1. Calcium-sensitive MRI contrast agents based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and calmodulin
- Author
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Atanasijevic, Tatjana, Shusteff, Maxim, Fam, Peter, and Jasanoff, Alan
- Subjects
Contrast media -- Chemical properties ,Ferric oxide -- Chemical properties ,Nanoparticles -- Chemical properties ,Calmodulin -- Chemical properties ,Diagnostic imaging -- Methods ,Science and technology - Abstract
We describe a family of calcium indicators for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), formed by combining a powerful iron oxide nanoparticle-based contrast mechanism with the versatile calcium-sensing protein calmodulin and its targets. Calcium-dependent protein--protein interactions drive particle clustering and produce up to 5-fold changes in T2 relaxivity, an indication of the sensors' potency. A variant based on conjugates of wild-type calmodulin and the peptide M13 reports concentration changes near 1 [micro]M [Ca.sup.2+], suitable for detection of elevated intracellular calcium levels. The midpoint and cooperativity of the response can be tuned by mutating the protein domains that actuate the sensor. Robust MRI signal changes are achieved even at nanomolar particle concentrations ( magnetic resonance | T2 relaxation | signal transduction | molecular imaging | neuroimaging
- Published
- 2006