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This study investigated how sixth graders' credibility evaluation self-efficacy was associated with their ability to evaluate the credibility of online texts. Students (N = 265, Mage = 12.45) worked in a web-based environment, where they read and evaluated two more credible texts and two less credible texts that required confirming and questioning the texts' credibility, respectively. Students were asked to evaluate the author's expertise, the author's benevolence, and the quality of evidence in each text. They were also asked to assess their credibility evaluation self-efficacy during the task. The structural equation model indicated that students' self-efficacy was positively associated with their ability to confirm the more credible texts but not with their ability to question the less credible texts. The instructional implications of this study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Creativity is an important ability for problem‐solving in both personal life and academic learning. Few creativity studies have investigated the development of children's creativity in disadvantaged rural areas or compared the rural–urban differences through digital game‐based creativity learning. Understanding such differences can help provide resources for promoting learning equality in creativity. Aims: This study aimed to compare the rural–urban difference in elementary school children's creativity performance and their learning effect through digital game‐based creativity learning. Sample: Participants were 261 3rd and 4th graders and 194 5th and 6th graders from 6 elementary schools. Method: Two digital game‐based creativity learning systems were employed to conduct a five‐class experimental instruction. A creativity test and a questionnaire were also used. Results and Conclusions: The results indicate that the urban middle graders, but not the upper graders, outperformed their rural counterparts in the creativity test before game‐based learning. Nevertheless, all children got a higher score on the creativity test after the game‐based learning, suggesting the employed creativity learning systems could be vehicles for improving elementary school children's creativity. However, the rural children gained less from the learning than the urban children, which may be due to weaker competencies in self‐regulated learning. Further studies can employ an inventory to verify this and also consider providing more scaffolding of self‐regulated learning to more disadvantaged students during digital game‐based creativity learning. Additionally, the results of this study reflect the importance of self‐determination and rewards in learning motivation. Appropriate rewards may encourage persistence in taking on challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Determine the relationship between family environment and resilience in Peruvian primary school students. Materials and methods: The research had a quantitative approach, a non-experimental design, and was descriptive-correlational-transectional. The sample consisted of 142 students from the fifth and sixth grades of primary education to whom the Family Environment Scale and the Inventory of Personal Resilience Factors were applied, instruments with adequate levels of reliability and validity. Subsequently, the responses were systematized using the SPSS® version 22 program. Results: 31.7% of the students were characterized by perceiving that the family environment where they operate is adequate and 42.3% have moderately developed their resilience. On the other hand, it was found that there is a direct statistically significant relationship between both study variables (rho= 0.589; p<0.05). Conclusions: It is necessary to manage the presence of specialists to develop workshops and talks where they promote reflection in parents about the importance of maintaining a favorable family dynamic, where interrelationships are based on respect, responsibility, solidarity, and empathy. On the other hand, teachers, and psychologists, through mentoring and accompaniment work, will be able to develop psycho-educational strategies to improve the resilience of students, which will be beneficial, not only academically, but also in a personal, family, social, and in the future, at the labor level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: We examined whether diverse profiles of strengths and weaknesses would emerge when assessing different aspects of morphological awareness in first- through sixth-grade students using a recently developed standardized test, the Morphological Awareness Test for Reading and Spelling (MATRS; Apel et al., 2021). Method: Four thousand fifty-nine first- through sixth-grade students completed the eight morphological awareness tasks of the MATRS. The eight tasks represent the multiple ways that morphological awareness impacts both spoken and written language skills for the English language. Exploratory finite mixture models estimated the number of latent subgroups that best reflected heterogeneity in task-level performance by grade level. Specific profiles were chosen that demonstrated strong reliability and included a set of tasks that were consistent between first- and second-grade students and between third- and sixthgrade students. Results: Different performance profiles emerged when the students completed multiple morphological awareness tasks. At each of the six grades (first through sixth), clusters of students performed differentially on specific tasks. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that students can differ in patterns of strength and weaknesses of their morphological awareness given a range of tasks that assess different aspects of morphological awareness. The clinical implications of these findings suggest that by identifying students struggling in specific areas of morphological awareness, clinicians can develop and implement specific prescriptive instructional plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive appraisal styles (i.e., threat vs. challenge) and feedback types on feedback acceptance and motivation for challenge. We used four feedback types based on valence (positive vs. negative) and orientation (person vs. task). Sixth-graders completed the cognitive appraisal style questionnaire and wrote an essay on their use of smartphones. One week after the writing, they received feedback, and their feedback acceptance and motivation for challenge were measured. Effective feedback types varied depending on students' appraisal styles. The challenge style demonstrated the highest feedback acceptance for positive task-oriented feedback. Negative task-oriented feedback was the most effective for the threat style. The challenge style showed higher motivation for challenge when receiving positive task-oriented and negative person-oriented feedbacks, whereas the threat style did not. Educators should be encouraged to provide personalized feedback based on students' cognitive appraisal styles to maximize feedback effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Páginas de la Educación is the property of Universidad Catolica del Uruguay Damaso Antonio Larranaga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Teaching students to self-regulate enhances their mathematics performance, yet few studies have investigated the long-term differential impact of particular self-regulation strategies specifically for lowachieving students. This quasi-experimental study evaluates the effect of teaching different selfregulation strategies on mathematical problem solving in low-achieving students. The participants were 69 sixth-grade elementary school students randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups (and taught predominantly cognitive, metacognitive or volitional strategies, while verifying intervention fidelity) or a control group for 16 sessions. Mathematical problem-solving skills were evaluated prior to the intervention, upon completion, and two months later. While all three intervention groups obtained significantly better results compared to the control group immediately after the intervention, volitional and metacognitive strategies showed the strongest and most lasting positive effects. We conclude that low-achieving students could benefit from learning self-regulation strategies, particularly when these strategies take into account the affective and motivational dynamics of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the relative incidence of visual-motor processes compared to other cognitive processes involved in spelling, to understand its relevance in orthography acquisition in school-aged children when contextual variables are controlled for and there has been explicit instruction. A sample of 96 students between third and sixth grade of primary education was divided into two groups according to their spelling performance (low and high performance). They were all assessed in rapid naming, vocabulary, visual and auditory working memory, visual-motor integration and intelligence. Results show that visual-motor integration and auditory working memory differentiate the low and high performance groups, being the variables that best predict spelling. The relationship between auditory working memory and visual-motor integration appears to establish when the word is being incorporated into the child's lexicon. These results have important educational implications referred to teaching spelling through handwriting when its use is being debated against the use of digital technologies for writing acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socioscientific issues (SSI) related teaching may positively influence students' scientific epistemological beliefs (SEB). However, research is limited about elementary school students and the methods of web search. This study aimed to investigate Taiwanese sixth-graders' SEB and the impact of different web searches' information positions (positive, negative, conflicting) for the SSI on their SEB. Two SSIs (smartphone use by elementary school students and continued construction of the nuclear power plant) were designed and placed in the closed-end search platform with three information positions. This study investigated the participants' overall and four dimensions (source, justification, certainty, and development) of SEB before and after web searches. Results showed that their initial SEB tended slightly toward constructivism, but there is a need for improvement in the source and certainty dimensions. Regardless of the information position groups, the SSI-focused web searches moved the tendency of source dimension and overall SEB more toward constructivism. The web search of the conflicting group enhanced most dimensions of SEB, while the negative group had a larger effect size of overall scores and dimensions of source and justification. Accordingly, this study provides suggestions on applying different information positions of SSI-focused web searches to improve students' SEB in different dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Apuntes Universitarios: Revista de Investigación is the property of Universidad Peruana Union Filiar Tarapoto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to identify and relate the students' social skills, behavioral problems and academic performance in their transition to the 6th grade and compare them with 7th grade students of Elementary School. The data were collected through the Social Skills Rating System. The main results showed the 7th graders had better social skills than the 6th graders. Parents and teachers showed similar correlations: the more commitment to tasks and emotional control they had, the lower incidence of behavioral problems was shown. A negative correlation showed that the more behavioral problems the 6th graders had, the lower their academic performance was. The outcomes showed difficult situations implying a more vulnerable adaptation and thereby, involving failures and fewer relations. It was concluded that as students grow they perceive themselves better supported by their family and teachers and so they develop their social skills and create chances to improve their relations and so advance in their academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores and interprets the cultural activities of native and immigrant primary school students in relation to their parents’ ‘institutionalised’ cultural capital. The research used a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with sixth grade primary school students from a Greek city which had a high proportion of immigrants due to its geographical location and the activity of its port. The research results showed that the students’ cultural activities were correlated with the ‘institutionalised’ cultural capital of their parents. More specifically, native students whose parents possessed a high level of ‘institutionalised’ cultural capital were involved in cultural activities which defined the ‘cultivated’ person. This was in contrast to native students whose parents possessed low and middle levels of education. This specific group of students shared similar cultural practices to students who were of immigrant origin and whose parents possessed similar educational characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The concept of an American Dream was interrogated during a service-learning partnership between university students and a multilingual, racially diverse class of sixth graders. The one-on-one service-learning partnerships were at the heart of the semester-long project and sought horizontalidad, or non-authoritarian democratic communication and shared knowledge creation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach - This project leveraged the arts and humanities within the context of social studies education to promote youth civic engagement. This project used Photovoice methodology in which all participants took photos and wrote about their American Dream. Participants then shared their photography and writing at three public gallery events in the community in an effort to educate others about their perspectives, experiences, and hopes regarding the American Dream. Findings - Findings from the reciprocally minded partnership centered on the sixth-grade students taking a collective approach to the American Dream. Specifically, they noted their commitment to their families and desire to support others, with some sixth graders even sharing a commitment to promoting social justice. Some participants demonstrated a "we consciousness," or a collective approach to social justice. Originality/value - The study provides insights into how educators can engage middle school students in democratic practice as active citizens in a service-learning partnership. Through a service-learning themed project about the American Dream, middle school students were able to share their voices and experiences with the larger community via a project rooted in horizontalidad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to investigate high achievers’ erroneous answers and misconceptions on the angle concept. The participants consisted of 233 grade 6 students drawn from eight classes in two well-established elementary schools of Trabzon, Turkey. All the participants were considered to be current achievers in mathematics, graded 4 or 5 out of 5, and selected via a purposive sampling method. Data were collected through six questions reflecting the learning competencies set out in the grade 6 curriculum in Turkey and the findings of previous studies that aimed to identify students’ misconceptions of the angle concept. This questionnaire was then applied over a 40-minute period in each class. The findings were analysed by two researchers whose inter-rater agreement was computed as 0.97, or almost perfect. Thereafter, coding discrepancies were resolved, and consensus was established. We found that although the participants in this study were high achievers, they still held several misconceptions on the angle concept such as recognizing a straight angle or a right angle in different orientations. We also show how some of these misconceptions could have arisen due to the definitions or representations used in the textbook, and offer suggestions concerning their content in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers information on the "Designing an Earthquake-Resistant Building" problem activity provided to several sixth-grade students in the U.S. under a three-year STEM education program. It mentions that the activity requires students to design, build, and test a structure that would stay stable despite simulated earthquake. It discusses the learning goals for the project which include exploration of earthquake damage and designing a structure.

Vocal abusive behaviors are frequently observed in school going children especially yelling and screaming. The participants of present study were 50 typical school going children attending fifth and sixth grade. Acoustic analyses were done before and after class sessions using Praat software. While comparing the acoustic parameters before and after class sessions, there were differences across parameters but was not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated 485 grade 6 students' perceptions of their classroom learning environment and its influence on their attitudes towards the learning of science using the Science Learning Environment and Attitude Questionnaire (SLEAQ), which is made up of 7 scales with a total of 50 items. The SLEAQ includes scales from the What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC), Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) and Test of Science-Related Attitudes (TOSRA). The study aimed to (a) develop and validate the SLEAQ for use among primary science students in Singapore, (b) examine differences between students' perceptions of the actual and preferred classroom learning environment, (c) investigate sex differences in learning environment perceptions and attitudes, and (d) explore associations between students' attitudes and the nature of the classroom learning environment. The study helped to fill a gap involving the lack of instruments for use at the primary school level, as well as providing pedagogical implications for primary science classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of cooperative learning on the science lessons achievement of primary school students and to designate their views on cooperative learning process. 135 sixth-grade students attending the same school took part in the study. The model of this study was the Solomon four-group model. In the study, the Cooperative Learning Process Scale and the Science Achievement Test were used to collect data. In the light of the findings, the cooperative learning activities done in the experimental group have meaningfully increased the student achievement in comparison to the control group. According to the findings, it was determined that the activities were prepared appropriately to the cooperative learning and that they were organised considering the basic principles of cooperative learning. 85.07 per cent of the students have stated that the activities done were appropriate for high level cooperative learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines whether the 7 abilities found in a previous study carried out by the authors to constitute fraction understanding of sixth grade elementary school students determine hierarchical levels of fraction understanding. The 7 abilities were as follows: (a) fraction recognition, (b) definitions and mathematical explanations for fractions, (c) argumentations and justifications about fractions, (d) relative magnitude of fractions, (e) representations of fractions, (f) connections of fractions with decimals, percentages, and division, and (g) reflection during the solution of fraction problems. The sample comprised of 182 sixth grade students that were clustered into 3 categories by means of latent class analysis: those of low fraction understanding, those of medium fraction understanding, and those of high fraction understanding. It was found that low fraction understanding students were sufficient in fraction recognition and relative magnitude of fractions, those belonging to the medium category in fraction recognition, relative magnitude of fractions, as well as in connections with decimals, percentages and division and representations of fractions, while high fraction understanding students were sufficient in all 7 abilities. It was also found that these levels were stable across time; the hierarchical levels were the same across three measurements that took place. Possible implications for fraction understanding are discussed, and directions for future research are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health literacy has become an important health policy and health promotion agenda item in recent years. It had been seen as a means to reduce health disparities and a critical empowerment strategy to increase people's control over their health. So far, most of health literacy studies mainly focus on adults with few studies investigating associations between child health literacy and health status. This study aimed to investigate the association between health literacy and body weight in Taiwan's sixth grade school children.Methods: Using a population-based survey, 162,209 sixth grade (11-12 years old) school children were assessed. The response rate at school level was 83%, with 70% of all students completing the survey. The Taiwan child health literacy assessment tool was applied and information on sex, ethnicity, self-reported health, and health behaviors were also collected. BMI was used to classify the children as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. A multinomial logit model with robust estimation was used to explore associations between health literacy and the body weight with an adjustment for covariates.Results: The sample consisted of 48.9% girls, 3.8% were indigenous and the mean BMI was 19.55 (SD = 3.93). About 6% of children self-reported bad or very bad health. The mean child health literacy score was 24.03 (SD = 6.12, scale range from 0 to 32). The overall proportion of obese children was 15.2%. Children in the highest health literacy quartile were less likely to be obese (12.4%) compared with the lowest quartile (17.4%). After controlling for gender, ethnicity, self-rated health, and health behaviors, children with higher health literacy were less likely to be obese (Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) = 0.94, p < 0.001) and underweight (RRR = 0.83, p < 0.001). Those who did not have regular physical activity, or had sugar-sweetened beverage intake (RRR > 1.10, p < 0.0001) were more likely to report being overweight or obese.Conclusions: This study demonstrates strong links between health literacy and obesity, even after adjusting for key potential confounders, and provides new insights into potential intervention points in school education for obesity prevention. Systematic approaches to integrating a health literacy curriculum into schools may mitigate the growing burden of disease due to obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate student- and school-level factors that help to explain the difference in the nature of science (NOS) views. Overall, the design of this study is correlational. The sample consisted of 3062 students enrolled in the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades of elementary schools in Turkey. A hierarchical linear modelling was selected as a modelling technique. This study has established the importance of the student's socioeconomic background, learning approaches undertaken, self-efficacy, and motivational goals in the formation of their NOS views. The findings reveal that quality of both the physical infrastructure of schools and the educational resources in schools, parent educational levels, student achievement, self-efficacy, experience of meaningful learning, and learning goal orientation are positively related to different dimensions of student NOS views. Additionally, performance goal orientation and rote learning approaches have a negative relationship with different dimensions of student NOS views. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: This study examines the impact of executive functions, affective-motivational variables related to mathematics, mathematics achievement and task characteristics on fifth and sixth graders' calibration accuracy after completing two mathematical problems. Method: A sample of 188 students took part in the study. They were divided into two groups as function of their judgment accuracy after completing the two tasks (accurate= 79, inaccurate= 109). Differences between these groups were examined. The discriminative value of these variables to predict group membership was analyzed, as well as the effect of age, gender, and grade level. Results: The results indicated that accurate students showed better levels of executive functioning, and more positive feelings, beliefs, and motivation related to mathematics. They also spent more time on the tasks. Mathematics achievement, perceived usefulness of mathematics, and time spent on Task 1 significantly predicted group membership, classifying 71.3% of the sample correctly. Conclusions: These results support the relationship between academic achievement and calibration accuracy, suggesting the need to consider a wide range of factors when explaining performance judgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeglad Socjologiczny is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the optimal age category at which primary school pupils from low income families perform their best in literacy at grade 6 level. Age is a potential learning barrier because of its link to cognitive development as well as its influence on interactions between pupils within classrooms. The sample consisted of 7041 grade 6 pupils, spread in 226 schools across six major urban slums in Kenya. Using descriptive statistics, we examine the distribution of grade 6 pupils’ age. We then examine incidences of over-age pupils and incidences of grade repetition across various subgroups of pupils disaggregated by factors such as sex, wealth background, grade repetition, school type and geographical location. Finally, using multilevel techniques, we estimate the pupil age category that has greatest positive impact on literacy achievement at grade 6 after controlling selected pupil and school factors. Irrespective of pupil sex, grade repetition, wealth background, school type or geographical location the results indicate that grade 6 pupils perform their best in literacy when they are in the age category ranging from 10 years 6 months to 11 years 5 months. The results also indicate that, in general, younger pupils were likely to achieve better than older pupil in literacy regardless of the background under consideration. Implications of the findings for policy and practice as well as further research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adescriptive, holistic, multiple-case methodology was applied to examine the nature of participation in discourse of two low- and two high-achieving grade 6 students while solving mathematical tasks in a standards-based classroom. Data collected via classroom observations and student interviews were analyzed through a multiple-cycle coding process that yielded the within-case themes of use of space, meaning-making, and peer and teacher interactions. This student-focused inquiry addressed a methodological gap in the extant empirical literature by employing videorecording as a means of eliciting student awareness and reflection, which notably revealed differences in participation between the two low-achieving students. When considering implications, the results illuminate needed additional classroom norms, issues related to relative differences in students' abilities in heterogeneous groups, benefits of using video-recording as a means of promoting student reflection, and the important role of the teacher in maintaining equitable participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning how to carry out collaborative tasks is critical to the development of a student's capacity for social interaction. In this study, a multi-robot system was designed for students. In three different scenarios, students controlled robots in order to move dice; we then examined their collaborative strategies and their behavioral interactions. The following three scenarios were used: three students to three robots, three students to two robots, and two students to three robots. The experimental samples comprised sixth-grade students in elementary schools, 16 groups in total, and each group comprised three students. The results revealed three collaborative strategies for solving problems that emerged from the three scenarios: (1) independent-control (like cooperation), (2) mutual-control (like collaboration), and (3) coordinator-directed (like collaboration with coordinator). This study also found that students completed a task better with the least required time when they adopted the mutual-control strategy. In addition, coordination in the mutual-control and coordinator-directed strategies was generally regarded as helpful to task completion. With respect to behavioral interactions, students understood the importance of coordination yet still recognized that the skill of negotiation had to be learned. Our results suggest that the mutual-control and coordinator-directed collaborative strategy increased the frequency of task related interactions. Because collaboration inevitably entails conflicts, we should guide students not only in preventing these conflicts but also in learning how to cope with conflict and communicate and coordinate with others. By working together, learners had to figure out how to reduce conflicts, which was both a benefit to the completion of their collaborative tasks and an important skill for their socialization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Asian Journal of Instruction / Asya Öğretim Dergisi is the property of Asian Journal of Instruction and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The combination of changes occurring at the transition to middle school may be a catalyst for the onset of depressive symptoms, yet teacher support at this transition is protective. Research points to certain temperamental traits as risk factors for developing depressive symptoms. This study examines student reports of teacher support and teacher reports of student–teacher relationship (STR) quality as mediators of associations between child temperament (i.e. negative emotionality at age 4½ and emotional reactivity in elementary grades) and depressive symptoms in sixth grade. Results indicate (a) negative emotionality predicted emotional reactivity and depressive symptoms; (b) emotional reactivity predicted depressive symptoms; (c) students' perceptions of teacher support (in grade 6) and teachers' perceptions of STR quality (in grades 4–6) predicted depressive symptoms; and (d) student–teacher conflict mediated associations between emotional reactivity and depressive symptoms. Findings point to the importance of teacher support and positive STRs during the transition to middle school. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, I report on the findings of a study that compared the French as a second official language (FSOL) proficiency of three groups of Grade-6 students in English-dominant Canada: Canadian-born monolingual English-speaking students, Canadian-born bilingual students and immigrant bilingual students (IMBs). The goal of the study was to examine if and how proficiency in previously known languages impacts students' FSOL proficiency while taking into account the broader societal context of English-dominant Canada as well as the observed classroom contexts. Analysis of variances showed IMBs to have higher FSOL proficiency scores. Multiple regression analysis determined that membership in the IMB group is advantageous even when considering language of origin proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this embedded mixed methods study was to examine how sixth graders with high and low reading attitudes perceive teacher read aloud. We utilized quantitative data by surveying sixth graders (N = 87) about their reading attitudes and then collected qualitative data by interviewing five students, interviewing the teacher, conducting classroom observations, and reviewing read aloud materials. Students with lower reading attitudes enjoyed the relaxed classroom setting, while those with higher attitudes enjoyed the books being read. Other themes suggested that all students engaged inconsistently with the text, and that students are indeed aware of the potential instructional benefits of reading aloud. Implications are discussed including the importance of pairing teacher read aloud with other strategies to help students engage more explicitly with the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inception in 1995, the WebQuest instructional model has received substantial attention from educators who have applied it to teaching activities. However, WebQuest has seldom been applied to mathematical teaching. Therefore, exploring curriculum development and learning achievement in mathematical teaching that integrates the WebQuest model is necessary. The objective of this study is to explore using the WebQuest model for teaching the concepts of proportion in elementary school mathematics, and the subsequent effects on student learning achievements. Furthermore, this study endeavors to understand student learning attitudes and learning satisfaction regarding the WebQuest model. This study employed the quasi-experimental research method, and the participants were two sixth-grade classes with 52 students at a Taiwanese elementary school. The experimental group was taught using WebQuest, while the control group was taught by employing the traditional IT-integrated curriculum. The two groups completed a 5-week course on proportion concepts. The study results indicate the following: (a) Regarding learning achievements, students who learned with the WebQuest model demonstrated superior learning performance than students who were taught using the traditional IT-integrated curriculum; (b) no significant difference existed between the learning attitudes of students who were taught using the WebQuest model and those who learned with the traditional IT-integrated curriculum; (c) on the learning-satisfaction survey, the students who learned with the WebQuest model showed high learning satisfaction, selecting between agree and strongly agree for the 6 dimensions, including WebQuest teaching, IT capability, the assistance of mathematics curriculum, collaborative learning, learning reflection, and learning feedback. This indicates that the students were largely satisfied and identified with the task-oriented WebQuest learning curriculum that was designed in this study. Finally, specific recommendations are made based on the results, providing teachers and future researchers with a reference for integrating the WebQuest model in the mathematics field. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study examines the intra- and inter-lingual relationships between first and second language morphological awareness and reading comprehension among grade 6 Chinese learners of English as a foreign language in China. Morphological awareness measures covered compounding as well as derivation. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that within both Chinese and English, compound and derivational awareness independently and significantly predicted reading comprehension. Cross-linguistically, Chinese compound awareness explained a unique proportion of variance in English reading comprehension, over and above English vocabulary knowledge, English compound awareness, and other related variables. Such a cross-linguistic effect, however, was not found of English compound awareness on Chinese reading comprehension. Derivational awareness in one language did not show a significant cross-linguistic relationship with reading comprehension in the other language, when other variables were considered. These results are discussed in light of the importance of morphological awareness to reading comprehension, cross-linguistic transfer of morphological awareness and a possible linguistic distance effect on such transfer, and the context of Chinese–English biliteracy acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of guided-inquiry approach in science classes over existing science and technology curriculum in developing content-based science achievement, science process skills, and attitude toward science of grade level 6 students in Turkey. Non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design was used to investigate the treatment effect. There were 162 students in the experimental group and 142 students in the control group. Both the experimental and control group students took the Achievement Test in Reproduction, Development, and Growth in Living Things (RDGLT), Science Process Skills Test, and Attitudes Toward Science Questionnaire, as pre-test and post-test. Repeated analysis of variance design was used in analyzing the data. Both the experimental and control group students were taught in RDGLT units for 22 class hours. The results indicated the positive effect of guided-inquiry approach on the Turkish students' cognitive as well as affective characteristics. The guided inquiry enhanced the experimental group students' understandings of the science concepts as well as the inquiry skills more than the control group students. Similarly, the experimental group students improved their attitudes toward science more than the control group students as a result of treatment. The guided inquiry seems a transition between traditional teaching method and student-centred activities in the Turkish schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a classroom experiment where students use techniques found in the history of mathematics to learn about an important mathematical idea. More precisely, sixth graders in a primary school follow Archimedes's method of exhaustion in order to compute the number π. Working in a computer environment, students inscribe and circumscribe regular polygons inside and around a circle in order to find the approximate area of the circle. They then compute the ratio of that approximation to the area of a square with side-length equal to the radius of the circle. This ratio indicates how many times larger the area of the circle is than the area of the square. Mirroring Archimedes's findings, students discover that as they increase the number of sides in their polygons, the numerical results they obtain convince them that this number is almost equal to 3.14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I will describe how research into my Grade Six students' attitudes towards math turned into a joint action research project with my students using student feedback to inform and improve my practice. I will focus on evidence that this sort of authentic, democratic co-learning environment can transcend the constraints of moral poverty by improving teaching practice and that it is an effective model for students to replicate in order to voice rich moral questions in the form of, "How can I improve my learning?" I will share my learning from the democratic evaluations of my teaching by my grade 6/7 students who are ten and eleven years old. In addition, I will provide evidence of the enhanced culture of inquiry in the community of learners within my classroom. My visual narratives are intended to inform my own practice as well as the practice of my students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study modelled reading comprehension trajectories in Grades 4 to 6 English language learners (ELLs = 400), with different home language backgrounds, and in English monolinguals (EL1s = 153), and examined an augmented Simple View of Reading model. The contribution of Grade 1 (early) and Grade 4 (late) cognitive, language and word-level reading to Grade 6 reading comprehension was examined. The reading comprehension trajectory was non-linear in ELLs but linear in EL1s. Syntax predicted consistently rate of growth in reading comprehension. ELLs consistently underperformed EL1s on reading comprehension. Word-level reading and all components of language (vocabulary, syntax and listening comprehension) remained stable predictors of Grade 6 reading comprehension. Grade 1 phonological awareness, naming speed and working memory predicted reading comprehension in Grade 6, as did Grade 4 phonological short-term memory. Results support an augmented Simple View of Reading that includes cognitive, word-level and language components, and underscore the importance of considering developmental changes in the constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty / Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Teachers working with students with reading difficulties must decide when and how to intervene. Wood (2002) suggested that teachers’ shift their levels of support to match students’ needs based on moment-by-moment observations—that is, teachers should scaffold their support. In this qualitative analysis, we investigated instructors’ scaffolding of strategy use during tutoring lessons with sixth-grade struggling readers. As students thought aloud about astronomy passages, teachers made contingent instructional decisions. Lesson transcripts were coded for Wood's levels of contingent intervention (i.e., general verbal, specific verbal, specific verbal with nonverbal, preparation for action, and demonstration) and repair processes. Instructors constructed some successful scaffolds but more often demonstrated or interrupted readers’ problem solving with “preemptive prompts.” Implications for instruction and teacher preparation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seventy-six fifth-year students from low-socioeconomic status backgrounds participated in three different instructional conditions in an intervention study. The first combined strategy training in top-level structuring and interrelated motivational support; the second implemented the strategy training only; and the third was a control condition where no specific training in top-level structuring or motivational support was provided. Both trained groups showed substantial improvement in their reading performance, as indicated by two different reading tests administered before and after the 6-week intervention. The control group did not show any significant improvement on these tests. Students in the combined instructional condition made most progress in reading, indicating additional value in combining both explicitly performance-linked motivational support and strategy instruction in promoting reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Online Journal of Educational Sciences is the property of International Online Journal of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education & Science / Egitim ve Bilim is the property of Turkish Education Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Abstract: Past research with the Communication Attitude Test (CAT) has shown it to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing speech-associated attitude of children who stutter (CWS). However, in Japan, the CAT has not been used extensively to examine the communication attitude of CWS. The purpose of this study was to determine if a Japanese version of the CAT could differentiate between the communication attitude of Japanese elementary school CWS and children who do not stutter (CWNS). A Japanese translation of the 1991 version of the Communication Attitude Test-Revised (CAT-R) was used in this study. Eighty Japanese CWS and 80 gender- and grade level-matched CWNS participated in the study. The results showed that CWS had a significantly more negative communication attitude than CWNS. Both CWS and CWNS in 1st grade showed significantly more positive communication attitudes than children in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades. Furthermore, a link between stuttering severity and CWS’ communication attitude was found. Additional research is needed to confirm the results of the current study, which indicate that the communication attitude of Japanese CWS becomes more negative as they get older. Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to: (1) Describe the process that was used to develop a Japanese version of the Communication Attitude Test (CAT-J). (2) Discuss attitude differences between Japanese children who stutter and those who do not and how grade level impacts a negative attitude toward communication. (3) Explain the link between stuttering severity and attitudes of Japanese children who stutter. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science & Mathematics Education is the property of Balikesir University, Necatibey Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adiyaman University Journal of Science & Technology / Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Adiyaman University, Institute of Science / Adiyaman Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study has aimed to inquired whether there was a significant difference between academic achievement and attitudes of 6th grade students who learned "The Resources of Our Country" unit of social studies through case studies and students who learned this unit with teaching based on existing unit. Besides it was aimed to present thoughts and feelings of the students about the case study method aided learning-teaching process. Pretest-posttest control group design was used in this study and 30 students selected as experimental group while 30 students formed the control group who were from 6th grade from a primary school in 2008-2009 teaching year. During the study, pre-achievement test and pre-attitude scale were applied to the experimental and control group initially and the implementation process was began after it. In this process it was determined that there weren't any significant difference groups in regards to pre-test and pre-attitude tests scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to determine upper primary school students‟ levels of utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In this study, The ICT utilization scale developed by the author in the master thesis entitled “An Analysis of The Upper Primary School Students‟ Levels Of Utilization Of Information And Communication Technologies (Kilis Sample)” and its findings were used. The ”Scale of Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)” included 5 dimensions (acquiring of information, research and examination, communication, entertainment-game and self expression). The Universe of the research consisted of upper primary school students who were 6., 7. and 8. grade level at 2007-2008 educational term in Kilis. The scale was applied with 734 upper primary school students in the eleven state schools in the Kilis. Afterwards the applying research; the levels of students‟ utilization of ICT were determined middle level for acquiring of information, research and examination, communication, and entertainment-game dimensions and low level for self expression dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elementary students of advanced intellect are not being adequately challenged in mathematics classrooms. The implications discussed in this theoretical paper are: teachers must carefully analyze curricular choices to see that they match closely with needs of academically advanced students; students need conceptual understanding of algorithms that can be fostered with authentically challenging tasks; and textbook tasks alone may not suffice to adequately challenge academically advanced students in elementary mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]