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Purpose: To explore the subjective interpersonal interaction experiences of patients with chronic schizophrenia., Design and Methods: Descriptive phenomenological, purposive sampling, in-depth one-to-one, and unstructured interviews were used. Colaizzi's method was used to analyze narratives., Findings: Three themes and six subthemes were emerged: Feelings associated with interpersonal interactions (pleasant and unpleasant feelings experienced during interpersonal interactions); interpersonal interaction is a dynamic process (Positive and negative dynamic processes); selection of interaction targets (limitations in the selection of interaction targets and selection criteria for interaction targets)., Practice Implications: Professionals should understand the interpersonal interactions experiences of patients with schizophrenia to help them have a better interpersonal relationship., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

This study aimed to explore the self-stigma of schizophrenia patients. Qualitative phenomenological approach, purposive sampling and unstructured one-on-one interviews were used. Narratives were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Data saturation was reached after 15 had been interviewed. Three themes and six sub-themes were revealed: the origin of the self-stigma (experience of self-stigma from the outside and the inside), the suffering experience of self-stigma (alienation from others and negative inner feelings), and coping with the self-stigma (acceptance and change of mind). The study supports the importance to increase awareness of self-stigma and suggests effective measures to help patients deal with this challenge., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Investigating factors that can predict medication adherence and quality of life, as well as the influence of adherence to medication on the quality of life among patients with schizophrenia., Design and Methods: This study applies descriptive cross-sectional design. Participants were determined from outpatient clinic in a psychiatric hospital in Indonesia. Several questionnaires were used, including self-report, Glasgow Antipsychotics Side-effect Scale, drug attitude inventory and SQOL-18., Findings: Side-effect factor (p < .05) could influence medication adherence. Residential area (p < .05) could significantly influence quality of life. There was also a correlation between medication adherence and quality of life (p < .05)., Practice Implications: Findings suggest to put more emphasis on assessing medication side effects., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Purpose: The aim of the article is to explore the chronic sorrow experiences of the caregivers of clients with schizophrenia in Taiwan., Design and Methods: Descriptive, phenomenological, and purposive sampling and one-to-one, in-depth, and unstructured interviews were used. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 12 participants. Narratives were analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method., Findings: Three themes and eight subthemes emerged, including encountering sorrow (disordered life, disintegrated self-esteem, little prospect for hope, and collapsed sense of security), talking with sorrow (cognitive change and transformation of action), and living with sorrow (living with defects and living with responsibilities)., Practice Implications: Advanced practice psychiatric nurses should take the emotional stability of caregivers into consideration. Caregivers should be encouraged and taught effective culture-oriented strategies for living with sorrow., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Aims and Objectives: To explore suicide predictors in rural outpatients with schizophrenia. Background.  Suicide is a major cause of mortality in patients with schizophrenia. Evidence indicates that patients in rural areas are at high risk for inadequate health care services. However, information is limited on suicide risk in outpatients with schizophrenia in rural areas., Design: Cross-sectional survey., Methods: Data were collected on individuals enrolled in the 2007 Taiwan National Health Insurance program as diagnosed with schizophrenia, ≥ 18 years, and living in a rural county. Eligible individuals (n=1655) were assessed by 12 community-based nurses at 12 public health centres. Participants' personal information was retrieved from National Health Insurance records using a personal data sheet, and treatment experiences were obtained by interviewing patients with a 10-item risk-assessment inventory. Data were collected over 18 months (2007-2008) and analysed by descriptive statistics and regression analyses., Results: Risk of suicide attempt in the previous year had four significant predictors: number of self-harm incidents during the previous year, violent incidents towards others during the previous year, number of follow-ups by mental health clinics and number of involuntary hospitalisations during the previous year (R(2) = 0.337, adjusted R(2) = 0.334, F=133.19, p=0.000)., Conclusion: Health care providers should assess rural outpatients with schizophrenia for suicidal thoughts by asking simple questions to evaluate for a history of self-harm and violence and by comparing this information with health system data on follow-ups by mental health clinics and involuntary hospitalisations., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Community-based health providers may use these results to prioritise assessments when they have a high case load of patients with schizophrenia. Community-based nurses need to be trained to recognise these four predictors to increase their sensitivity to suicidality among patients with schizophrenia., (© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)

Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to understand the nursing roles and functions of public health nurses and home health nurses in Taiwan and the factors that affect nursing roles and functions of nurses that provide community mental health home visiting services., Background: Although community nurses provide more psychiatric home visiting services than other psychiatric professionals, little research on their roles and functions has been conducted., Design: Nursing roles and functions were developed through use of grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin., Methods: Data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face in-depth interviews and unstructured non-participant observations. The constant comparative analysis continued during the open, axial and selective coding process until data saturation occurred. Participants were selected using theoretical sampling. Final sample size in this study comprised a total of 29 community nurses (18 public health nurses and 11 home health nurses) who provided community mental health home visiting. Public health nurses conducted a total of 16 (eight carers and eight clients) services and home health nurses conducted 16 (eight carers and eight clients) services., Results: Fourteen nursing roles were identified. These roles included assessor, supporter, educator, consultant, counselor, negotiator, harmoniser, collaborator, advocate, placement coordinator, resource provider, care provider, case manager and case finder. Moreover, several factors that affect nursing roles and functions in the community mental health home visiting service in Taiwan were also identified., Conclusion: This is the first study to identify the role of public health and home health nurses caring for people with schizophrenia in the community in Taiwan., Relevance to Clinical Practice: The recommendations based on the findings of this research can be used as a guide to improve the delivery of psychiatric home visiting services to community-dwelling clients with schizophrenia and their carers.

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to understand the coping experiences of carers living with a schizophrenic family member. Our research may be a valuable reference for mental health professionals seeking to improve the quality of care for people with schizophrenia and their carers., Design: We employed a qualitative descriptive phenomenological research methodology to understand the coping experiences of carers living with a schizophrenic family member., Methods: Purposive sampling and in-depth, face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. When data saturation was reached, the sample size comprised 10 carers (five men and five women). The interview focused on the carer's coping experience. During the process of data collection and data analyis we established epoches (bracketing) and returned to the reality of the carers' experience to keep the data objective. Narratives were analysed according to Colaizzi's seven steps method., Results: The two most commonly used coping mechanisms that emerged from this study were psychological coping strategies (cognitive, behavioural and emotional) and social coping strategies (religious, social and professional support). Furthermore, three factors were found in the study, including low social status, traditional help-seeking behaviours and feelings of shame., Conclusion: Findings from this study demonstrate the importance of understanding the coping experiences of carers who have a family member with schizophrenia. Further research is needed to identify more important detailed factors that affect the coping strategies of carers. Relevance to clinical practice. Community mental health care professionals need to improve the quality of care for helping carers living with a family member who has schizophrenia. It is important to develop effective coping intervention strategies that help carers cope with the stress and strain of caring for a family member with schizophrenia.

Aim and Objectives: The aim was to develop a practice theory that can be used to guide the direction of community nursing practice to help clients with schizophrenia and those who care for them., Design: Substantive grounded theory was developed through use of grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin., Methods: Two groups of participants in Taiwan were selected using theoretical sampling: one group consisted of community mental health nurses and the other group was clients with schizophrenia and those who cared for them. The number of participants in each group was determined by theoretical saturation. Semi-structured one-to-one in-depth interviews and unstructured non-participant observation were utilized for data collection. Data analysis involved three stages: open, axial and selective coding. During the process of coding and analysis, both inductive and deductive thinking were utilized and the constant comparative analysis process continued until data saturation occurred. To establish trustworthiness, the four criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability were followed along with field trial, audit trial, member check and peer debriefing for reliability and validity., Results: A substantive grounded theory, the role of community mental health nurses caring for people with schizophrenia in Taiwan, was developed through utilization of grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin., Conclusion: In this paper, results and discussion focus on causal conditions, context, intervening conditions, consequences and phenomenon., Relevance to Clinical Practice: The theory is the first to contribute knowledge about the field of mental health home visiting services in Taiwan to provide guidance for the delivery of quality care to assist people in the community with schizophrenia and their carers.

Purpose: To explore the efficacy of community rehabilitation for facilitating daily function among patients with mental illness. Design and Methods: A quasi‐experimental design was used. Two hundred and sixty‐four participants completed a daily living function scale questionnaire and provided disease‐related information. Findings: Community rehabilitation was shown to be efficient in helping to stabilize mental illness and enhance daily function. Daily function had a significant and positive correlation with disease stability. Practice Implications: Community rehabilitation for patients with mental illness can effectively stabilize and prevent disability among those with mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE. To evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the Meaning in Caregiving Scale (MICS) by confirmatory factor analysis and to explore whether the MICS meets the goodness-of-fit criteria for the 3-factor model. DESIGN AND METHODS. Four hundred and eighty subjects in Taiwan were recruited. The hypothesized confirmatory factor analysis model specifies the items to measure the reordering priority, relationship fidelity, and transcendent belief as indicators of latent factors. FINDINGS. The data show that the hypothesized 3-factor model does not fit the data well and indicate that the 3 factors might share a high-order common factor. Cross-cultural issues may account for this shortcoming. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. This scale offers better understanding around caregivers for psychiatric patients and the issues they face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]