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4 results on '"Tabata, Kaori"'

1. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron EG.5.1 variant.

Author

Tsujino S, Deguchi S, Nomai T, Padilla-Blanco M, Plianchaisuk A, Wang L, Begum MM, Uriu K, Mizuma K, Nao N, Kojima I, Tsubo T, Li J, Matsumura Y, Nagao M, Oda Y, Tsuda M, Anraku Y, Kita S, Yajima H, Sasaki-Tabata K, Guo Z, Hinay AA Jr, Yoshimatsu K, Yamamoto Y, Nagamoto T, Asakura H, Nagashima M, Sadamasu K, Yoshimura K, Nasser H, Jonathan M, Putri O, Kim Y, Chen L, Suzuki R, Tamura T, Maenaka K, Irie T, Matsuno K, Tanaka S, Ito J, Ikeda T, Takayama K, Zahradnik J, Hashiguchi T, Fukuhara T, and Sato K

Subjects
Humans, Animals, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Chlorocebus aethiops, Vero Cells, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Mice, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Phylogeny, COVID-19 virology, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus genetics, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus chemistry
Abstract

In middle to late 2023, a sublineage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron XBB, EG.5.1 (a progeny of XBB.1.9.2), is spreading rapidly around the world. We performed multiscale investigations, including phylogenetic analysis, epidemic dynamics modeling, infection experiments using pseudoviruses, clinical isolates, and recombinant viruses in cell cultures and experimental animals, and the use of human sera and antiviral compounds, to reveal the virological features of the newly emerging EG.5.1 variant. Our phylogenetic analysis and epidemic dynamics modeling suggested that two hallmark substitutions of EG.5.1, S:F456L and ORF9b:I5T are critical to its increased viral fitness. Experimental investigations on the growth kinetics, sensitivity to clinically available antivirals, fusogenicity, and pathogenicity of EG.5.1 suggested that the virological features of EG.5.1 are comparable to those of XBB.1.5. However, cryo-electron microscopy revealed structural differences between the spike proteins of EG.5.1 and XBB.1.5. We further assessed the impact of ORF9b:I5T on viral features, but it was almost negligible in our experimental setup. Our multiscale investigations provide knowledge for understanding the evolutionary traits of newly emerging pathogenic viruses, including EG.5.1, in the human population., (© 2024 The Author(s). Microbiology and Immunology published by The Societies and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Published
2024
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2. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 variant.

Author

Saito A, Tamura T, Zahradnik J, Deguchi S, Tabata K, Anraku Y, Kimura I, Ito J, Yamasoba D, Nasser H, Toyoda M, Nagata K, Uriu K, Kosugi Y, Fujita S, Shofa M, Monira Begum M, Shimizu R, Oda Y, Suzuki R, Ito H, Nao N, Wang L, Tsuda M, Yoshimatsu K, Kuramochi J, Kita S, Sasaki-Tabata K, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K, Yamamoto Y, Nagamoto T, Asakura H, Nagashima M, Sadamasu K, Yoshimura K, Ueno T, Schreiber G, Takaori-Kondo A, Shirakawa K, Sawa H, Irie T, Hashiguchi T, Takayama K, Matsuno K, Tanaka S, Ikeda T, Fukuhara T, and Sato K

Subjects
Humans, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus genetics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 variant emerged in May 2022. BA.2.75 is a BA.2 descendant but is phylogenetically distinct from BA.5, the currently predominant BA.2 descendant. Here, we show that BA.2.75 has a greater effective reproduction number and different immunogenicity profile than BA.5. We determined the sensitivity of BA.2.75 to vaccinee and convalescent sera as well as a panel of clinically available antiviral drugs and antibodies. Antiviral drugs largely retained potency, but antibody sensitivity varied depending on several key BA.2.75-specific substitutions. The BA.2.75 spike exhibited a profoundly higher affinity for its human receptor, ACE2. Additionally, the fusogenicity, growth efficiency in human alveolar epithelial cells, and intrinsic pathogenicity in hamsters of BA.2.75 were greater than those of BA.2. Our multilevel investigations suggest that BA.2.75 acquired virological properties independent of BA.5, and the potential risk of BA.2.75 to global health is greater than that of BA.5., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests Y.Y. and T.N. are founders and shareholders of HiLung, Inc. Y.Y. is a co-inventor of patents (PCT/JP2016/057254; “method for inducing differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells,” PCT/JP2016/059786, “method of producing airway epithelial cells”)., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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3. Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants leading to the emergence of BQ.1.1 variant

Author

Ito, Jumpei, Suzuki, Rigel, Uriu, Keiya, Itakura, Yukari, Zahradnik, Jiri, Kimura, Kanako Terakado, Deguchi, Sayaka, Wang, Lei, Lytras, Spyros, Tamura, Tomokazu, Kida, Izumi, Nasser, Hesham, Shofa, Maya, Begum, Mst Monira, Tsuda, Masumi, Oda, Yoshitaka, Suzuki, Tateki, Sasaki, Jiei, Sasaki-Tabata, Kaori, Fujita, Shigeru, Yoshimatsu, Kumiko, Ito, Hayato, Nao, Naganori, Asakura, Hiroyuki, Nagashima, Mami, Sadamasu, Kenji, Yoshimura, Kazuhisa, Yamamoto, Yuki, Nagamoto, Tetsuharu, Kuramochi, Jin, Schreiber, Gideon, The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) Consortium, Saito, Akatsuki, Matsuno, Keita, Takayama, Kazuo, Hashiguchi, Takao, Tanaka, Shinya, Fukuhara, Takasuke, Ikeda, Terumasa, and Sato, Kei

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Virus–host interactions
Abstract

In late 2022, various Omicron subvariants emerged and cocirculated worldwide. These variants convergently acquired amino acid substitutions at critical residues in the spike protein, including residues R346, K444, L452, N460, and F486. Here, we characterize the convergent evolution of Omicron subvariants and the properties of one recent lineage of concern, BQ.1.1. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that these five substitutions are recurrently acquired, particularly in younger Omicron lineages. Epidemic dynamics modelling suggests that the five substitutions increase viral fitness, and a large proportion of the fitness variation within Omicron lineages can be explained by these substitutions. Compared to BA.5, BQ.1.1 evades breakthrough BA.2 and BA.5 infection sera more efficiently, as demonstrated by neutralization assays. The pathogenicity of BQ.1.1 in hamsters is lower than that of BA.5. Our multiscale investigations illuminate the evolutionary rules governing the convergent evolution for known Omicron lineages as of 2022., SARS-CoV-2オミクロン株の進化パターンの一端を解明 --スパイクタンパク質の収斂進化が適応度の高い変異株の出現に繋がる--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-05-15.

Published
2023

4. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB variant derived from recombination of two Omicron subvariants

Author

Tamura, Tomokazu, Ito, Jumpei, Uriu, Keiya, Zahradnik, Jiri, Kida, Izumi, Anraku, Yuki, Nasser, Hesham, Shofa, Maya, Oda, Yoshitaka, Lytras, Spyros, Nao, Naganori, Itakura, Yukari, Deguchi, Sayaka, Suzuki, Rigel, Wang, Lei, Begum, MST Monira, Kita, Shunsuke, Yajima, Hisano, Sasaki, Jiei, Sasaki-Tabata, Kaori, Shimizu, Ryo, Tsuda, Masumi, Kosugi, Yusuke, Fujita, Shigeru, Pan, Lin, Sauter, Daniel, Yoshimatsu, Kumiko, Suzuki, Saori, Asakura, Hiroyuki, Nagashima, Mami, Sadamasu, Kenji, Yoshimura, Kazuhisa, Yamamoto, Yuki, Nagamoto, Tetsuharu, Schreiber, Gideon, Maenaka, Katsumi, The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan), Hashiguchi, Takao, Ikeda, Terumasa, Fukuhara, Takasuke, Saito, Akatsuki, Tanaka, Shinya, Matsuno, Keita, Takayama, Kazuo, and Sato, Kei

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Virus–host interactions, Viral evolution
Abstract

In late 2022, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have become highly diversified, and XBB is spreading rapidly around the world. Our phylogenetic analyses suggested that XBB emerged through the recombination of two cocirculating BA.2 lineages, BJ.1 and BM.1.1.1 (a progeny of BA.2.75), during the summer of 2022. XBB.1 is the variant most profoundly resistant to BA.2/5 breakthrough infection sera to date and is more fusogenic than BA.2.75. The recombination breakpoint is located in the receptor-binding domain of spike, and each region of the recombinant spike confers immune evasion and increases fusogenicity. We further provide the structural basis for the interaction between XBB.1 spike and human ACE2. Finally, the intrinsic pathogenicity of XBB.1 in male hamsters is comparable to or even lower than that of BA.2.75. Our multiscale investigation provides evidence suggesting that XBB is the first observed SARS-CoV-2 variant to increase its fitness through recombination rather than substitutions., オミクロンXBB株の進化経路とウイルス学的特性の解明 --遺伝子組換えによる更なる免疫逃避能力の獲得--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-05-22.

Published
2023

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