Search

Abstract Dams and reservoirs are often needed to provide environmental water and maintain suitable water temperatures for downstream ecosystems. Here, we evaluate if water allocated to the environment, with storage to manage it, might allow environmental water to more reliably meet ecosystem objectives than a proportion of natural flow. We use a priority-based water balance operations model and a reservoir temperature model to evaluate 1) pass-through of a portion of reservoir inflow versus 2) allocating a portion of storage capacity and inflow for downstream flow and stream temperature objectives. We compare trade-offs to other senior and junior priority water demands. In many months, pass-through flows exceed the volumes needed to meet environmental demands. Storage provides the ability to manage release timing to use water efficiently for environmental benefit, with a co-benefit of increasing reservoir storage to protect cold-water at depth in the reservoir.

Sabit yağlar ve uçucu yağlar, yüzyıllardır insanlar tarafından, hastalıkların tedavi edilmesinde, hastalıklardan korunmak amacıyla ve yaşam kalitesini artırmak için kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca çoğu bitkisel kökenli olan, özellikle bitkilerin yağlı tohumlarından elde edilen yağlar, aromaterapide “taşıyıcı yağ” olarak kullanılmaktadır. Tedavide kullanılan bu yağların yapısı, kalitesi, elde ediliş şekli ve tedaviye uygun olarak seçilmesi, yağın tedaviye olumlu katkı vermesini sağlayan en önemli etmendir. Özellikle yaşlanma karşıtı ürünlerde tercih edilen yağlar antioksidan özellikleri ile ön plana çıkmakta ve bu yönüyle tedaviye destek olmaktadırlar. Çalışmada da bu amaca yönelik olarak piyasada bulunan bazı yağların antioksidan aktivitesi karşılaştırılmıştır. Yöntem olarak 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH•) radikal süpürücü etki, 2,2’- azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiazolin-6- sulfonik asit) (ABTS+•) radikal süpürücü etki ve askorbat–Fe (III)-katalizli fosfolipit peroksidasyonunu engelleyici etki tayini yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarda kullanılan buğday rüşeymi (Triticum sativum), keten tohumu (Linum usitatissimum), nar çekirdeği (Punica granatum), kişniş (Coriandrium sativum), çörek otu (Nigella sativa), sakız kabağı tohumu yağları (Cucurbita sp.) ve zerdeçal ekstresi (Curcuma longa) piyasadan temin edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda zerdeçal ekstresi ve buğday rüşeym yağı en aktif yağlar olarak belirlenmişlerdir.

Controlled release systems containing natural compounds have been successfully applied in cosmetics as antiaging products to enhance the penetration of active compounds through the skin. In this study, we aimed to develop novel ethosomal formulations containing a potent antioxidant, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and to evaluate their potential for use in cosmetics by determining their antioxidant and antiaging effects. Ethosomes (ETHs) were prepared via mechanical dispersion and characterized in vitro in terms of particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE%), and in vitro release. The best ETH formulation was used to prepare the ethosome-based gel (ETHG) by using Carbopol 980 as a gelling agent at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The gel formulation was evaluated regarding organoleptic properties, pH values, and viscosity. Stability studies were conducted for three months and changes in characterization parameters and residual EGCG content of ETHs were examined. Besides, for ETHG, organoleptic properties, pH values (every two weeks), and viscosity (first and twelfth week) were determined for three months. The 3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of the formulations and different EGCG solutions on the L929 cell line. The cell permeation properties and inhibitory effects of ETHs and ETHGs on collagenase and elastase enzymes were investigated compared to those of the solution form. Within the scope of antioxidant activity studies, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+•) radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation inhibitory effects were carried out. The optimized EGCG-loaded ETHs (F3) were within the nanoscale range (238 ± 1.10 nm). The highest encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release values were 51.7 ± 1.15% and 50.8 ± 1.70%, respectively. The ETHG was successfully formulated with F3-coded ETHs and the cytotoxicity test revealed that the formulations and the EGCG solution at different concentrations were nontoxic. In terms of cell permeability, enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant activity, the ethosomal formulations yielded better results compared to the EGCG solution. It was observed that the formulations had a long-term effect due to the stability of EGCG. The findings of the study underline the potential of antioxidant and antiaging effects of the developed ethosomal formulations for use in the cosmetic field.

The spatial arrangement of bacterial strains and species within microbial communities is considered crucial for their ecology. Here, Krishna Kumar et al. use a droplet-based printing method to arrange different bacterial genotypes across a sub-millimetre array, and show that micron-scale changes in spatial distributions can drive major shifts in ecology.

Aneuploidy, a state of chromosome imbalance, is a hallmark of human tumors, but its role in cancer still remains to be fully elucidated. To understand the consequences of whole-chromosome-level aneuploidies on the proteome, we integrated aneuploidy, transcriptomic, and proteomic data from hundreds of The Cancer Genome Atlas/Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium tumor samples. We found a surprisingly large number of expression changes happened on other, non-aneuploid chromosomes. Moreover, we identified an association between those changes and co-complex members of proteins from aneuploid chromosomes. This co-abundance association is tightly regulated for aggregation-prone aneuploid proteins and those involved in a smaller number of complexes. On the other hand, we observed that complexes of the cellular core machinery are under functional selection to maintain their stoichiometric balance in aneuploid tumors. Ultimately, we provide evidence that those compensatory and functional maintenance mechanisms are established through post-translational control, and that the degree of success of a tumor to deal with aneuploidy-induced stoichiometric imbalance impacts the activation of cellular protein degradation programs and patient survival.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency and compliance of positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted on moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients who admitted to Ankara Numune Hospital Sleep Center between 2008 and 2012. Seventy-five patients with moderate-severe OSAS who were using PAP treatment regularly were enrolled in the study. Patient's usage data, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) scores, and the differences in complaints of OSAS were recorded. Results. The overall complaints were improved when compared to pretreatment period. Particularly there was improvement in apnea, snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep quality. Conclusion. PAP is effective in reducing symptoms in people with moderate and severe OSAS. To inform the patients with details and the creation of strategies for close followup are necessary for improving the compliance of the patients.