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The absorption of hand-transmitted vibration energy may be an etiological factor in vibration-induced disorders. The vibration power absorption density (VPAD) may be a better measure of energy than the total power absorption of the hand-arm system. The objectives of the present study are to develop a method to estimate the average absorption density in the fingers and to investigate its basic characteristics. Ten healthy male subjects were used in this study. The biodynamic response of the fingers in a power grip subjected to a broad-band random excitation was measured under three grip forces (15, 30, 50 N) and three push forces (35, 45, 50 N). The response was used to estimate the total finger energy absorption. The response, together with the finger volume, was also used to estimate the amount of tissue effectively involved in the absorption. Then, the average VPAD under constant-acceleration, constant-power density, constant-velocity vibration spectra, and 20 tool vibration spectra were calculated. The correlations between the VPAD and the unweighted and weighted accelerations (ISO 5349-1, 2001) were also examined. The VPAD depends on both the characteristics of the vibration spectrum and the biadynamic response of the finger-hand-arm system. The biodynamic response generally plays a more important role in determining the VPAD in the middle frequency range (31.5-400 Hz) than those at the low and high ends. The applied force significantly affected the VPAD. The finger VPAD was highly correlated to the unweighted acceleration. The average VPAD can be determined using the proposed experimental method. It can serve as an alternative tool to quantify the severity of the vibration exposure for studying vibration-induced finger disorders. [DOI: 10.1115/1.1992526]

The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether distribution patterns of the maximum fingertip force in all directions from 0 deg to 360 deg around the index fingertip are the same among subjects. Distributions of the maximum index fingertip force were measured at four finger postures for five subjects (healthy males, ages 21 to 25). It became apparent that distribution patterns of the fingertip force were very similar among subjects, through the application of an analysis of variance (level of significance: 5%) to the measurement results. In the production of the maximum fingertip force, Valero-Cuevas et al. [1998, 2000] reported that patterns of control signals for driving muscle forces were common among subjects. The results of the present study indicate that patterns of maximum fingertip force are also similar among subjects. Therefore, the possibility is high that the static transfer characteristic for index fingers from input (i.e., control signals to muscles) to output (i.e., the maximum fingertip force) is also common among subjects. [DOI: 10.1115/1.1468637]

Serial induction of stimuli in the fingers changes the neuronal specificity and somatosensory maps of the hand surface in adult owl monkey, trained to respond to particular stimulus sequence events. Synchronous application of remodelling stimuli to the fingers causes their integration whereas, asynchronous induction of stimuli causes their segregation. A terminal electrophysiological neuronal response mapping analysis reveals that conditioned monkeys have multiple-digit receptive fields.