In late 2021, government and health organizations were developing recommendations for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) booster vaccination for at-risk groups and the general public. University students are a generally healthy population, but high rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections occur on college campuses. Understanding whether booster vaccination reduces SARS-CoV-2 infections, specifically the Omicron variant, among university students will help universities and others decide whether to recommend or require booster vaccination in this population to prevent spread of disease to the local community and disruptions to the school year. What did the researchers do and find?: We collected data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccination status of over 15,000 students enrolled in mandatory testing at one university. We created a statistical model to compare SARS-CoV-2 infection rates among university students who had received a booster vaccination prior to an Omicron variant outbreak and students who had completed an initial vaccination series but did not receive a booster vaccination. The statistical model accounted for differences in infection risk due to participation in social organizations and athletic teams, sex, time during the study period, and initial vaccination date. Students who received a booster were approximately half as likely to get infected as students who had completed their initial vaccination series but not received a booster. What do these findings mean?: Booster vaccination may be a useful tool to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infections on university campuses. Our analysis was initially performed as part of an institutional response and thus did not have an a priori protocol or statistical analysis plan, which should be considered in interpreting our results. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings in the context of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and for new booster formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Case–control study to identify risk factors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among university students in the northeastern USA.
- Author
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Cummings, Kevin J., Clarkberg, Marin, Busche, Jefferson, Travis, Alexander J., Meredith, Genevive R., Weisfuse, Isaac, Cazer, Casey L., Koretzky, Gary A., and Warnick, Lorin D.
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COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COLLEGE students ,CASE-control method ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Curbing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic requires a thorough understanding of risk factors for transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2, the etiologic agent. Institutions of higher education present unique challenges for controlling disease spread because of features inherent to these settings. Our objective was to determine risk factors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among a university student population in the northeastern USA during the spring and fall 2021 semesters, using the case–control study design. Cases were defined as students with a newly diagnosed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection detected either through the robust PCR‐based surveillance testing program on campus or through healthcare testing if symptoms compatible with COVID‐19 were present. Controls were defined as students with negative SARS‐CoV‐2 status, based on consistently negative PCR results at the time of selection. A comprehensive questionnaire was administered to each student enrolled in the study, covering a broad range of campus life activities. A total of 446 cases and 1,185 controls were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that recent party attendance (adjusted OR = 2.3, p <.0001), recently visiting a bar (aOR = 1.6, p =.007), living in a campus residence hall (aOR = 1.6, p =.001), fraternity/sorority membership (aOR = 1.8, p =.002), and recent travel (aOR = 1.3, p =.04) were associated with being a COVID‐19 case. Having an on‐campus job was negatively associated with being a COVID‐19 case (aOR = 0.6, p =.0003). Among cases, the most commonly reported symptoms were cough (43.9%), fatigue (38.1%) and sore throat (30.3%). These findings can be used to inform the development of COVID‐19 mitigation strategies and public health outreach efforts in university settings, thus reducing SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission among students and helping to preserve the vital education and research missions of these institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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